Maria Reid | Florida International University (original) (raw)

Papers by Maria Reid

The Journal for Research and Practice in College Teaching, Nov 26, 2021

have been amazingly fortunate to have an advisor who guided me with care, patience, and constant ... more have been amazingly fortunate to have an advisor who guided me with care, patience, and constant needling. You have been a father to me, allowing me to grow and expand my wings while keeping my focus on the bottom line. I will be forever grateful for your mentorship.

Cultural Sociology of Divorce: An Encyclopedia, 2013

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2003

A quantitative analytical method was used to measure myelinated axon morphometric parameters (e.g... more A quantitative analytical method was used to measure myelinated axon morphometric parameters (e.g., axon area, ratio of axon area/fiber area, and index of circularity) in rat nervous tissue during intoxication with 2,5-hexanedione (HD). Parameters were assessed in nerve roots (dorsal and ventral) and in ascending (gracile fasciculus and spinocerebellar tract) and descending (corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts) spinal cord white matter

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2004

Quantitative morphometric analyses have demonstrated that axon atrophy is the primary neuropathic... more Quantitative morphometric analyses have demonstrated that axon atrophy is the primary neuropathic feature in the CNS and PNS of rats intoxicated with 2,5-hexanedione (HD). Axon caliber is maintained by the exchange of mobile neurofilament (NF) subunits with the stationary polymer and, therefore, HD might produce atrophy by disrupting cytoskeletal turnover. To evaluate this possibility, groups of rats were exposed to HD at dosing schedules (175 mg/kg  101 days or 400 mg/kg  26 days) that produced moderate levels of neurological deficits and prevalent axon atrophy in spinal cord white matter tracts. Lumbar spinal cord regions from HD-intoxicated rats and their agematched controls were Triton-extracted and separated by differential fractionation into a low-speed, insoluble pellet ( P 1 ) of NF polymer and a high-speed supernatant fraction (S 2 ), which presumably contained mobile monomer. Cytoskeletal protein contents (NF-L, -M, -H, and htubulin) in each fraction were determined by immunoblot analysis. Results show that regardless of HD dose-rate, the NF polymer in P 1 remained unaffected, although soluble monomer in the S 2 fraction was depleted significantly (60 -80% reduction). Fractional h-tubulin contents were inconsistently affected and abnormal higher-molecular-weight NF proteins were detected in the P 1 fraction only. Studies with antibodies directed against phosphorylated (RT97) and nonphosphorylated (SMI32) epitopes on NF-H and measurements of corresponding isoelectric range suggested that alterations in phosphorylation were not involved. The selective depletion of Triton-soluble protein suggested that HD adduction of NFs interfered with the dynamic interactions of the polymeric and mobile monomeric pools.

NeuroToxicology, 2005

Axon atrophy is the principle morphological feature of the peripheral neuropathy induced by 2,5-h... more Axon atrophy is the principle morphological feature of the peripheral neuropathy induced by 2,5-hexanedione (HD). Axon caliber is determined by a stationary neurofilamentous cytoskeleton that is maintained through dynamic interactions with mobile neurofilament (NF) subunits. To determine the effects of HD on the stationary and mobile NF pools, groups of rats were exposed to HD at dosing schedules (175 mg/kg  101 days or 400 mg/kg  26 days) that produced moderate levels of neurological deficits and, as assessed by previous studies, prevalent axon atrophy in peripheral nerve. Sciatic and tibial nerves from HD-intoxicated rats and their age-matched controls were triton-extracted and separated by differential centrifugation into a high-speed pellet (P 1 ) of NF polymer and a corresponding supernatant fraction (S 1 ), which presumably contained mobile monomer. Cytoskeletal proteins (NF-L, NF-M, NF-H and b-tubulin) in each fraction were determined by immunoblot analysis. Results show that regardless of HD dose-rate, triton-soluble NF subunits in the supernatant fractions were significantly reduced, whereas triton-insoluble proteins in the corresponding pellets were inconsistently affected. b-Tubulin also exhibited inconsistent fractional changes, while abnormal higher molecular weight NF proteins were detected primarily in the triton-insoluble fraction. Studies with antibodies directed against phosphorylated (RT97) and non-phosphorylated (SMI32) epitopes on NF-H did not reveal major changes in subunit phosphorylation. These results suggest that HD intoxication is primarily associated with depletion of soluble NF proteins, which could produce axon atrophy through disruption of cytoskeletal turnover and maintenance.

