Tomaselli Alexandra | European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC) (original) (raw)

Projects' reports by Tomaselli Alexandra

Das Projekt „Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in Socioeconomic Participation in Südtirol... more Das Projekt „Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in Socioeconomic Participation in Südtirol/Alto Adige and Catalonia in Post-Pandemic Times – InGEPaST“ untersuchte die Intersektionalität von Geschlecht und Ethnizität bei der sozioökonomischen Teilhabe in den Gebieten Südtirol und Katalonien. Diese Gebiete haben ähnliche Autonomiesysteme und einige große gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen. Ziel war es, innovative Lösungen zur Verbesserung des Zugangs zu Arbeit, Bildung und öffentlichen und sozialen Dienstleistungen für Frauen und LGBTQIA+ (Lesben, Schwule, Bisexuelle, Transsexuelle/Gender, Queer, Intersexuelle, Asexuelle, „Gender Diverse“ und „Questioning“) anzubieten. Dieser Bericht veröffentlicht die Ergebnisse zur Situation in Südtirol.

Das Projekt „ Intersektionalität von Gender und Ethnizität in der sozioökonomischen Partizipation in Südtirol und Katalonien in Zeiten nach der Pandemie “ wird von der Autonomen Provinz Bozen-Südtirol – Abteilung für Innovation, Forschung, Universität und Museen finanziert.

L’obiettivo del progetto “Intersezionalità di Genere ed Etnicità nella Partecipazione Socioeconom... more L’obiettivo del progetto “Intersezionalità di Genere ed Etnicità nella Partecipazione Socioeconomica in Südtirol/Alto Adige e Catalogna in tempi post-pandemici - InGEPaST” è stato quello di esplorare l’intersezione di genere ed etnicità nella partecipazione socioeconomica in due realtà come l’Alto Adige e la Catalogna, che condividono simili sistemi di autonomia e alcune grandi sfide della società, al fine di offrire soluzioni innovative per potenziare l’accesso al lavoro, all’educazione e ai servizi pubblici e sociali di donne e persone LGBTQIA+ (lesbiche, gay, bisessuali, trans-sessuali/gender, queer, intersessuali, asessuali, “gender diverse” e “questioning”) in uno scenario post-pandemico. Nell’ambito di questo progetto, il presente rapporto si propone di rendere pubblici i risultati sulla realtà altoatesina.

Il progetto “Intersezionalità di Genere ed Etnicità nella Partecipazione Socioeconomica in Südtirol /Alto Adige e Catalogna in tempi post-pandemici (InGEPaST)” è finanziato dalla Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano-Alto Adige – Ripartizione Innovazione, Ricerca, Università e Musei.

This report describes the process of the policies’ analysis of the InGEPaST project and the resul... more This report describes the process of the policies’ analysis of the InGEPaST project and the results of two datasets: primary data stemming from empirical research carried out with policy-experts in South Tyrol and Catalonia between January and March 2023 (second part of WP2); secondary data that include those South Tyrolean and Catalan laws, policies and action plans that deal with or otherwise affect the socioeconomic participation of women and LGBTIAQ+ individuals at local level (WP3).

The project “The Intersection of Gender and Ethnicity in Socioeconomic Participation in South Tyrol and Catalonia in Post-Pandemic Times (InGEPaST)” is funded by the Autonomous Province of Bolzano-South Tyrol – Innovation, Research, University and Museums Department (Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano-Alto Adige – Ripartizione Innovazione, Ricerca, Università e Musei).

Este informe tiene el objetivo de hacer públicos los resultados del proyecto «Interseccionalidad ... more Este informe tiene el objetivo de hacer públicos los resultados del proyecto «Interseccionalidad de Género y Etnicidad en la Participación Socioeconómica en Südtirol/Alto Adige y Cataluña en tiempos posteriores a la pandemia – InGEPaST» sobre la realidad catalana.

El proyecto «Interseccionalidad de Género y Etnicidad en la Participación Socioeconómica en Südtirol/Alto Adige y Cataluña en tiempos posteriores a la pandemia – InGEPaST» está financiado por la División de Innovación, Investigación, Universidad y Museos de la Provincia Autónoma de Bolzano-Alto Adige.

Aquest informe té l'objectiu de fer públics els resultats sobre la realitat catalana del projecte... more Aquest informe té l'objectiu de fer públics els resultats sobre la realitat catalana del projecte « Interseccionalitat de Gènere i Etnicitat en la Participació Socioeconòmica al Südtirol /Tirol del Sud i Catalunya en temps postpandèmia (InGEPaST)» .

El projecte “Interseccionalitat de Gènere i Etnicitat en la Participació Socioeconòmica en Südtirol /Tirol del Sud i Catalunya en temps post-pandèmics (InGEPaST)” és finançat per la Província Autònoma de Bozen-Tirol del Sud – Divisió de repartiment d’innovació, Recerca, Universitat i Museus.

“The Intersection of Gender and Ethnicity in Socio-Economic Participation in South Tyrol and Catalonia in Post-Pandemic Times”, 2023

This report has a fourfold aim: – first, it describes the process of the empirical research (WP2... more This report has a fourfold aim:
– first, it describes the process of the empirical research (WP2) that was carried out with CSOs in South Tyrol and Catalonia between April 2022 (month 4) and March 2023 (month 15) of the InGEPaST project;
– second, it presents a synthetic and preliminary thematic analysis of the primary data stemming from such empirical research;
– third, it provides the data analysis and results that are necessary to reply to the first of the abovementioned sub-research question by identifying which are the main social drivers and external factors that influence the intersection of gender and ethnicity in the socioeconomic participation of women and LGBTIAQ+ individuals in South Tyrol and Catalonia and how do they correlate, operate and differentiate;
– fourth, it supplies the data results that will serve to elaborate the InGEPaST project scientific articles that will be prepared following this deliverable (milestone M.4.4: submission of 2 scientific articles to peer-reviewed journals due for month 24).

The Deliverable D.1.2 contains the project's fine-tuned methodology, that is, the project RQs, th... more The Deliverable D.1.2 contains the project's fine-tuned methodology, that is, the project RQs, the methodological approach and its foundational elements, the project design, the research techniques and sampling strategy, and ethical issues.

