Anna Orchowska-Smolinska | Gdansk University of Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Anna Orchowska-Smolinska

Research paper thumbnail of The role and scope of architectural and conservation research procedures in the process of restoring the splendour of an architectural monument created after 1945 on the example of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia

Research paper thumbnail of Dworzec kolejowy w Gdyni - najmłodszy zabytek

Artykul dotyczy dworca kolejowego w Gdyni, zaprojektowanego przez Waclawa Tomaszewskiego, zbudowa... more Artykul dotyczy dworca kolejowego w Gdyni, zaprojektowanego przez Waclawa Tomaszewskiego, zbudowanego na przelomie lat 40. i 50. XX w., ktory zostal w 2008 r. objety ochrone jako zabytek - najmlodszy na terenie miasta. W 2010 r. rozpocząl sie kompleksowy remont budynku polączony z jego rewaloryzacją.

Research paper thumbnail of Architektura i układ przestrzenny portu gdyńskiego lat międzywojennych jako dziedzictwo kulturowe

Research paper thumbnail of Modernist Industrial Architecture and its Protection – the Port of Gdynia

Situated in northeastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port complex... more Situated in northeastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port complex is one of most interesting and architecturally rich complexes of modern industrial development. It was designed and constructed in just a dozen years or so in the 1920s and 1930s. The quality of technological and aesthetic solutions of industrial architecture of the Gdynia port became a symbol of technological progress and economic capabilities of that time. The construction project tantamount to building the Polish "gateway to the world" was a national priority, and for its architects the space of the newly-created port was a natural testing ground for their artistic creativity, where they could introduce new aesthetic and architectural trends. The marvel of port of Gdynia construction The Polish Government decided to build a port on the land recuperated after World War I in order to provide the country, recovering from many years of subjection, with the freedom of foreign trade and international cooperation 1 .

Research paper thumbnail of Problemy mieszkaniowe w budującej się Gdyni, "mieście poszukiwaczy złota

Housing Problems in Gdynia, so called "City of Gold Seekers", while the City has being built. Gdy... more Housing Problems in Gdynia, so called "City of Gold Seekers", while the City has being built. Gdynia as well as the national large scale port were built completely from scratch in the course of only several years between 1923 and 1939, and were also one of the largest investment enterprises in Poland of that time. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the research on the aspects of the signifi cant need for housing in Gdynia during the interwar period which led people with low income to build several poverty neighborhoods on their own on the city's outskirts. Most of the premises in the so called poverty-stricken districts were build with construction materials collected from the waste. The discussed issues aim at a better recognition of the poverty neighborhoods of Gdynia from the interwar period and nowadays situation of the sites where they were located. Keywords: Company houses, Gdynia, interwar period, issues of house building problems, port of Gdynia, poverty neighbourhoods. Pustynia czy miasto, czy też jedno i drugie? Coś tu powstaje, coś się tworzy. Oto powstała nagle jakaś ulica, tam dopiero się tworzy, gdzie indziej kilka powstających domów zwiastuje jej utworzenie. Obok maleńkich chatek rybackich potężne budowle. Piękne wille przy skromnych barakach.

Research paper thumbnail of Gdyńskie chłodnie portowe -studium przypadku przemysłowej architektury portowej okresu modernizmu

Wprowadzenie Chłodnie składowe, to specyficzne budowle architektury przemysłowej, wznoszone specj... more Wprowadzenie Chłodnie składowe, to specyficzne budowle architektury przemysłowej, wznoszone specjalnie w celu zapewnienia przechowywanym w nich towarom temperatur niższych od otoczenia. Wznoszono je od połowy XIX wieku w dużych miastach i ośrodkach obrotu produktami spożywczymi 1. Od początku cechowały się dużą innowacyjnością. Z punktu widzenia architektury, obiekty te wyróżniało szereg cech charakterystycznych, zarówno pod względem formy zewnętrznej, programu funkcjonalnego, jak również typowego dla siebie usytuowania. Światowymi przykładami realizacji chłodni w końcu XIX i w pierwszej połowie XX wieku są takie miasta jak: Londyn (Central Cold Store, The Canadian Cold Store), Chicago (Fulton Market Cold Storage, Central Cold Storage Warehouse), Kansas City (Cold Storage Company Building), czy Berlin (Kühlhausanlage). Budowę chłodni przewidywano również w dużych, międzynarodowych portach, będących węzłami komunikacyjnymi łączącymi ważne szlaki morskie i drogi lądowe. W drugiej połowie XIX wieku, pod wpływem gwałtownego rozwoju nauki i techniki (w tym także techniki okrętowej)-zwanego niekiedy drugą rewolucją przemysłową-modernizowano i rozbudowywano już istniejące porty 2 bądź budowano nowe. W rezultacie tych zmian radykalnie zwiększyły się możliwości obrotu towarowego w transporcie morskim. Nowoczesne statki zaczęto wyposażać w komory posiadające mechaniczne chłodzenie za pomocą 10