NeuroToxicology, 2002

This research was conducted to determine which neurological test or combination of tests can prov... more This research was conducted to determine which neurological test or combination of tests can provide sufficient functional information to compliment biochemical or morphological endpoints in mechanistic studies of toxic axonopathies. Using several neurological indices, we evaluated the effects of two prototypical neurotoxicants that cause distal axonopathy: acrylamide monomer (ACR) and 2,5-hexanedione (HD). For each toxicant, rats were exposed to two daily dosing rates (ACR, 50 mg/kg per day i.p. or 21 mg/kg per day, p.o.; HD, 175 or 400 mg/kg per day, p.o.) and neurological endpoints were determined two to three times per week. Specific tests included observations of spontaneous locomotion in an open field, and measurements of hindlimb landingfoot splay, forelimb and hindlimb grip strength and the hindlimb extensor thrust response. For all neurological parameters, the magnitude of defect induced by either neurotoxicant was not related to daily dose-rate, e.g. both the lower and higher ACR dose-rates produced the same degree of neurological dysfunction. Instead, dose-rate determined onset and progression of neurotoxicity, e.g. the higher ACR dose-rate produced moderate neurotoxicity after approximately 8 days of intoxication, whereas the lower dose-rate caused moderate neurotoxicity after 26 days. Regardless of dose-rate, ACR-exposed rats exhibited gait abnormalities (ataxia, splayed hindlimbs), in conjunction with increased landing hindfoot spread and decreased hindlimb grip strength and extensor thrust HD intoxicated rats exhibited hindlimb muscle weakness as indicated by a gait abnormality (dropped hocks) and decreases in grip strength and the extensor thrust response. However, hindlimb landingfoot spread was not affected by HD exposure. For both neurotoxicants, gait changes preceded or coincided with alterations in other neurologic indices. These results suggest that observations of spontaneous behavior in an open field represent a practical approach to assessing temporal development and extent of neurological dysfunction induced by axonopathic toxicants such as ACR and HD.

Culture, Society and Masculinities, 2010

Culture, Society and Masculinities, 2010

NeuroToxicology, 2005

Loss of axon caliber is a primary component of g-diketone neuropathy [LoPachin RM, DeCaprio AP. g... more Loss of axon caliber is a primary component of g-diketone neuropathy [LoPachin RM, DeCaprio AP. g-Diketone central neuropathy: axon atrophy and the role of cytoskeletal protein adduction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004;199:20-34]. It is possible that this effect is mediated by changes in the density of cytoskeletal components and corresponding spatial relationships. To examine this possibility, morphometric methods were used to quantify the effects of 2,5hexanedione (HD) intoxication on neurofilament-microtubule densities and nearest neighbor distances in myelinated rubrospinal axons. Rats were exposed to HD at one of two daily dose-rates (175 or 400 mg/kg per day, gavage) until a moderate level of neurotoxicity was achieved (99 or 21 days of intoxication, respectively) as determined by gait analysis and measurements of hindlimb grip strength. Results indicate that, regardless of dose-rate, HD intoxication did not cause changes in axonal neurofilament (NF) density, but did significantly increase microtubule (MT) density. No consistent alterations in interneurofilament or NF-MT distances were detected by ultrastructural morphometric analyses. These data suggest that the axon atrophy induced by HD was not mediated by major disruptions of stationary cytoskeletal organization. Recent biochemical studies of spinal cord from HD intoxicated rats showed that, although the NF protein content in the stationary cytoskeleton (polymer fraction) was not affected, the mobile subunit pool was depleted substantially [LoPachin RM, He D, Reid ML, Opanashuk LA. 2,5-Hexanedione-induced changes in the monomeric neurofilament protein content of rat spinal cord fractions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004;198:61-73]. The stability of the polymer fraction during HD intoxication is consistent with the absence of significant ultrastructural modifications noted in the present study. Together, these findings implicate loss of mobile NF proteins as the primary mechanism of axon atrophy.

Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 2003

This study examined peer relationships and psychosocial functioning as a function of maternal and... more This study examined peer relationships and psychosocial functioning as a function of maternal and paternal involvement and nurturance along with the moderating effects of gender, family form, and ethnicity. Prior research has shown the influence of mother’s involvement on peer relationship quality but not of fathers. Further, previous studies did not examine moderation by family form, gender, or ethnicity. The sample consisted of 1359 students who identified their biological mother and father as the most influential parental figures in their lives. Their ages ranged from 18 to 26; Sixty–one percent of the sample was Hispanic, 13% non-Hispanic Black, 25% non-Hispanic White; 76% female and 70% from intact families. The analytical strategy included using bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling to examine these relationships.