OBCT/CCI, Eurac Research, FMST, 2021

Alexandra Tomaselli, Alice Engl & Helena Lupinc. “Inquadramento della situazione socio-giuridica,... more Alexandra Tomaselli, Alice Engl & Helena Lupinc. “Inquadramento della situazione socio-giuridica, culturale ed economica delle comunità italiane in Slovenia, Croazia e Bosnia Erzegovina e nuove prospettive”, in Le comunità italiane nei Balcani: storia recente e nuove traiettorie, OBCT/CCI, Eurac Research, FMST, pp.80-123.

La seconda parte del lavoro di ricerca del progetto “Le comunità italiane nei Balcani: storia recente e nuove traiettorie” propone un’analisi dell’odierno quadro socio-giuridico, culturale ed economico nonché dell’attuale ruolo di quelle che sono diventate le minoranze o comunità nazionali italiane (CNI) in tre paesi, ossia Slovenia, Croazia e Bosnia Erzegovina. Contestualmente, si esplora la potenzialità delle politiche estere dell’Italia in qualità di “nazione-madre” (kin state) per tali CNI nonché di attore politico di strategica rilevanza in quest’area. A tal fine, il capitolo riporta i risultati della ricerca illustrando la metodologia adottata (sezione 2), la legislazione in vigore nei tre paesi oggetto di studio (sezione 3), la cooperazione transfrontaliera attuata finora (sezione 4) e i risultati della parte empirica della ricerca (sezione 5) chiudendo il capitolo con alcune riflessioni conclusive (sezione 6) e fornendo delle raccomandazioni per il Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale allo scopo di potenziare la politica transfrontaliera ed internazionale dell’Italia nonché sostenere e migliorare la situazione socio-giuridica, culturale ed economica delle minoranze o comunità nazionali italiane insediate nei tre paesi oggetto di studio (sezione 7).

Books by Tomaselli Alexandra

Routledge, 2019

This book delves into the reasons behind and the consequences of the implementation gap regarding... more This book delves into the reasons behind and the consequences of the implementation gap regarding the right to prior consultation and the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) of Indigenous Peoples in Latin America.

In recent years, the economic and political projects of Latin American States have become increasingly dependent on the extractive industries. This has resulted in conflicts when governments and international firms have made considerable investments in those lands that have been traditionally inhabited and used by Indigenous Peoples, who seek to defend their rights against exploitative practices. After decades of intense mobilisation, important gains have been made at international level regarding the opportunity for Indigenous Peoples to have a say on these matters. Notwithstanding this, the right to prior consultation and the FPIC of Indigenous Peoples on the ground are far from being fully applied and guaranteed. And, even when prior consultation processes are carried out, the outcomes remain uncertain.

This volume rigorously investigates the causes of this implementation gap and its consequences for the protection of Indigenous Peoples’ rights, lands, identities and ways of life in the Latin American region.

Eurac Books, 2017

Indigenous peoples (whose number amounts to approximately 400 million people on a global scale) m... more Indigenous peoples (whose number amounts to approximately 400 million people on a global scale) may refer to different collectivities who live in a variety of demographic, territorial, social and political contexts. These peoples include, e.g., those who live in voluntary isolation as well as in urban settings. In the last decades, they and their rights have been widely recognized. This has prompted a bulk of indigenous studies from different disciplines and perspectives (e.g., anthropology, sociology, law, and philosophy). Such intertwined and multidisciplinary approach allow us to gain knowledge of those historical, political, economic and social specificities and dynamics that characterize these peoples across the world. The essays of this volume adhere to such approach and deal with some of the greatest challenges that indigenous peoples face with regard to their political and socio-economic participation. This lead us to a better understanding of the different paths of their vindications, the different degrees of the recognition of their rights, and the crucial problems they have to handle every day. This ultimately points at that ‘significant gap’ between the (supra/inter)national legal framework and its implementation at the national level, particularly with reference to the issues of natural resources, gender, education and intellectual property.

Cuando hablamos de pueblos indígenas nos referimos a diferentes colectividades (aproximadamente 400 millones de personas a nivel global), desde las pequeñas poblaciones en aislamiento voluntario (PAV) hasta las comunidades integradas en contextos urbanos, caracterizadas por situaciones variadas en términos demográficos, territoriales, sociales y políticos. A estos pueblos y comunidades de personas en las últimas décadas se les han reconocido derechos específicos cuya relevancia asumida ha determinado el florecimiento de estudios desde diferentes perspectivas (sociológica, jurídica, filosófica y antropológica). Estos nuevos aspectos, entrelazándose, permiten llegar a tener un conocimiento de las especificidades históricas y de las dinámicas políticas, económicas y sociales que caracterizan la actualidad del fenómeno indígena en cada nación. Los ensayos recogidos en el presente volumen tratan acerca de algunos de los mayores desafíos de los pueblos indígenas con respecto a su participación política y socio-económica y nos ayudan a comprender los diferentes caminos de reivindicación, los respectivos grados de reconocimiento y los problemas concretos de actuación. Las dificultades que experimentan estas poblaciones evidencian la existencia de una ‘brecha significativa’ entre el marco normativo (supra)nacional y su implementación en los diferentes contextos nacionales, con particular referencia a los ámbitos de los recursos naturales, del género, de la educación y de la propiedad intelectual.

UN bodies have increasingly emphasized the need to improve the political participation of indigen... more UN bodies have increasingly emphasized the need to improve the political participation of indigenous peoples. This book proposes a composite right to political participation of indigenous peoples, identifies its recognition in international law, and explores its application in two – apparently divergent but substantially more similar than expected – case studies in Latin America: Bolivia and Chile. The core sources of international law, including the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, serve as the main sources for the recognition of this right. This analysis ultimately integrates the non-(strictly)-legally binding outcomes of international organizations, the writings of publicists, and the scholarly literature of other disciplines (political science, sociology, and anthropology).
For the two case studies, it covers a period of approximately ten years (2005-2015), and assesses the national legislation and their implementation, as well as the domestic jurisprudence.

Este número de los Cuadernos Deusto de Derechos Humanos es el resultado de la tercera edición de ... more Este número de los Cuadernos Deusto de Derechos Humanos es el resultado de la tercera edición de la jornada de investigadores en asuntos indígenas de la «Red EMPI – Encuentros Multidisciplinares sobre Pueblos Indígenas», realizada en Sevilla en los días 5-6 de junio de 2012.

Queremos dar espacio a dos cuestiones complejas y poco conocidas: primero, el tema de la justicia de los pueblos indígenas, en términos tanto del pluralismo jurídico como de cómo los medios de la justicia «formal» pueden (o no) dar espacio a las demandas de los pueblos indígenas; y segundo, el tema de las formas de participación de los pueblos indígenas más allá de las formas políticas, como puede ser a través de un proceso de consulta, sino también de medios de gestión territorial a través de los cuales los pueblos indígenas se vuelven verdaderos actores de su propio desarrollo.