Research paper thumbnail of The role and scope of architectural and conservation research procedures in the process of restoring the splendour of an architectural monument created after 1945 on the example of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia

Architectus, 2022

Modern Movement buildings, despite their relatively recent construction, are sometimes affected b... more Modern Movement buildings, despite their relatively recent construction, are sometimes affected by radical transformations of layout and form. The railway stations being one of the most important public buildings in the city are a special group of them. Due to long-term and intensive use they may bear the signs of exploitation of parts of its substance and have secondary transformations disharmony with the building. The subject of the article are architectural and conservation studies of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia, built in the mid-1950s. The authors of the article set themselves the goal of presenting the research procedures developed for it in the years 2016–2022, which are an introduction to revaluation process. The research methods used during the field work made it possible to identify the originally used techniques of execution and finishing methods and to determine the procedures for their reconstruction using conservation methods. The results of the conducted research became the basis for determining the scope of conservation protection of the station building, as well as the possibility of interfering with its partly “functionless” substance through adaptation and modernization activities.

Research paper thumbnail of Interdisciplinary research as a form of monument protection and preparation for the investment process on the example of the former Gdańsk Shipyard complex

Architecus, 2022

The multi-layered heritage of many industrial plants operating until the end of the 20th century ... more The multi-layered heritage of many industrial plants operating until the end of the 20th century creates a particular challenge for conservators, designers and investors. In the process of protecting its values, displaying qualities and managing the property, it is necessary to recognize a wider transformation of technology of the entire plant and the individual functions of its buildings, as well as the context of intangible heritage. An example of this type of complex historical building is the former Gdańsk Shipyard. The subject of the article is an interdisciplinary study of the shipyard complex, during which a research method based on several scales of analysis (in relation to the city, the complex and the facility) was developed. It was based on an in-depth recognition of the shipyard's operation in the 1970s and 1980s, which, due to workers' strikes in the plant and the establishment of NSZZ "Solidarność", had a special impact on constitutionalizing its property status to outstanding values. The authors set themselves the goal of presenting the results of a detailed study of the cultural resources of the shipyard, which included specialists from the shipbuilding industry historically associated with this particular industrial plant. As a result, multi-faceted conservation guidelines were created to set the framework for the protection of the shipyard's cultural resources, conduct conservation and investment works on its premises (material and color template). The summary shows the possibilities of using the presented model of research activities in connection with design activities using the example of an industrial facility prepared for the investment process (former Main Warehouse, the so-called U-Boat Hall).

Research paper thumbnail of Problemy mieszkaniowe w budującej się Gdyni,"mieście poszukiwaczy złota

Research paper thumbnail of Modernist Industrial Architecture and its Protection – the Port of Gdynia

Situated in north-eastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port comple... more Situated in north-eastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port complex is one of most interesting and architecturally rich complexes of modern industrial development. It was designed and constructed in just a dozen years or so in the 1920s and 1930s. The quality of technological and aesthetic solutions of industrial architecture of the Gdynia port became a symbol of technological progress and economic capabilities of that time. The construction project tantamount to building the Polish “gateway to the world” was a national priority, and for its architects the space of the newly-created port was a natural testing ground for their artistic creativity, where they could introduce new aesthetic and architectural trends.