All dimensions of maternal and paternal nurturing and involvement were positively related to positive characteristics of peer relationships, self-esteem and life satisfaction consistent with the multicultural findings of PARTheory (Rohner, Khalique, & Cournoyer, 2005). A structural model was developed that was able to adequately account for the relationship between parental influence, peer relationships, and psychosocial functioning. These effects of both maternal and paternal influence were strongly moderated by culture, family form, and gender. Finally, a differential effect was found among parental influence with fathers having a greater influence on friendship quality and importance than mothers, despite greater maternal involvement.

These findings have theoretical, clinical, and social implications as they call for a socially based theoretical perspective within which to study these relationships. Such a perspective would better inform clinicians when using impaired social functioning as indicative of axial diagnosis, and for the implementation of social policy to encourage paternal involvement.

This study examined peer relationships and psychosocial functioning as a function of maternal and... more This study examined peer relationships and psychosocial functioning as a function of maternal and paternal involvement and nurturance along with the moderating effects of gender, family form, and ethnicity. Prior research has shown the influence of mother’s involvement on peer relationship quality but not of fathers. Further, previous studies did not examine moderation by family form, gender, or ethnicity. The sample consisted of 1359 students who identified their biological mother and father as the most influential parental figures in their lives. Their ages ranged from 18 to 26; Sixty–one percent of the sample was Hispanic, 13% non-Hispanic Black, 25% non-Hispanic White; 76% female and 70% from intact families. The analytical strategy included using bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling to examine these relationships.

All dimensions of maternal and paternal nurturing and involvement were positively related to positive characteristics of peer relationships, self-esteem and life satisfaction consistent with the multicultural findings of PARTheory (Rohner, Khalique, & Cournoyer, 2005). A structural model was developed that was able to adequately account for the relationship between parental influence, peer relationships, and psychosocial functioning. These effects of both maternal and paternal influence were strongly moderated by culture, family form, and gender. Finally, a differential effect was found among parental influence with fathers having a greater influence on friendship quality and importance than mothers, despite greater maternal involvement.

These findings have theoretical, clinical, and social implications as they call for a socially based theoretical perspective within which to study these relationships. Such a perspective would better inform clinicians when using impaired social functioning as indicative of axial diagnosis, and for the implementation of social policy to encourage paternal involvement.

Toxicology and applied …, Jan 1, 2004

Neurotoxicology, Jan 1, 2005

The Journal for Research and Practice in College Teaching, Nov 26, 2021

have been amazingly fortunate to have an advisor who guided me with care, patience, and constant ... more have been amazingly fortunate to have an advisor who guided me with care, patience, and constant needling. You have been a father to me, allowing me to grow and expand my wings while keeping my focus on the bottom line. I will be forever grateful for your mentorship.

Cultural Sociology of Divorce: An Encyclopedia, 2013

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2003

A quantitative analytical method was used to measure myelinated axon morphometric parameters (e.g... more A quantitative analytical method was used to measure myelinated axon morphometric parameters (e.g., axon area, ratio of axon area/fiber area, and index of circularity) in rat nervous tissue during intoxication with 2,5-hexanedione (HD). Parameters were assessed in nerve roots (dorsal and ventral) and in ascending (gracile fasciculus and spinocerebellar tract) and descending (corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts) spinal cord white matter

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2004

Quantitative morphometric analyses have demonstrated that axon atrophy is the primary neuropathic... more Quantitative morphometric analyses have demonstrated that axon atrophy is the primary neuropathic feature in the CNS and PNS of rats intoxicated with 2,5-hexanedione (HD). Axon caliber is maintained by the exchange of mobile neurofilament (NF) subunits with the stationary polymer and, therefore, HD might produce atrophy by disrupting cytoskeletal turnover. To evaluate this possibility, groups of rats were exposed to HD at dosing schedules (175 mg/kg  101 days or 400 mg/kg  26 days) that produced moderate levels of neurological deficits and prevalent axon atrophy in spinal cord white matter tracts. Lumbar spinal cord regions from HD-intoxicated rats and their agematched controls were Triton-extracted and separated by differential fractionation into a low-speed, insoluble pellet ( P 1 ) of NF polymer and a high-speed supernatant fraction (S 2 ), which presumably contained mobile monomer. Cytoskeletal protein contents (NF-L, -M, -H, and htubulin) in each fraction were determined by immunoblot analysis. Results show that regardless of HD dose-rate, the NF polymer in P 1 remained unaffected, although soluble monomer in the S 2 fraction was depleted significantly (60 -80% reduction). Fractional h-tubulin contents were inconsistently affected and abnormal higher-molecular-weight NF proteins were detected in the P 1 fraction only. Studies with antibodies directed against phosphorylated (RT97) and nonphosphorylated (SMI32) epitopes on NF-H and measurements of corresponding isoelectric range suggested that alterations in phosphorylation were not involved. The selective depletion of Triton-soluble protein suggested that HD adduction of NFs interfered with the dynamic interactions of the polymeric and mobile monomeric pools.