Edited special issues of Peer-Reviewed Journals by Tomaselli Alexandra

International Indigenous Policy Journal (IIPJ), Volume 5, Issue 4, 2014, Dec 2014

Iberoamericana. Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Vol. XLIII, 1-2, 2013, 2013

This issue entitled “The ‘new’ role of indigenous peoples in South American societies and their p... more This issue entitled “The ‘new’ role of indigenous peoples in South American societies and their political influence. Progress and Challenges” takes its name from the homonymous panel which we had the honor to coordinate at the Sixth Conference NOLAN (Nordic Latin American Research Network) “Latin America in Movement: Power, Spaces and Subjectivities” in Stockholm on 26-28 April 2012.

Indigenous Policy Journal - Vol 24, No 4 (2014) Spring 2014 (Special Issue), 2014

Scientific articles & book chapters by Tomaselli Alexandra

Changing Borders and Challenging Belonging Policy Change and Private Experience by Georg Grote and Andrea Carlà (eds) , 2024

This chapter challenges belonging and borders from a decolonial perspective by focusing on the im... more This chapter challenges belonging and borders from a decolonial perspective by focusing on the impact of the creation of states on the Indigenous
Sámi people in the three Nordic States (Norway, Sweden and Finland)
and the Russian Federation. In this frame, it aligns with the arguments
of this volume’s editors that not only borders and identities are socially
constructed concepts but also human societies are much more complex
than the idea, or the ideal, of a nation-state, being rather characterized by
diversity and multiple identities. This, however, does not mean that borders, in the legal and political sense, have not affected or do not impact
peoples’ daily lives. This is particularly evident in the case of Indigenous
Peoples, such as the Sámi, who live across national frontiers, and, as the
volume editors argue, enter those power dynamics and processes of inclusion and exclusion that are present in all types of borders.

The intersection of gender and ethnicity or race lies at the root of structural discrimination an... more The intersection of gender and ethnicity or race lies at the root of structural discrimination and racist practices for accessing the labor market and in the workplace. This discrimination is particularly evident for women and LGBTQIA+ individuals who either belong to ethnic minorities or are migrants. However, numerous other social drivers (e.g., age, class, origins) and external factors (e.g., prejudices, gender-based violence) further hinder their participation in the work domain and their attainment of fair labor conditions. This article explores how gender, ethnicity, and race intersect and operate with other conditions and factors to perpetuate the precarity and exploitation of women and LGBTQIA+ individuals who find themselves at the nexus of varied intersectional axes. The discussion centers around two neoliberal substate units in the Global North (South Tyrol, in Italy, and Catalonia, Spain) that register low unemployment rates and high rates of migration and that are home to historical, linguistic, and ethnic minorities. This empirical article provides for an informed debate on the lived experience of precarity and exploitation of women and LGBTQIA+ workers, and an analysis of how neoliberal substate units' labor and gender policies could be reformed.

Donath, P.B., Heger, A., Malkmus, M., Bayrak, O. (eds.) Der Schutz des Individuums durch das Recht. Springer, 2023

In light of what Professor Rainer Hofmann has taught to the academic and the international commun... more In light of what Professor Rainer Hofmann has taught to the academic and the international communities on the (effective) political participation of (national) minorities, this chapter aims to offer a concise overview on how human rights law protects and tries to guarantee the political participation of Indigenous women. After briefly introducing what Indigenous political participation implies under international law, this chapter will look at women rights’ standards and to the latest developments vis-à-vis Indigenous women (and girls’) rights regarding their participation in the political sphere. It will then offer some concluding remarks.

I popoli indigeni e i loro diritti in America Latina. Dinamiche continentali, scenari nazionali, 2023

In Cile vivono almeno dieci popoli indigeni i quali, dopo aver subito una considerevole spoliazio... more In Cile vivono almeno dieci popoli indigeni i quali, dopo aver subito una considerevole spoliazione delle loro terre nel corso dei secoli, sono stati riconosciuti in base alla cd. Legge Indigena (Ley Indígena) n. 19.253 del 1993 (e successive modifiche) come le seguenti «etnie» (etnias): Aimara, Chango, Colla, Diaguita, Kawashkar o Alacalufe, Likan Antai o Atacameños, Mapuche, Quechua, Rapa Nui e Yámana o Yagán. L’ultimo censimento del 2017 ha registrato un sensibile aumento di coloro che si auto-identificano come indigeni, passando dall’11,11% del 2012 al 12,8% della popolazione totale cilena.
Nonostante ciò, né la Legge Indigena e altre leggi in materia, né la tutela offerta dagli strumenti internazionali ratificati dal Cile vengono applicati in modo soddisfacente generando molta frustrazione nonché ingiustizie che hanno dato origine a ricorsi presso le Corti d’Appello e la Corte Suprema cilene. Inoltre, il Cile è uno dei pochissimi paesi latinoamericani che non ha ancora riconosciuto costituzionalmente i propri popoli indigeni, nonostante i diversi tentativi sin dal ritorno della democrazia e l’ondata delle riforme latinoamericane degli anni Novanta. Molte erano, quindi, le aspettative verso la riforma della Costituzione a cura dell’Assemblea Costituente eletta dai cileni e che riservava 17 seggi (su 155) ai rappresentanti indigeni. Il progetto di Costituzione, che conteneva alcune disposizioni in materia di diritti dei popoli indigeni, è stato però bocciato al referendum del 4 settembre 2022.
In tale contesto, il presente saggio intende fornire una panoramica del rapporto fra i popoli indigeni e le istituzioni del Cile di ieri e di oggi, analizzando la storia della sottrazione delle loro terre e l’attuale spettro dei diritti loro riconosciuti dalla legislazione nazionale – dall’identità culturale alla terra – nonché i fattori che impediscono la loro efficace implementazione, dando anche uno sguardo alle recenti sentenze delle corti cilene e all’ennesimo mancato riconoscimento costituzionale dei loro diritti.