Research paper thumbnail of Gdyńskie chłodnie portowe -studium przypadku przemysłowej architektury portowej okresu modernizmu

Modernizm w Europie. Modernizm w Gdyni, 2019

Chłodnie składowe, to specyficzne budowle architektury przemysłowej, wznoszone specjalnie w celu ... more Chłodnie składowe, to specyficzne budowle architektury przemysłowej, wznoszone specjalnie w celu zapewnienia przechowywanym w nich towarom temperatur niższych od otoczenia. Wznoszono je od połowy XIX wieku w dużych miastach i ośrodkach obrotu produktami spożywczymi 1. Od początku cechowały się dużą innowacyjnością. Z punktu widzenia architektury, obiekty te wyróżniało szereg cech charakterystycznych, zarówno pod względem formy zewnętrznej, programu funkcjonalnego, jak również typowego dla siebie usytuowania. Światowymi przykładami realizacji chłodni w końcu XIX i w pierwszej połowie XX wieku są takie miasta jak: Londyn (Central Cold Store, The Canadian Cold Store), Chicago (Fulton Market Cold Storage, Central Cold Storage Warehouse), Kansas City (Cold Storage Company Building), czy Berlin (Kühlhausanlage). Budowę chłodni przewidywano również w dużych, międzynarodowych portach, będących węzłami komunikacyjnymi łączącymi ważne szlaki morskie i drogi lądowe. W drugiej połowie XIX wieku, pod wpływem gwałtownego rozwoju nauki i techniki (w tym także techniki okrętowej)-zwanego niekiedy drugą rewolucją przemysłową-modernizowano i rozbudowywano już istniejące porty 2 bądź budowano nowe. W rezultacie tych zmian radykalnie zwiększyły się możliwości obrotu towarowego w transporcie morskim.

Research paper thumbnail of MODERNIST, I920S AND I930S INDUS I RIAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE PORT OF GDYNIA - IN SEARCH OF AN AESTHETIC LANGUAGE FOR UTILITARIAN BUILDINGS OF THE POLISH GATEWAY TO THE WORLD

SGEM Social Sciences and Arts, 2016

The purpose of the article is to present the results of the research on the aspects of the Port o... more The purpose of the article is to present the results of the research on the aspects of the Port ofGdynia modernist architecture aesthetics. Its construction was one of the two major projects carried out in the interwar period in Poland. In the course of analyses it has been attempted to answer the question whether an individual aesthetic language has been created in the 1920s and 1930s for the industrial architecture of the Polish port. The basis for the characteristics is the comparative analysis of the archival design documentation and photographs, presenting the designers' ideas and the buildings' condition soon after their construction. The background of the analyses were the changes taking place in architecture in the first half o f the 20th century. Mainly of industrial character, the port complex has been filled with buildings in which purely utilitarian elements are predominant, but a deeper analysis has also proved a broad aesthetic dimension of this architecture. The examples of facades and interiors have shown a wide range of stylistic measures, both universal for the modernism period, as well as ones dedicated to the Gdynia's port architecture. The discussed issues aim at a better recognition of the Port o f Gdynia, which is a significant part of the national cultural heritage.

Research paper thumbnail of Problemy mieszkaniowe w budującej się Gdyni, „mieście poszukiwaczy złota”

Studia KPZK, 2017

Housing Problems in Gdynia, so called "City of Gold Seekers", while the City has being built. Gdy... more Housing Problems in Gdynia, so called "City of Gold Seekers", while the City has being built. Gdynia as well as the national large scale port were built completely from scratch in the course of only several years between 1923 and 1939, and were also one of the largest investment enterprises in Poland of that time. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the research on the aspects of the signifi cant need for housing in Gdynia during the interwar period which led people with low income to build several poverty neighborhoods on their own on the city's outskirts. Most of the premises in the so called poverty-stricken districts were build with construction materials collected from the waste. The discussed issues aim at a better recognition of the poverty neighborhoods of Gdynia from the interwar period and nowadays situation of the sites where they were located.

Research paper thumbnail of Modernist Industrial Architecture and its Protection – the Port of Gdynia

"Architecture of 1920s and 1930s and Its Protection", 2009

Situated in north-eastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port comple... more Situated in north-eastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port complex is one of most interesting and architecturally rich complexes of modern industrial development. It was designed and constructed in just a dozen years or so in the 1920s and 1930s. The quality of technological and aesthetic solutions of industrial architecture of the Gdynia port became a symbol of technological progress and economic capabilities of that time. The construction project tantamount to building the Polish “gateway to the world” was a national priority, and for its architects the space of the newly-created port was a natural testing ground for their artistic creativity, where they could introduce new aesthetic and architectural trends.