NeuroToxicology, 2005

Axon atrophy is the principle morphological feature of the peripheral neuropathy induced by 2,5-h... more Axon atrophy is the principle morphological feature of the peripheral neuropathy induced by 2,5-hexanedione (HD). Axon caliber is determined by a stationary neurofilamentous cytoskeleton that is maintained through dynamic interactions with mobile neurofilament (NF) subunits. To determine the effects of HD on the stationary and mobile NF pools, groups of rats were exposed to HD at dosing schedules (175 mg/kg  101 days or 400 mg/kg  26 days) that produced moderate levels of neurological deficits and, as assessed by previous studies, prevalent axon atrophy in peripheral nerve. Sciatic and tibial nerves from HD-intoxicated rats and their age-matched controls were triton-extracted and separated by differential centrifugation into a high-speed pellet (P 1 ) of NF polymer and a corresponding supernatant fraction (S 1 ), which presumably contained mobile monomer. Cytoskeletal proteins (NF-L, NF-M, NF-H and b-tubulin) in each fraction were determined by immunoblot analysis. Results show that regardless of HD dose-rate, triton-soluble NF subunits in the supernatant fractions were significantly reduced, whereas triton-insoluble proteins in the corresponding pellets were inconsistently affected. b-Tubulin also exhibited inconsistent fractional changes, while abnormal higher molecular weight NF proteins were detected primarily in the triton-insoluble fraction. Studies with antibodies directed against phosphorylated (RT97) and non-phosphorylated (SMI32) epitopes on NF-H did not reveal major changes in subunit phosphorylation. These results suggest that HD intoxication is primarily associated with depletion of soluble NF proteins, which could produce axon atrophy through disruption of cytoskeletal turnover and maintenance.

NeuroToxicology, 2002

This research was conducted to determine which neurological test or combination of tests can prov... more This research was conducted to determine which neurological test or combination of tests can provide sufficient functional information to compliment biochemical or morphological endpoints in mechanistic studies of toxic axonopathies. Using several neurological indices, we evaluated the effects of two prototypical neurotoxicants that cause distal axonopathy: acrylamide monomer (ACR) and 2,5-hexanedione (HD). For each toxicant, rats were exposed to two daily dosing rates (ACR, 50 mg/kg per day i.p. or 21 mg/kg per day, p.o.; HD, 175 or 400 mg/kg per day, p.o.) and neurological endpoints were determined two to three times per week. Specific tests included observations of spontaneous locomotion in an open field, and measurements of hindlimb landingfoot splay, forelimb and hindlimb grip strength and the hindlimb extensor thrust response. For all neurological parameters, the magnitude of defect induced by either neurotoxicant was not related to daily dose-rate, e.g. both the lower and higher ACR dose-rates produced the same degree of neurological dysfunction. Instead, dose-rate determined onset and progression of neurotoxicity, e.g. the higher ACR dose-rate produced moderate neurotoxicity after approximately 8 days of intoxication, whereas the lower dose-rate caused moderate neurotoxicity after 26 days. Regardless of dose-rate, ACR-exposed rats exhibited gait abnormalities (ataxia, splayed hindlimbs), in conjunction with increased landing hindfoot spread and decreased hindlimb grip strength and extensor thrust HD intoxicated rats exhibited hindlimb muscle weakness as indicated by a gait abnormality (dropped hocks) and decreases in grip strength and the extensor thrust response. However, hindlimb landingfoot spread was not affected by HD exposure. For both neurotoxicants, gait changes preceded or coincided with alterations in other neurologic indices. These results suggest that observations of spontaneous behavior in an open field represent a practical approach to assessing temporal development and extent of neurological dysfunction induced by axonopathic toxicants such as ACR and HD.