“The Intersection of Gender and Ethnicity in Socio-Economic Participation in South Tyrol and Catalonia in Post-Pandemic Times”, 2023

OBCT/CCI, Eurac Research, FMST, 2021

Routledge, 2019

Eurac Books, 2017

International Indigenous Policy Journal (IIPJ), Volume 5, Issue 4, 2014, Dec 2014

Iberoamericana. Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Vol. XLIII, 1-2, 2013, 2013

Indigenous Policy Journal - Vol 24, No 4 (2014) Spring 2014 (Special Issue), 2014

Changing Borders and Challenging Belonging Policy Change and Private Experience by Georg Grote and Andrea Carlà (eds) , 2024

Donath, P.B., Heger, A., Malkmus, M., Bayrak, O. (eds.) Der Schutz des Individuums durch das Recht. Springer, 2023

I popoli indigeni e i loro diritti in America Latina. Dinamiche continentali, scenari nazionali, 2023

Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 2020

As elsewhere, the year was marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, which sadly caused the loss of over 2... more As elsewhere, the year was marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, which sadly caused the loss of over 26,000 people in Chile by the time of this writing (April 2021). Notwithstanding the restrictions and the consequent delays, the referendum on whether amending the (still that of Pinochet) Constitution of 1980 was held on 25 October. An overwhelming majority (78.2 percent) voted in favour of such a reform and for a mixed Constituent Assembly—that is, a commission formed by representatives that were to be elected on 11 April, but will be voted on in 2021 (15–16 May). As mentioned in the previous volume (see YIEL, volume 30), the constitutional reform may also include amendments to the current system of environmental protection.

Religions 12:10, 2021

This article argues that the (Western-oriented) right to religion has been proven inadequate in p... more This article argues that the (Western-oriented) right to religion has been proven inadequate in protecting Indigenous Peoples’ rights. It recognizes that this is partly because of the distinctive characteristics of Indigenous religions, which differ from other dominant religions, but also because of the way in which religion has been used by colonialism with dramatic effects on Indigenous Peoples and their beliefs, spiritualities, and worldviews. The article focuses on Latin America to argue further that in addition to colonialism, the early Constitutions also attacked Indigenous religions. As Indigenous rights are more acknowledged in Latin America, we take this region as an excellent, albeit painful, example of how Indigenous religions have been pushed aside even in the most positive contexts. The article uses the constitutional and legal arrangements in Latin American states, mainly Ecuador and Bolivia, to critically assess the protection that these favorable to Indigenous Peoples legal systems’ guarantee to Indigenous rights despite a persistent implementation gap. Also, this article highlights the weaknesses of the international system in mitigating the manifold threats that Indigenous Peoples have to face on a daily basis in their struggle to maintain and transmit their religions and spirituality, including the assault of other religions and sects into their communities and the so-called neo-extractivism. The article finally draws some concluding remarks and recommendations on how to improve the freedom of and violations from religion(s) of Indigenous Peoples in the context of Latin America as well as international law more broadly.

Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2021

Climate-induced relocation is expected to become an adaptive response for one sector of the socie... more Climate-induced relocation is expected to become an adaptive response for one sector of the society that is otherwise already in a vulnerable situation and often living in remote areas, that is, Indigenous Peoples. Several Latin American countries have referred to planned relocation or managed retreat as one of their adaptation strategies within their Nationally Determined Contributions to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. However, a gap in academic analysis exists regarding not only the potential impacts but also the consequences of climate-induced planned relocations both in the broader context of Latin America and in the specific case of Indigenous Peoples living in that region. In addition, academia has so far underexplored the adverse impacts of managed retreat on Indigenous Peoples, such as the loss of a sense of community, culture, and traditional knowledge. Against this background, this article offers an overview on two key cases of climate-induced (planned) relocation of Indigenous Peoples in Latin America and the Caribbean (the Gunayala people in the San Blás archipelago in Panama and the case of the densely Indigenous-inhabited Mexican state of Chiapas), explores whether managed retreat has been or may become a tool or a threat, and provides a list of specific policy recommendations to be taken into consideration in similar cases.

Bertus de Villiers, Joseph Marko, Francesco Palermo, and Sergiu Constantin (eds.), Litigating the Rights of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in Domestic and International Courts, Brill, Leiden, 2021

The role of the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human R... more The role of the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (hereinafter, the Commission and the Court, respectively) in assessing the interpretation and advancing the rights of Indigenous Peoples in the context of the Americas, and especially Latin America, is absolutely undeniable. The landmark decisions of these bodies have set what has been defined by the Court itself as an “evolutionary interpretation” of human rights, which has been firstly conceived and applied in a case of violation of land rights of Indigenous Peoples, i.e. Comunidad Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni v. Nicaragua of 2001 (Inter-American Court of Human Rights 2001, para.148). In the words of the Court, “human rights treaties are living instruments, the interpretation of which must evolve over time and reflect current living conditions” (Inter-American Court of Human Rights 2012, para. 161). In particular, the American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man of 1948 and the American Convention on Human Rights – Pact of San José (ACHR) of 1969 must be interpreted extensively to protect the rights of Indigenous Peoples, notwithstanding the absence of any expressive norm or provision on Indigenous rights until the adoption of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2016, which, however, is a non-binding document.
In this frame, this chapter aims to explore both how the Commission and the Court have analysed the alleged violations of Indigenous rights and how they have developed their legal reasonings in two recent and pivotal cases, namely the Case of the Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku v. Ecuador (Inter-American Court of Human Rights 2012) and the Case of the Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname (Inter-American Court of Human Rights 2015).

Yearbook of International Environmental Law (OUP), 2021

This year has been a crucial one for Chile. The protests that erupted in October once again point... more This year has been a crucial one for Chile. The protests that erupted in October once again pointed to the high level of socio-economic inequality in this country. The protests eventually led to the announcement and organization of a referendum to finally reform the 1980 Chilean Constitution, which was adopted under Pinochet’s dictatorship and only poorly reformed afterward. Although the referendum (planned for 26 April 2020) may be postponed due to the COVID-19 outbreak, its realization may set in motion the momentum needed to rethink the system of environmental protection.