Research paper thumbnail of Rewaloryzacja wnętrza modernistycznego i soc-modernistycznego w Gdyni

„Architektura pierwszej połowy XX w. i jej ochrona w Gdyni i w Europie”, 2011

Staranne opracowanie reprezentacyjnych wnętrz obiektów użyteczności publicznej, handlowych czy ka... more Staranne opracowanie reprezentacyjnych wnętrz obiektów użyteczności publicznej, handlowych czy kamienic było w okresie międzywojennym ważnym zadaniem każdego szanującego swoją sztukę architekta. Oprócz ciekawego i funkcjonalnego rozwiązania układu oraz współgrającego wystroju plastycznego na etapie projektu, autor zazwyczaj dbał o doprowadzenie realizacji swojego zamysłu do ostatniego detalu. Dopiero całość rozwiązania estetycznego dawała kompletny obraz autorskiego dzieła architektonicznego. Składało się na nie oprócz aranżacji przestrzennej, doboru kolorystyki, wyprawy czy okładziny ścian i posadzek, także stolarka, wystrój klatek schodowych, oświetlenie i szereg nierzadko wyjątkowych detali.

Research paper thumbnail of Modernistyczna architektura przemysłowa i jej ochrona - na przykładzie portu gdyńskiego

Modernizm w Europie, modernizm w Gdyni : architektura lat międzywojennych i jej ochrona strony, 2009

Ochrona międzywojennej architektury przemysłowej na tak specyficznym obszarze jak funkcjonujący p... more Ochrona międzywojennej architektury przemysłowej na tak specyficznym obszarze jak funkcjonujący port morski, jest zadaniem trudnym - niezbędne są kompromisy pomiędzy względami konserwatorskimi i użytkowymi. Artykuł prezentuje architekturę portu gdyńskiego oraz złożoną problematykę jej ochrony konserwatorskiej.

Research paper thumbnail of The role and scope of architectural and conservation research procedures in the process of restoring the splendour of an architectural monument created after 1945 on the example of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia

Research paper thumbnail of Dworzec kolejowy w Gdyni - najmłodszy zabytek

Artykul dotyczy dworca kolejowego w Gdyni, zaprojektowanego przez Waclawa Tomaszewskiego, zbudowa... more Artykul dotyczy dworca kolejowego w Gdyni, zaprojektowanego przez Waclawa Tomaszewskiego, zbudowanego na przelomie lat 40. i 50. XX w., ktory zostal w 2008 r. objety ochrone jako zabytek - najmlodszy na terenie miasta. W 2010 r. rozpocząl sie kompleksowy remont budynku polączony z jego rewaloryzacją.

Research paper thumbnail of Architektura i układ przestrzenny portu gdyńskiego lat międzywojennych jako dziedzictwo kulturowe

Research paper thumbnail of Modernist Industrial Architecture and its Protection – the Port of Gdynia

Situated in northeastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port complex... more Situated in northeastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port complex is one of most interesting and architecturally rich complexes of modern industrial development. It was designed and constructed in just a dozen years or so in the 1920s and 1930s. The quality of technological and aesthetic solutions of industrial architecture of the Gdynia port became a symbol of technological progress and economic capabilities of that time. The construction project tantamount to building the Polish "gateway to the world" was a national priority, and for its architects the space of the newly-created port was a natural testing ground for their artistic creativity, where they could introduce new aesthetic and architectural trends. The marvel of port of Gdynia construction The Polish Government decided to build a port on the land recuperated after World War I in order to provide the country, recovering from many years of subjection, with the freedom of foreign trade and international cooperation 1 .

