Peter Ohly | GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences

Papers by Peter Ohly

Social Science Computer Review, Apr 1, 1993

Social science data are mainly understood as rectangular case-by-variable data sets that will be ... more Social science data are mainly understood as rectangular case-by-variable data sets that will be analyzed statistically on the basis of an individual epistemology. On the other hand, interpretation methods focus on single cases that are treated as typical examples. Knowledge-based systems are suited for processing expert strategies together with real-world facts. Thus we find suggestions for expert systems not only for social decision support and methodological advice but also for integration of theoretical research results, explanation of nonmeasured causal factors, and selection and interpretation of individual or composite cases. An example of the latter is Akcess, a system that analyzes bibliographic data on the social science community by means of network knowledge. Keywords: knowledge-based systems, expert systems, social research, data analysis, hermeneutics.

Our research shows the use of the mobile phone that consolidates the relationship between veterin... more Our research shows the use of the mobile phone that consolidates the relationship between veterinarians, and that between breeders and veterinarians. On the other hand it asserts that the tool in question is a means of economic development. The results of our survey reveal a positive return to the veterinary community, which shows that the mobile phone has become an effective means of sustainable development through the transfer of a rapid and punctual information inheritance via social networks; including many Internet applications. Our results show that almost all veterinarians use the mobile phone for interprofessional communication. We therefore believe that the use of the mobile phone by livestock operators has greatly improved the working conditions, just as the use of this tool contributes to a better management of the exploitation as long as it allows limit travel but also save time. These results show that we are witnessing a growth in the use of mobile telephony technologi...

Arbeit in einer alternden Gesellschaft, 2003

Der Trend zum fruhen Ubergang in den Ruhestand wurde lange Zeit von einer Interessenkoalition aus... more Der Trend zum fruhen Ubergang in den Ruhestand wurde lange Zeit von einer Interessenkoalition aus Arbeitnehmern und Arbeitgebern sowie Gewerkschaften und Politik getragen. Bei hinreichender materieller Absicherung wunscht offenbar ein nicht geringer Teil der Arbeitnehmer eine moglichst fruhe Beendigung der Erwerbsphase. Auch die Arbeitgeber finden mit der Fruhverrentung eine weitgehend sozial akzeptierte und haufig betriebswirtschaftlich vorteilhafte Moglichkeit zur Personalanpassung. Die Gewerkschaften versprechen sich vom fruhen Ruhestand eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualitat fur die Arbeitnehmer und die Politik, die zahlreiche Fruhausgliederungspfade geschaffen und dafur teilweise die Sozialversicherungen instrumentalisiert hat, eine Entlastung des Arbeitsmarkts — auch im Interesse der Beschaftigungsmoglichkeiten der jungeren Generationen.

Globalisierung im Fokus von Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, 2011

Es werden an Hand einer deutschen sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenbank uber 12.000 Publikationen zu... more Es werden an Hand einer deutschen sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenbank uber 12.000 Publikationen zu globalen Themen aus den Jahren 1945-2008 untersucht. Im zeitlichen Verlauf zeigt sich ein teilweise unterbrochener kontinuierlicher Anstieg der Publikationszahlen. Eine genauere Untersuchung der Autoren gibt ihren Stellenwert im Zeitverlauf wie auch ihre Kooperationsmuster (Ko-Autorenschaften) wieder. Es lassen sich zwar einige produktive Autoren feststellen, aber keine klaren Zentren bestimmen. Auch bei der Untersuchung der Themenkreise ist Globalisierung und die altere Thematik Weltwirtschaft wenig spezifisch orientiert.

Handbuch Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung, 2014

Bereits im Planungsstadium eines Forschungsvorhabens ist es wichtig, dass man die Forschungsergeb... more Bereits im Planungsstadium eines Forschungsvorhabens ist es wichtig, dass man die Forschungsergebnisse auf dem untersuchten Gebiet kennt. Zum einen sollten bereits geklarte Fragestellungen nicht erneut aufgegriffen werden, andererseits muss, gerade in den Sozialwissenschaften, das bereits Erforschte oft in anderen zeitlichen und raumlichen Settings erneut abgesichert werden. Auch um Wissen zu produzieren, benotigt man selbst bereits Wissen, z.B. Theorien, Werkzeuge zur Auswertung von Daten und naturlich Informationen, Daten und Statistiken uber soziale Phanomene. Mit der zunehmenden internationalen und interdisziplinaren Ausrichtung der Forschung ist eine professionelle Recherche in und die Zulieferung zu fachlichen Informationsdatenbanken unabdingbar (siehe Abb. 5.1; Kaminsky 1977, Kuhlen 1989).

Informations- und Wissensverarbeitung in den Sozialwissenschaften, 1994

Im Gegensatz zu Diagnose-, Fertigungs- und Verwaltungsbereichen finden in den Sozialwissenschafte... more Im Gegensatz zu Diagnose-, Fertigungs- und Verwaltungsbereichen finden in den Sozialwissenschaften Kunstliche Intelligenz bzw. Expertensysteme oder Wissensbasierung nur wenig Resonanz als Hilfsmittel zur sozialwissenschaftlichen Wissenssteuerung. Das Expertensysteme nicht als Ersatz menschlicher Intelligenz gewertet werden konnen (siehe Streitberg 1988), soll hier nicht thematisiert werden. “Wissensautomatisierung” soll als weitgehend computerunterstutzte Vorgehensweise verstanden werden, welche Wissen speichert, ordnet, zusammenfuhrt oder neu generiert. Objektorientierte Verarbeitung, Lernfahigkeit, Einbezug heuristischen Wissens soll nicht notwendig gegeben sein.

Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society, 2016

We analyzed over 12,000 publications on global issues ('globality') from the years 1945-2008, usi... more We analyzed over 12,000 publications on global issues ('globality') from the years 1945-2008, using literature references in a German social science database. Methodologically this study applies network analysis on document descriptors in combination with main document categories, what permits the visualization of thematic changes in the light of some stable concepts. During the whole period a partially interrupted continuous increase in the number of publications is shown. The breakdown in certain time periods reveals some shift in the understanding of global issues, though there is little specific orientation. An analysis of the authors gives their activity and cooperation over time. There seem to be no general research centers, but rather smaller groups of critical scientists.

years ago knowledge organization, the develop- ment of scientific concepts and arrangements, has ... more years ago knowledge organization, the develop- ment of scientific concepts and arrangements, has been seen as a logical and thus universal problem. Older approaches accordingly see areas of knowledge as naturally given and organically grown. At latest with the constructivism has entered a 'turn', which sees knowledge organization as a social con- vention and accordingly regards universal standards skeptical. Simultaneously in the sciences came up a stronger concern with historical and sociological stud- ies of its foundations and in philosophy of science the return to different kinds of relativizations has gained more importance. In this paper, some single classical sociological positions are discussed, conclusions are drawn for knowledge and information as well as for science and knowledge organization and objections are designated.

On the 13th conference of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) 2014 in Kra... more On the 13th conference of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) 2014 in Krakow a panel was held on ‘The Future of Knowledge Organi-zation and ISKO’. Here a synopsis with additional information and more dense presentation is given by a panelist. The main items were: What is knowledge organization (KO)? What will be the most challenging for ISKO and KO in the future? What is your ideal picture of ISKO and KO of the future? The results were inter alia that to ameliorate its standing not only the fundamentals have to be worked out but also its diverse application fields and openness to new ob-jects and methods.

Quality is a crucial factor for ensuring acceptance of information services among different user ... more Quality is a crucial factor for ensuring acceptance of information services among different user groups. The steadily growing amount of data incorporated in the GESIS SocioGuide can not be managed solely by intellectual means, but relying only on automatic evaluation is often not what is desired of a high standard. In order to meet the diverse requirements (high quality and a multitude of resources) we choose a strategy of semi-automatic quality control. Here we describe some principles and routines of guaranteeing documentary quality in the application field of social science with respect to the subject gateway GESIS SocioGuide based on DBClear system software. Practical components of this quality assurance workflow are: Searching new data, editorial qualitative vs. automated validation, suggestions by users, decentralized workflow.

The objective of this work is to uncover the scientific and technical production of researchers a... more The objective of this work is to uncover the scientific and technical production of researchers and their preferred partnership type in research projects for innovative development. Our study discusses the new information devices, such as social networking. So, it focuses on social media communication tools between researchers and practitioners in the AgriFood sector. The control of information becomes more and more important and thus is essential for the competitive advantage for the global knowledge-based economy. This leads to the creation of competitive advantages. In this context, platforms are means that provide access to resources and facilitate interaction between partners in a collective innovation process.

espanolLa falta de una memoria estructurada y visible que apoye la estrategia argelina de potenci... more espanolLa falta de una memoria estructurada y visible que apoye la estrategia argelina de potenciamiento del conocimiento profesional y la investigacion agronomica, junto con el fraccionamiento del mapa de las empresas e instituciones de investigacion especializadas en el tema dificultan la puesta en valor de la produccion cientifica disponible y de los centros de competencia. Por lo tanto, el proposito de este estudio es pensar en como hacer visibles los resultados de la investigacion cientifica argelina para promover la mejora de la produccion agricula y el desarrollo economico. Con el objetivo de conocer mejor las necesidades y requerimientos de dicho sistema, se realizaron dos encuestas entre los investigadores y profesionales de Argelia en 2008 y 2010. Los resultados de los dos estudios recomiendan incrementar los vinculos entre el sector economico y la investigacion, y establecer un sistema de informacion con el fin de compartir conocimientos entre los dos sectores. Los result...

On the 13 th conference of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) 2014 in Kr... more On the 13 th conference of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) 2014 in Krakow a panel was held on ‘The Future of Knowledge Organization and ISKO’. Here a synopsis with additional information and more dense presentation is given by a panelist. The main items were: What is knowledge organization (KO)? What will be the most challenging for ISKO and KO in the future? What is your ideal picture of ISKO and KO of the future? The results were inter alia that KO is a general discipline and applicable in many areas, though it is mostly perceived as part of information and library science. To ameliorate its standing, not only the fundamentals have to be worked out but also its diverse application fields and openness to new objects and methods. To integrate cultural and semantic diversity has to be seen as an important point in a polytely situation.

Our study deals with an evaluative analysis of the scientific articles in Algerian journals of ag... more Our study deals with an evaluative analysis of the scientific articles in Algerian journals of agronomic sciences in order to identify the most productive authors, the most dominant themes and finally the cooperation between institutions and research laboratories. It is a bibliometric analysis of the Annals of the INA (2000-2008) and the Journal Research Agronomique of INRAA (2000-2009). The results of our study reveal a relation between the publications in the two national agronomic journals and the programs of the National Agricultural Development Plan (NADP), as well as the National Research Programs (NRPs). In contrast, a deliberate intervention must introduce the two journals into a more academic and collaborative context at the international level.