The Prior Consultation of Indigenous Peoples in Latin America. Inside the Implementation Gap., 2019

The Prior Consultation of Indigenous Peoples in Latin America Inside the Implementation Gap Edited By Claire Wright, Alexandra Tomaselli , 2019

In 2008, the first mandate of President Michelle Bachelet and the (much delayed) ratification of ... more In 2008, the first mandate of President Michelle Bachelet and the (much delayed) ratification of ILO169 by Chile relaunched the debate on Indigenous rights throughout the country. In particular, this debate focused on their right to (prior) consultation. Since then, Chile has held a number of consultations with Indigenous Peoples. Some of these processes have focused (and overlapped) on the very same issues over several years. This is the case of the consultations on the constitutional recognition of Indigenous Peoples and the creation of a Ministry of Indigenous Peoples, a National Council of Indigenous Peoples, and (other) Councils of Indigenous Peoples. Between 2009 and 2017, the nine Indigenous Peoples of Chile were consulted five times on some or all of these issues. Furthermore, the legislation over the regulation of this right has changed considerably over the years, creating further confusion. Against this background, this chapter analyses the process and results of selected cases of consultations with Indigenous Peoples in Chile, and explores the reasons for their failures.

The International Journal of Human Rights , 2019

Indigenous Peoples are constantly denied a meaningful say in their domestic arenas despite centur... more Indigenous Peoples are constantly denied a meaningful say in their domestic arenas despite centuries of political struggle. While a considerable part of academia has (fairly) focused on the two crucial Indigenous rights of consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), it has discussed less the requirements, content, and operationalisation of the full and effective political participation of Indigenous Peoples despite appeals made by many United Nations (UN) bodies. Against this background, this article focuses on what will be called the ‘participatory’ rights of Indigenous Peoples in the frame of the International Labour Office (ILO) Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries No. 169 of 1989 (ILO Convention 169). It suggests a fourfold categorisation of such rights but with no intention to reduce the scope of the right (or rights) to Indigenous full and effective political participation, but rather to highlight those participatory measures that ILO Convention 169 includes but that have been so far neglected attention. The article ultimately highlights that ILO Convention 169 also may contribute to safeguarding Indigenous political participation in its different forms and exercises beyond consultation (and FPIC), which remain of utmost importance.

International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 2017

In the current era of land grabbing and extractivism, political participation of indigenous peopl... more In the current era of land grabbing and extractivism, political participation of indigenous peoples in their national and local affairs appears to be the crucial right to guarantee the exercise of their other rights. In the last decades, UN bodies have increasingly stressed the need to improve indigenous participation in their domestic political arenas. How indigenous political participation may be recognised, operationalised, and exercised as a right, and be effective, however, remains to be discussed. Against this background, this article elaborates a proposal for a holistic approach to the right to political participation of indigenous peoples and demonstrates how it is rooted in international law, international human rights law, and international indigenous law.

Online Compendium "Autonomy Arrangements in the World", 2020

Bolivia's refounding as a plurinational state is based on the recognition of the existence of ind... more Bolivia's refounding as a plurinational state is based on the recognition of the existence of indigenous peoples and their right to determine their form of government. As such, the creation of indigenous originary peasant autonomies (autonomías indígena originaria campesinas, AIOCs) within the broader constitutional framework of the plurinational state provide the basis for a new relationship between indigenous peoples and the Bolivian state. In practical terms, indigenous autonomies mark the recognition by the state of the right to difference, and in doing so, fundamentally alter the nature of the state. In quantitative terms, the fact that a decade on from the initial referendums in which 11 municipalities voted in favour of beginning the conversion to AIOCs, only two of these municipalities, plus one indigenous originary peasant territory (territorio indígena originario campesino, TIOC) have completed the process, does not suggest that the project to implement the recognition of indigenous peoples' right to autonomy in Bolivia has been a success. However, assessed qualitatively, in the long historical context of the struggle of indigenous peoples for state recognition of their own political autonomy, it would be right to judge indigenous self-government in Bolivia, as a path that continues to be constructed incrementally. Indeed, further time is needed to judge the ultimate success or failure of indigenous autonomies in Bolivia as a political project. In particular, since Evo Morales took exile, heralding a new political conjuncture, it remains to be seen how this political project can withstand a change of government. The true test of the structures supporting and supported by the plurinational state will be whether they develop their own identity independently of whichever party is in power and come to be recognized as institutions within the Bolivian state. Notwithstanding this, the overall autonomic process and the creation of the AIOCs have broken with the centralized Bolivian past and officially created an autonomous space for indigenous peoples that has to be built gradually.

Autonomy Arrangements in the World , 2020

Jonathan Alderman and Alexandra Tomaselli, “Indigenous Originary Peasant Autonomy (Autonomía Indí... more Jonathan Alderman and Alexandra Tomaselli, “Indigenous Originary Peasant
Autonomy (Autonomía Indígena Originaria Campesina) in Bolivia”, Online Compendium Autonomy
Arrangements in the World, October 2020, at www.world-autonomies.info.

European Yearbook on Minority Issues, 2017

Indigenous peoples are among the most vulnerable sectors of society in the face of climate change... more Indigenous peoples are among the most vulnerable sectors of society in the face of climate change because they generally have a profound and spiritual relationship with the(ir) land. Paradoxically, they are among those who have maintained and promoted a holistic management of the(ir) land and the environment, and have caused less climate change effects. The Inuit petition against the US at the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights has prompted the debate and an increased international attention on climate change effects and human (and indigenous) rights. However, the nexus between human rights and climate change raises several conceptual issues. Against this background, this article pursues a threefold goal. First, it aims to introduce the international debate, scholarly approaches, and conceptual and analytical questions that have arisen and still arise about the human rights-climate change nexus. Second, it tries to ascertain how the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources, such as fossil fuels (e.g. oil and gas), are contributing to climate change and how (some of) its adverse effects may—directly or indirectly—represent a threat for indigenous peoples and their rights in the Russian Federation and in Northern Europe (Denmark-Greenland, Finland, Norway, and Sweden). Third, it seeks to identify which indigenous international law instruments may offer (some) protection to these indigenous peoples against (few) climate change-related harms.