Research paper thumbnail of Problemy mieszkaniowe w budującej się Gdyni, "mieście poszukiwaczy złota

Housing Problems in Gdynia, so called "City of Gold Seekers", while the City has being built. Gdy... more Housing Problems in Gdynia, so called "City of Gold Seekers", while the City has being built. Gdynia as well as the national large scale port were built completely from scratch in the course of only several years between 1923 and 1939, and were also one of the largest investment enterprises in Poland of that time. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the research on the aspects of the signifi cant need for housing in Gdynia during the interwar period which led people with low income to build several poverty neighborhoods on their own on the city's outskirts. Most of the premises in the so called poverty-stricken districts were build with construction materials collected from the waste. The discussed issues aim at a better recognition of the poverty neighborhoods of Gdynia from the interwar period and nowadays situation of the sites where they were located. Keywords: Company houses, Gdynia, interwar period, issues of house building problems, port of Gdynia, poverty neighbourhoods. Pustynia czy miasto, czy też jedno i drugie? Coś tu powstaje, coś się tworzy. Oto powstała nagle jakaś ulica, tam dopiero się tworzy, gdzie indziej kilka powstających domów zwiastuje jej utworzenie. Obok maleńkich chatek rybackich potężne budowle. Piękne wille przy skromnych barakach.

Research paper thumbnail of Gdyńskie chłodnie portowe -studium przypadku przemysłowej architektury portowej okresu modernizmu

Wprowadzenie Chłodnie składowe, to specyficzne budowle architektury przemysłowej, wznoszone specj... more Wprowadzenie Chłodnie składowe, to specyficzne budowle architektury przemysłowej, wznoszone specjalnie w celu zapewnienia przechowywanym w nich towarom temperatur niższych od otoczenia. Wznoszono je od połowy XIX wieku w dużych miastach i ośrodkach obrotu produktami spożywczymi 1. Od początku cechowały się dużą innowacyjnością. Z punktu widzenia architektury, obiekty te wyróżniało szereg cech charakterystycznych, zarówno pod względem formy zewnętrznej, programu funkcjonalnego, jak również typowego dla siebie usytuowania. Światowymi przykładami realizacji chłodni w końcu XIX i w pierwszej połowie XX wieku są takie miasta jak: Londyn (Central Cold Store, The Canadian Cold Store), Chicago (Fulton Market Cold Storage, Central Cold Storage Warehouse), Kansas City (Cold Storage Company Building), czy Berlin (Kühlhausanlage). Budowę chłodni przewidywano również w dużych, międzynarodowych portach, będących węzłami komunikacyjnymi łączącymi ważne szlaki morskie i drogi lądowe. W drugiej połowie XIX wieku, pod wpływem gwałtownego rozwoju nauki i techniki (w tym także techniki okrętowej)-zwanego niekiedy drugą rewolucją przemysłową-modernizowano i rozbudowywano już istniejące porty 2 bądź budowano nowe. W rezultacie tych zmian radykalnie zwiększyły się możliwości obrotu towarowego w transporcie morskim. Nowoczesne statki zaczęto wyposażać w komory posiadające mechaniczne chłodzenie za pomocą 10

Research paper thumbnail of The role and scope of architectural and conservation research procedures in the process of restoring the splendour of an architectural monument created after 1945 on the example of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia

Architectus, 2022

Modern Movement buildings, despite their relatively recent construction, are sometimes affected b... more Modern Movement buildings, despite their relatively recent construction, are sometimes affected by radical transformations of layout and form. The railway stations being one of the most important public buildings in the city are a special group of them. Due to long-term and intensive use they may bear the signs of exploitation of parts of its substance and have secondary transformations disharmony with the building. The subject of the article are architectural and conservation studies of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia, built in the mid-1950s. The authors of the article set themselves the goal of presenting the research procedures developed for it in the years 2016–2022, which are an introduction to revaluation process. The research methods used during the field work made it possible to identify the originally used techniques of execution and finishing methods and to determine the procedures for their reconstruction using conservation methods. The results of the conducted research became the basis for determining the scope of conservation protection of the station building, as well as the possibility of interfering with its partly “functionless” substance through adaptation and modernization activities.