Culture, Society and Masculinities, 2010

Culture, Society and Masculinities, 2010

NeuroToxicology, 2005

Loss of axon caliber is a primary component of g-diketone neuropathy [LoPachin RM, DeCaprio AP. g... more Loss of axon caliber is a primary component of g-diketone neuropathy [LoPachin RM, DeCaprio AP. g-Diketone central neuropathy: axon atrophy and the role of cytoskeletal protein adduction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004;199:20-34]. It is possible that this effect is mediated by changes in the density of cytoskeletal components and corresponding spatial relationships. To examine this possibility, morphometric methods were used to quantify the effects of 2,5hexanedione (HD) intoxication on neurofilament-microtubule densities and nearest neighbor distances in myelinated rubrospinal axons. Rats were exposed to HD at one of two daily dose-rates (175 or 400 mg/kg per day, gavage) until a moderate level of neurotoxicity was achieved (99 or 21 days of intoxication, respectively) as determined by gait analysis and measurements of hindlimb grip strength. Results indicate that, regardless of dose-rate, HD intoxication did not cause changes in axonal neurofilament (NF) density, but did significantly increase microtubule (MT) density. No consistent alterations in interneurofilament or NF-MT distances were detected by ultrastructural morphometric analyses. These data suggest that the axon atrophy induced by HD was not mediated by major disruptions of stationary cytoskeletal organization. Recent biochemical studies of spinal cord from HD intoxicated rats showed that, although the NF protein content in the stationary cytoskeleton (polymer fraction) was not affected, the mobile subunit pool was depleted substantially [LoPachin RM, He D, Reid ML, Opanashuk LA. 2,5-Hexanedione-induced changes in the monomeric neurofilament protein content of rat spinal cord fractions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004;198:61-73]. The stability of the polymer fraction during HD intoxication is consistent with the absence of significant ultrastructural modifications noted in the present study. Together, these findings implicate loss of mobile NF proteins as the primary mechanism of axon atrophy.

Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 2003

This study examined peer relationships and psychosocial functioning as a function of maternal and... more This study examined peer relationships and psychosocial functioning as a function of maternal and paternal involvement and nurturance along with the moderating effects of gender, family form, and ethnicity. Prior research has shown the influence of mother’s involvement on peer relationship quality but not of fathers. Further, previous studies did not examine moderation by family form, gender, or ethnicity. The sample consisted of 1359 students who identified their biological mother and father as the most influential parental figures in their lives. Their ages ranged from 18 to 26; Sixty–one percent of the sample was Hispanic, 13% non-Hispanic Black, 25% non-Hispanic White; 76% female and 70% from intact families. The analytical strategy included using bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling to examine these relationships.

All dimensions of maternal and paternal nurturing and involvement were positively related to positive characteristics of peer relationships, self-esteem and life satisfaction consistent with the multicultural findings of PARTheory (Rohner, Khalique, & Cournoyer, 2005). A structural model was developed that was able to adequately account for the relationship between parental influence, peer relationships, and psychosocial functioning. These effects of both maternal and paternal influence were strongly moderated by culture, family form, and gender. Finally, a differential effect was found among parental influence with fathers having a greater influence on friendship quality and importance than mothers, despite greater maternal involvement.

These findings have theoretical, clinical, and social implications as they call for a socially based theoretical perspective within which to study these relationships. Such a perspective would better inform clinicians when using impaired social functioning as indicative of axial diagnosis, and for the implementation of social policy to encourage paternal involvement.

This study examined peer relationships and psychosocial functioning as a function of maternal and... more This study examined peer relationships and psychosocial functioning as a function of maternal and paternal involvement and nurturance along with the moderating effects of gender, family form, and ethnicity. Prior research has shown the influence of mother’s involvement on peer relationship quality but not of fathers. Further, previous studies did not examine moderation by family form, gender, or ethnicity. The sample consisted of 1359 students who identified their biological mother and father as the most influential parental figures in their lives. Their ages ranged from 18 to 26; Sixty–one percent of the sample was Hispanic, 13% non-Hispanic Black, 25% non-Hispanic White; 76% female and 70% from intact families. The analytical strategy included using bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling to examine these relationships.

All dimensions of maternal and paternal nurturing and involvement were positively related to positive characteristics of peer relationships, self-esteem and life satisfaction consistent with the multicultural findings of PARTheory (Rohner, Khalique, & Cournoyer, 2005). A structural model was developed that was able to adequately account for the relationship between parental influence, peer relationships, and psychosocial functioning. These effects of both maternal and paternal influence were strongly moderated by culture, family form, and gender. Finally, a differential effect was found among parental influence with fathers having a greater influence on friendship quality and importance than mothers, despite greater maternal involvement.

These findings have theoretical, clinical, and social implications as they call for a socially based theoretical perspective within which to study these relationships. Such a perspective would better inform clinicians when using impaired social functioning as indicative of axial diagnosis, and for the implementation of social policy to encourage paternal involvement.

Toxicology and applied …, Jan 1, 2004

Neurotoxicology, Jan 1, 2005