Actas del Congreso “El Extractivismo en América Latina: Dimensiones Económicas, Sociales, Políticas y Culturales, 2017

Esta ponencia se centra sobre el impacto del extractivismo en el Norte de Chile enfocándose en su... more Esta ponencia se centra sobre el impacto del extractivismo en el Norte de Chile enfocándose en sus efectos adversos sobre los pueblos indígenas que viven en esta área y analizando como ellos han desarrollado unas innovadoras estrategias jurídicas para salvaguardar a sus derechos, inclusive los al agua.
Según el censo de Chile de 2012, más que el 10% de la población total de Chile se auto-identifica con uno de los nueve pueblos indígenas que están reconocidos en Chile por la Ley sobre Protección, Fomento y Desarrollo de los Indígenas, ley N° 19,253 de 1993, mejor conocida como “Ley Indígena”. Entre las “etnias” indígenas esta ley reconoce a (en orden alfabético) los Atacameños, Aymara, Collas, Diaguitas, Kawashkar o Alacalufe, Mapuches, Quechuas, Rapa Nui o Pascuenses, Yámana o Yagán (artículo 1, párrafo 2).
Es un hecho ampliamente conocido que Chile es un país con una industria extractiva muy avanzada, especialmente en el norte donde hay diversas minas de cobre y de oro. La zona norteña de Chile es desértica y además es particularmente vulnerable antes la amenaza del cambio climático, como se vio en el caso de las fuertes lluvias que golpearon y dañaron las zonas de Antofagasta, Atacama y Coquimbo en marzo de 2015.
Quizás se conoce menos que la legislación sobre el agua y la minería en Chile es muy peculiar. En particular, el artículo 19.24, último párrafo, de la Constitución chilena regula los “derechos” de los particulares (incluidos los individuos, las empresas, etc.) sobre los cursos de agua. Este artículo establece que se pueda conferir un derecho de propiedad permanente de los cauces a los particulares si dichos derechos son reconocidos o constituidos de conformidad a la ley. En otras palabras, la Constitución chilena equipara el derecho de usar un manantial a un derecho real de natura perpetua. Se trata de una herencia de la dictadura de Pinochet para sobreproteger el uso comercial del agua dulce. Esto ha llevado a un registro masivo de “derechos de aprovechamiento de aguas” a lo largo de los años, y por lo tanto a la privatización de los cursos de agua por parte de empresas privadas, muchas mineras. Existe una protección especial de las aguas para las comunidades Aimaras y Atacameñas en la Ley Indígena (artículo 64), pero sin perjuicio de los derechos de aguas que terceros hayan inscrito de conformidad a la ley. Además, no incluye a otros pueblos indígenas del norte (Collas y Daguitas) pesantemente afectados por la industria minera. Finalmente, la legislación chilena sobre la minería facilita la masiva explotación de las materias primas a través también de una incipiente inversión extranjera.
En este contexto, los pueblos indígenas del norte de Chile resultan ser actores muy vulnerables, sobre todo frente a unos antagonistas poderosos como las empresas mineras.
Sin embargo, en los últimos años, gracias también a la ratificación del Convenio 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo por parte de Chile en 2008, entrado en vigor en septiembre de 2009, los pueblos indígenas del norte de Chile han litigado sus derechos frente a cortes nacionales o se han empoderado de otros instrumentos legales desarrollando así unas brillantes estrategias jurídicas para limitar los impactos sobre sus vidas y sus derechos por parte de la incipiente industria extractiva.
Por lo tanto, esta comunicación ofrece un análisis socio-jurídica de los impactos del extractivismo sobre cuatro de los pueblos indígenas en el norte de Chile y como estos pueblos (Aimara, Atacameños, Collas y Diaguitas) han buscado reaccionar y salvaguardar a sus derechos, inclusive los al agua, no obstante una legislación nacional muy favorable a la industria extractiva.

Cristiana Fiamingo (ed.), Problems and progress in land, water and resources rights at the beginning of the third millenium, Dec 2016

This chapter aims to give an overview on the right(s) to land of indigenous peoples in Latin Amer... more This chapter aims to give an overview on the right(s) to land of indigenous peoples in Latin America. Firstly, it shortly discusses why the right(s) to land is of the utmost importance for indigenous peoples, what it signifies for them and its multiple natures. Secondly, the international protection system of such right is presented. Nowadays there is a wide range of international actors that monitor and pledge to safeguard indigenous rights, and thus, their right(s) to land. General human rights instruments may also guarantee indigenous rights. However, there are two instruments of international law that specifically protect the rights of indigenous peoples, namely the International Labour Organization’s Convention No.169 of 1989 (“Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries”), and the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of 2007. Hence, the provisions regarding the right(s) to land of indigenous peoples through these instruments are discussed. These apparatuses provide indigenous peoples with a number of relevant rights and set the standard for their protection, however, their implementation is left up to the State. The majority of the Latin American countries fail to apply the rights contained in the two above-mentioned international instruments, as well as their own Constitutions. This has caused, and continues to cause, land disputes in which indigenous peoples are often not in the position to protect their right(s) to land due to a set of causes that will be explored. Due to the failure of the States to comply with their obligations, indigenous peoples have resorted to taking their cases before domestic and international (human rights) courts. In particular, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights started creating interesting and evolving jurisprudence since 2001 regarding the right(s) to land of indigenous peoples. A number of landmark decisions of the Court are thus illustrated. The paper finalizes with some conclusions and recommendations. As required by the conference, , this paper attempts to highlight the potential role of the European Union to ensure a proper application of indigenous land right(s) in Latin America, and to draw on these lessons for the European context.

European Diversity and Autonomy Papers - EDAP, 2015

Issues concerning indigenous peoples (IPs) in Russia have become a “hot topic” despite the fact t... more Issues concerning indigenous peoples (IPs) in Russia have become a “hot topic” despite the fact that they represent only 0.2 percent of the population. Constant amendments to the laws affecting the life of IPs and lawsuits filed before local Courts denouncing the violations of IPs’ rights are signs of the struggle surrounding these indigenous peoples. Moreover, between 2012 and 2013, the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON), the umbrella organization of IPs in the country, was ordered to shut down and subsequently given the permission to reopen by the Russian Ministry of Justice within the course of less than six months. This article aims to gain a deeper understanding of the recent developments vis-à-vis indigenous peoples’ legal protection and IPs’ increasing efforts to exercise their rights.