Research paper thumbnail of Interdisciplinary research as a form of monument protection and preparation for the investment process on the example of the former Gdańsk Shipyard complex

Architecus, 2022

The multi-layered heritage of many industrial plants operating until the end of the 20th century ... more The multi-layered heritage of many industrial plants operating until the end of the 20th century creates a particular challenge for conservators, designers and investors. In the process of protecting its values, displaying qualities and managing the property, it is necessary to recognize a wider transformation of technology of the entire plant and the individual functions of its buildings, as well as the context of intangible heritage. An example of this type of complex historical building is the former Gdańsk Shipyard. The subject of the article is an interdisciplinary study of the shipyard complex, during which a research method based on several scales of analysis (in relation to the city, the complex and the facility) was developed. It was based on an in-depth recognition of the shipyard's operation in the 1970s and 1980s, which, due to workers' strikes in the plant and the establishment of NSZZ "Solidarność", had a special impact on constitutionalizing its property status to outstanding values. The authors set themselves the goal of presenting the results of a detailed study of the cultural resources of the shipyard, which included specialists from the shipbuilding industry historically associated with this particular industrial plant. As a result, multi-faceted conservation guidelines were created to set the framework for the protection of the shipyard's cultural resources, conduct conservation and investment works on its premises (material and color template). The summary shows the possibilities of using the presented model of research activities in connection with design activities using the example of an industrial facility prepared for the investment process (former Main Warehouse, the so-called U-Boat Hall).

Research paper thumbnail of Problemy mieszkaniowe w budującej się Gdyni,"mieście poszukiwaczy złota

Research paper thumbnail of Modernist Industrial Architecture and its Protection – the Port of Gdynia

Situated in north-eastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port comple... more Situated in north-eastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port complex is one of most interesting and architecturally rich complexes of modern industrial development. It was designed and constructed in just a dozen years or so in the 1920s and 1930s. The quality of technological and aesthetic solutions of industrial architecture of the Gdynia port became a symbol of technological progress and economic capabilities of that time. The construction project tantamount to building the Polish “gateway to the world” was a national priority, and for its architects the space of the newly-created port was a natural testing ground for their artistic creativity, where they could introduce new aesthetic and architectural trends.

Research paper thumbnail of Gdyńskie chłodnie portowe -studium przypadku przemysłowej architektury portowej okresu modernizmu

Modernizm w Europie. Modernizm w Gdyni, 2019

Chłodnie składowe, to specyficzne budowle architektury przemysłowej, wznoszone specjalnie w celu ... more Chłodnie składowe, to specyficzne budowle architektury przemysłowej, wznoszone specjalnie w celu zapewnienia przechowywanym w nich towarom temperatur niższych od otoczenia. Wznoszono je od połowy XIX wieku w dużych miastach i ośrodkach obrotu produktami spożywczymi 1. Od początku cechowały się dużą innowacyjnością. Z punktu widzenia architektury, obiekty te wyróżniało szereg cech charakterystycznych, zarówno pod względem formy zewnętrznej, programu funkcjonalnego, jak również typowego dla siebie usytuowania. Światowymi przykładami realizacji chłodni w końcu XIX i w pierwszej połowie XX wieku są takie miasta jak: Londyn (Central Cold Store, The Canadian Cold Store), Chicago (Fulton Market Cold Storage, Central Cold Storage Warehouse), Kansas City (Cold Storage Company Building), czy Berlin (Kühlhausanlage). Budowę chłodni przewidywano również w dużych, międzynarodowych portach, będących węzłami komunikacyjnymi łączącymi ważne szlaki morskie i drogi lądowe. W drugiej połowie XIX wieku, pod wpływem gwałtownego rozwoju nauki i techniki (w tym także techniki okrętowej)-zwanego niekiedy drugą rewolucją przemysłową-modernizowano i rozbudowywano już istniejące porty 2 bądź budowano nowe. W rezultacie tych zmian radykalnie zwiększyły się możliwości obrotu towarowego w transporcie morskim.

