Childhood stunting and micronutrient status unaffected by RCT of micronutrient fortified drink (original) (raw)

Mayén, Victor Alfonso, Ogunlusi, Abimbola, Wright, Charlotte Margaret ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-6315 and Garcia, Ada Lizbeth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-2380(2022) Childhood stunting and micronutrient status unaffected by RCT of micronutrient fortified drink.Maternal and Child Nutrition, 18(1), e13256. (doi: 10.1111/mcn.13256) (PMID:34355514) (PMCID:PMC8710120)

Abstract

Micronutrient supplementation is widely used to prevent stunting in children under 5 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), but the impact of treatment has been disappointing, possibly due to non-compliance. Our aim was to deliver long-term micronutrient supplementation via a novel, culturally acceptable liquid food to improve linear growth in a high stunting prevalence region. In a randomised control trial, 971 children aged 6–72 months received either ‘Chispuditos®’ (n = 681), a hot drink (atole) fortified with micronutrients (atole + MN) (9 mg/zinc, 12.5 mg/iron), or lactose-free milk (n = 290) for 18 months. Primary outcomes were changes in length/height-for-age (HAZ) score and the prevalence of stunting at 18-month follow-up. Adherence was monitored monthly, and 73% children in atole + MN group consumed at least half their daily zinc and iron requirement. At 18 months, there was no difference between the treatments in growth [mean change in HAZ −0.02 (95% CI −0.12, 0.08)] or stunting [atole + MN 41%, milk 41%; RR 0.99 (95% CI 0.84, 1.19)]. There were no differences in haemoglobin (HB), ferritin or zinc. No children had iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) at outcome, but zinc deficiency remained equally prevalent in both groups: atole + MN 35%, milk 35% [RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.83, 1.24)]. There was no difference in morbidity between the groups, and micronutrient status was unrelated to HAZ. Long-term micronutrient supplementation via a culturally acceptable food had no impact on stunting or morbidity, raising the question of whether large-scale micronutrient supplementation is worthwhile.

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