International Journal on Minority and Group Rights

International Journal on Minority and Group, 2021

A full and effective implementation of Indigenous Peoples’ rights continues to be one of the most... more A full and effective implementation of Indigenous Peoples’ rights continues to be one of the most significant challenges to overcome worldwide. In particular, academia, international organisations, and practitioners dealing with international Indigenous Peoples’ rights are still struggling to strike a balance between a western versus an own-Indigenous epistemology with regard to human and
Indigenous rights; to find a common ground and understanding regarding the
division between collective and individual rights; and to envisage and foster the fair application of other fundamental Indigenous rights such as those of self-determination, participation, consultation, and free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC). The literature on these rights has recently expanded to deal with, for example, the transformative role of fpic;1 how the right to political participation of Indigenous Peoples is and needs to be composite and holistic; and how (prior) consultation is performed, administered, and institutionalised, as well as how, in many cases, its application ultimately fails, including the reasons and the drivers behind this, and how it is used by States to discard their responsibilities or employed by Indigenous Peoples to advance their rights’ agenda in different parts of the world.
However, for a long time, a gap has existed in the literature regarding how to
avoid those aspects of Indigenous Peoples’ rights—whose aim is to guarantee
that this (still vulnerable) sector of society is finally recognised, respected, and
has a say in their matters—that might eventually cause intersectional discrimination
in relation to the exercise of their rights, thereby undermining the overall
goal and effectiveness of those same rights. The book under review, "Reconciling Indigenous Peoples’ Individual and Collective Rights. Participation, Prior Consultation and Self-Determination in Latin America" (Routledge, Abington, New York: 2019) authored by Jessika Eichler, addresses these gaps and engages in an in-depth analysis of the individual and collective dimensions of the rights of Indigenous Peoples and of three subgroups within them (i.e., women, children, and elders) by pointing to those dynamics that might provoke intersectional discrimination and hinder the application of Indigenous rights with a focus on self-determination, participation, consultation, and FPIC.

Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental - The Catalan Journal of Environmental Law, 2020

En los presentes tiempos de COVID-19, y bajo el deber científico de repensar la reconstrucción o ... more En los presentes tiempos de COVID-19, y bajo el deber científico de repensar la reconstrucción o la nueva "normalidad" en cuanto superemos esta pandemia, la publicación Las migraciones climáticas ante el ordenamiento jurídico internacional, de Beatriz Felipe Pérez, se presenta particularmente oportuna y acertada, y más que bienvenida. La incidencia del cambio climático ya es evidente en diversas regiones del mundo, desde el Ártico al Mar Caribe hasta el Pacífico, como señala la autora de esta completa obra (pp. 31-33). Sin embargo, la naturaleza de los efectos adversos del cambio climático hace que todas las regiones del mundo puedan sufrir sus consecuencias, como ha señalado el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPPC por su sigla en inglés) así como representar una amenaza concreta para la futura existencia y ejercicio de los derechos humanos, como ha sido reportado por Felipe Pérez (p.16). En este contexto, a partir de mayo de 2019, algunos estados y regiones, después de la declaración por parte del Reino Unido, han empezado a hablar abiertamente de "emergencia climática". Si bien por un lado todo el mundo conoce a Greta Thunberg y su simples pero poderosos mensajes, se sigue desconociendo el destino de millones de personas que migran o deberán migrar por causas ambientales relacionadas con el cambio climático (p. ej., sequías, inundaciones, elevación del nivel del mar) y que se encuentran sin recursos y sin protección. Como señala Felipe Pérez, "[l]as migraciones climáticas están ocurriendo ya" y "no nos queda tiempo que perder" para proteger a las generaciones presentes y futuras, así como a la Tierra (p. 214).

Revista Espacialidades, Mexico, 2015

Revista REDHES Num.11-2014, 2014

Movilizaciones indígenas: tierras, recursos naturales y participación (consulta/consentimiento), multiple book review: Martí i Puig, Salvador, Wright, Claire, Aylwin, José and Yáñez, Nancy (eds.); Gómez Isa, Felipe (dir.); Arellano Yanguas, Javier; Doyle, Cathal & Cariño, Jill, pp.218-221.

Revista CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals, n.º 105, special issue on "Movilización ciudadana transnacional: nuevas formas de activismo politico " edited by Salvador Martí i Puig y Eduardo Silva, 2014

Espacialidades, Revista de temas contemporáneos sobre lugares, política y cultura. Vol.4, No.1,, 2014

European Yearbook on Minority Issues, Vol.10, 2011 , 2013

Case study prepared for the Committee on the Implementation of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the International Law Association (ILA), 2019

Bolivia is the only country to have “ratified” the UNDRIP, implementing it as domestic law with L... more Bolivia is the only country to have “ratified” the UNDRIP, implementing it as domestic law with Law No.3760 of 2007. The Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro-Secure (TIPNIS) is a recognized National Park, a demarked Indigenous Communitarian Native Land, and home to approximately 60-70 indigenous communities. The construction of a highway that crosses the TIPNIS in the middle began in June 2011. The project was approved without any prior consultation to the affected indigenous peoples, and after two indigenous protest marches, a contested consultation process was organized in mid-2012. However, the results were highly contested. The completion of the highway received green light in August 2017. No compensation or redress mechanisms for the affected indigenous communities have been ever foreseen. Indigenous peoples’ lawsuits in domestic courts have been all declared inadmissible. Hence, this case concerns, inter alia, the following indigenous land-related issues: (present) land dispossession; noncompliance with indigenous land demarcation; and non-provision of mechanisms for prevention and/or redress in cases of land dispossession (UNDRIP arts. 8.1, 10, 26 and 28; ILO Convention arts.14-16). Additionally, it concerns indigenous rights to consultation (ILO Convention arts.6 and 16, UNDRIP arts.19 and 32.2, 2009 Bolivian Constitution art.30.2, nos.6, 15 and 16, and other domestic laws) and to free, prior, and informed consent (UNDRIP arts. 10, 19 and 32.2, 2009 Bolivian Constitution art.30.2, no.15 and art.403.1, and other domestic laws).

Since the late 1980s and throughout the decade of the 1990s, forms of indigenous autonomy or self... more Since the late 1980s and throughout the decade of the 1990s, forms of indigenous autonomy or self-government were introduced in the constitutions of five Latin American countries (Nicaragua, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela), two of which (Ecuador and Bolivia) have reinforced such arrangements in their recent constitutional reforms (at least, on paper). In Mexico, boosted by the Zapatista movement, the 2001 constitutional reform also recognised the indigenous right to autonomy, albeit to be implemented at the state (and not federal) level. In Panama, five indigenous Comarcas have been created so far, the first (officially) in 1953, and the last in 2000. Nunavut and Greenland are other two cases of potential indigenous (territorial) autonomies. Since the 1990s, indigenous movements worldwide started to demand autonomy arrangements for indigenous peoples.
However, in the 21st century, called by some the ‘Age of Autonomy’ (Skurbaty 2005, xliii‐xliv), what will indigenous autonomy look like? Is there a right to it for indigenous peoples? Are there indigenous forms of (legally recognized) “autonomy”? How do indigenous peoples envisage their exercise of (the right to) autonomy?