Research paper thumbnail of MODERNIST, I920S AND I930S INDUS I RIAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE PORT OF GDYNIA - IN SEARCH OF AN AESTHETIC LANGUAGE FOR UTILITARIAN BUILDINGS OF THE POLISH GATEWAY TO THE WORLD

SGEM Social Sciences and Arts, 2016

The purpose of the article is to present the results of the research on the aspects of the Port o... more The purpose of the article is to present the results of the research on the aspects of the Port ofGdynia modernist architecture aesthetics. Its construction was one of the two major projects carried out in the interwar period in Poland. In the course of analyses it has been attempted to answer the question whether an individual aesthetic language has been created in the 1920s and 1930s for the industrial architecture of the Polish port. The basis for the characteristics is the comparative analysis of the archival design documentation and photographs, presenting the designers' ideas and the buildings' condition soon after their construction. The background of the analyses were the changes taking place in architecture in the first half o f the 20th century. Mainly of industrial character, the port complex has been filled with buildings in which purely utilitarian elements are predominant, but a deeper analysis has also proved a broad aesthetic dimension of this architecture. The examples of facades and interiors have shown a wide range of stylistic measures, both universal for the modernism period, as well as ones dedicated to the Gdynia's port architecture. The discussed issues aim at a better recognition of the Port o f Gdynia, which is a significant part of the national cultural heritage.

Research paper thumbnail of Problemy mieszkaniowe w budującej się Gdyni, „mieście poszukiwaczy złota”

Studia KPZK, 2017

Housing Problems in Gdynia, so called "City of Gold Seekers", while the City has being built. Gdy... more Housing Problems in Gdynia, so called "City of Gold Seekers", while the City has being built. Gdynia as well as the national large scale port were built completely from scratch in the course of only several years between 1923 and 1939, and were also one of the largest investment enterprises in Poland of that time. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the research on the aspects of the signifi cant need for housing in Gdynia during the interwar period which led people with low income to build several poverty neighborhoods on their own on the city's outskirts. Most of the premises in the so called poverty-stricken districts were build with construction materials collected from the waste. The discussed issues aim at a better recognition of the poverty neighborhoods of Gdynia from the interwar period and nowadays situation of the sites where they were located.

Research paper thumbnail of Modernist Industrial Architecture and its Protection – the Port of Gdynia

"Architecture of 1920s and 1930s and Its Protection", 2009

Situated in north-eastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port comple... more Situated in north-eastern Gdynia and covering an area of 500 hectares, the commercial port complex is one of most interesting and architecturally rich complexes of modern industrial development. It was designed and constructed in just a dozen years or so in the 1920s and 1930s. The quality of technological and aesthetic solutions of industrial architecture of the Gdynia port became a symbol of technological progress and economic capabilities of that time. The construction project tantamount to building the Polish “gateway to the world” was a national priority, and for its architects the space of the newly-created port was a natural testing ground for their artistic creativity, where they could introduce new aesthetic and architectural trends.

Research paper thumbnail of Rewaloryzacja wnętrza modernistycznego i soc-modernistycznego w Gdyni

„Architektura pierwszej połowy XX w. i jej ochrona w Gdyni i w Europie”, 2011

Staranne opracowanie reprezentacyjnych wnętrz obiektów użyteczności publicznej, handlowych czy ka... more Staranne opracowanie reprezentacyjnych wnętrz obiektów użyteczności publicznej, handlowych czy kamienic było w okresie międzywojennym ważnym zadaniem każdego szanującego swoją sztukę architekta. Oprócz ciekawego i funkcjonalnego rozwiązania układu oraz współgrającego wystroju plastycznego na etapie projektu, autor zazwyczaj dbał o doprowadzenie realizacji swojego zamysłu do ostatniego detalu. Dopiero całość rozwiązania estetycznego dawała kompletny obraz autorskiego dzieła architektonicznego. Składało się na nie oprócz aranżacji przestrzennej, doboru kolorystyki, wyprawy czy okładziny ścian i posadzek, także stolarka, wystrój klatek schodowych, oświetlenie i szereg nierzadko wyjątkowych detali.

Research paper thumbnail of Modernistyczna architektura przemysłowa i jej ochrona - na przykładzie portu gdyńskiego

Modernizm w Europie, modernizm w Gdyni : architektura lat międzywojennych i jej ochrona strony, 2009

Ochrona międzywojennej architektury przemysłowej na tak specyficznym obszarze jak funkcjonujący p... more Ochrona międzywojennej architektury przemysłowej na tak specyficznym obszarze jak funkcjonujący port morski, jest zadaniem trudnym - niezbędne są kompromisy pomiędzy względami konserwatorskimi i użytkowymi. Artykuł prezentuje architekturę portu gdyńskiego oraz złożoną problematykę jej ochrony konserwatorskiej.