Case study prepared for the Committee on the Implementation of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the International Law Association (ILA), 2016

In the Russian Federation, 46 peoples have been legally recognized as “small-in-number indigenous... more In the Russian Federation, 46 peoples have been legally recognized as “small-in-number indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East”. Indigenous peoples are constitutionally recognized in art.69 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993). This article was legally implemented by the adoption of three federal laws, which specifically apply to indigenous peoples, namely the Laws “On Guarantees” (1999), “On Obshchinas” (2000), and “On Territories” (2001). Formally, these laws provide indigenous peoples with a number of individual and collective rights, guaranteeing, inter alia, the right to freely use land and renewable natural resources in the territories they traditionally occupy, and areas where they engage in traditional economic activities (“On Guarantees”, art.8, para.1). However, problems seem to lie in the effective implementation of the laws or their constant amendment. For instance, art. 11 of the original text of the Law “On Territories” stated that the use of territories of traditional natural use (in Russian: Territorii Traditsionnogo Prirodopol’zovaniya, hereinafter TTP) shall be free of charge. However, the Russian government has undermined the right of the indigenous peoples to free land use by amending art.11 through Federal Law No.118-FZ of 2007; it has also failed to designate such TTP at the federal level. Regarding their fishing rights, art.25 of the Russian Federal Law No.166-FZ of 2004 “On fishery and the protection of biological water resources”, foresees an exception clause for indigenous peoples from the requirement of holding a fishing permit, when fishing is carried out to satisfy subsistence needs and follows traditional practices at the level of the indigenous community. This provision is also poorly applied. At the same time, indigenous peoples have recently litigated successfully to uphold their fishing rights before domestic Russian courts, in order to guarantee the community’s livelihood. This case study will therefore tackle land and fishing rights of indigenous peoples in Russia by looking at the existing domestic legal framework, instances of lack of implementation of such legislation, and pertinent case law, in light of the guarantees identified by the UNDRIP.

Case study prepared for the Committee on the Implementation of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the International Law Association (ILA), 2016

Since 2009, the Chilean Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court have produced a rapidly evolving a... more Since 2009, the Chilean Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court have produced a rapidly evolving and extremely interesting jurisprudence regarding indigenous land and water rights, as well as the (related) right to consultation. In late 2009, the Chilean Supreme Court recognized the “ancestral water rights” of the Aymara indigenous community Chusmiza y Usmagama, basing its arguments on arts.13.2 and 15.1 of the ILO Convention 169 (indigenous land as “habitat”, which thus also includes watercourses). In the same period, the Chilean Supreme Court condemned the logging company Sociedad Palermo Itda for damages to Mapuche sacred sites and thus adversely affecting the practice of traditional medicine (arts.13-14 of ILO Convention 169). In mid-2010, the Court of Appeal of Valdivia found the Environmental National Commission guilty of waste disposal in an area contiguous to Mapuche lands and the consequent destruction of ceremonial grounds by also mentioning art.25 of the UNDRIP. The Supreme Court upheld this case the following January 2011. In late 2014, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Peasant Community Diaguita of Huascoaltinos against the Environmental Evaluation Commission of the third region (Atacama), which had authorized the construction of an open-pit gold and copper mine on 2,463 hectares of land (including large parts of indigenous territories) without any (due) consultation with the affected indigenous peoples.

Case study prepared for the Committee on the Implementation of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the International Law Association (ILA), 2016

Bolivia is the only country to have “ratified” the UNDRIP, implementing it as domestic law with L... more Bolivia is the only country to have “ratified” the UNDRIP, implementing it as domestic law with Law No.3760 of 2007. The Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro-Secure (TIPNIS) is a recognized National Park, a demarked Indigenous Communitarian Native Land, and home to approximately 60-70 indigenous communities. The construction of a highway that crosses the TIPNIS in the middle began in June 2011. The project was approved without any prior consultation, and after two indigenous protest marches, a contested consultation process was organized in late 2012. However, the results were questioned. The completion of the highway appears to be currently blocked, although work on the first stretch has continued. No compensation or redress mechanism for the affected indigenous communities is currently foreseen. Indigenous lawsuits in domestic courts so far have been declared inadmissible. Hence, this case concerns, inter alia, the following indigenous land-related issues: (present) land dispossession; noncompliance with indigenous land demarcation; and non-provision of mechanisms for prevention and/or redress in cases of land dispossession (UNDRIP arts. 8.1, 10, 26 and 28; ILO Convention arts.14-16). Additionally, it concerns indigenous rights to consultation (ILO Convention arts.6 and 16, UNDRIP arts.19 and 32.2, 2009 Bolivian Constitution art.30.2, nos.6, 15 and 16, and other domestic laws) and to free, prior, and informed consent (UNDRIP arts. 10, 19 and 32.2, 2009 Bolivian Constitution art.30.2, no.15 and art.403.1, and other domestic laws).

XV Anniversary FCNM, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France, Nov 25, 2013

ACADEMIA research Magazine, 2008

Exiles in their own land, the Mapuche people of Chile continue their struggle for survival 400 ye... more Exiles in their own land, the Mapuche people of Chile continue their struggle for survival 400 years after the Spanish conquista. The troubled tale of these proud people is here briefly presented.

EURAC within the EURASIA-Net project Project no. 216072, financed by the 7Th Framework Programme of the European Commission, 2008

Consultas en Chile: ¿Realizando la participación política de los pueblos indígenas?/Consultations in Chile. Implementing the political participation of indigenous peoples?, 2012

Intervista di Elisa Fabretto (giornalista del quotidiano l'Indro) ad Alexandra Tomaselli

Indigenous peoples and biodiversity law in Ecuador An interview with Daqui Lema Maldonado from the Kichwa People of Otavalo, 2020

The book symposium on Federica Cittadino's attempt to incorporate indigenous rights in internatio... more The book symposium on Federica Cittadino's attempt to incorporate indigenous rights in international biodiversity law raised various theoretical and practical issues for international legal scholarship. But how is the link between these two legal regimes perceived from an Indigenous perspective on the ground? In this interview, Alexandra Tomaselli speaks with Daqui Lema Maldonado, an academic, cultural activist, and the Secretary of the Kichwa Cabildo of Otavalo in Ecuador, about the importance of national and international biodiversity law for the Kichwa Indigenous people as well as other Indigenous peoples in Ecuador. He also reflects on the current Covid-19 pandemic and its adverse effects on these peoples in Ecuador. In your experience as Secretary of the Indigenous people of Kichwa Cabildo, how important is biodiversity for your people?