Guillermo J González-Pérez | Universidad de Guadalajara (original) (raw)
Papers by Guillermo J González-Pérez
![Research paper thumbnail of [Demographic characteristics, social inequality and inequity in Mexican childhood health]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83223037/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](OBJECTIVES Demographically describing the present and future for Mexican children to correlate as... more OBJECTIVES Demographically describing the present and future for Mexican children to correlate aspects regarding demographic and social equity during childhood and describing the challenges these variables represent for Mexican children during the next few years. METHODS The present and future scenario for Mexican childhood was evaluated using existing population projections. Mortality rates were estimated from avoidable causes during childhood per Mexican state, per state grouped by quartile depending on their marginalisation level and by municipality grouped according to their degree of marginalisation. The Gini coefficient was used for measuring inequality. RESULTS Even though the absolute numbers of children in Mexico will tend to decrease in the future, the number will remain high until 2025. A greatest numbers of children were living in states having the highest degree of social marginalisation. Avoidable mortality was higher in these states compared to states having lower mar...
Revista Ciencias Biomédicas
Introducción: aproximadamente 15.000 mujeres mueren cada año en América Latina y el Caribe por ca... more Introducción: aproximadamente 15.000 mujeres mueren cada año en América Latina y el Caribe por causas relacionadas con el embarazo. La tasa derivada de la mortalidad materna para la región, es de 130 muertes maternas por 100.000 nacidos vivos, cifra más elevada que la observada en los países desarrollados. Objetivo: identificar factores socio económicos y la prestación de los servicios de salud y su impacto en la mortalidad materna. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en bases de datos electrónicas mediante palabras clave con relación al tema, para detectar los factores socioeconómicos y la prestación de los servicios de salud. Se buscaron artículos desde enero de 1998 hasta diciembre del 2010. Se identificaron 16 factores (o temas) los cuales se observaron para establecer relación con mortalidad materna. Resultados: los temas o factores socioeconómicos asociados a mortalidad materna identificados fueron el nivel de educación, paridad materna, la edad, región, esta...
Boletin De La Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, Aug 1, 1993
The aim of the present study is to determine the duration of breast-feeding by mothers covered by... more The aim of the present study is to determine the duration of breast-feeding by mothers covered by the Mexican Social Security Institute and living in Tlaquepaque and Tonala, outlying areas of the city of Guadalajara, Mexico; to identify possible maternal factors associated with early weaning; and to consider the social importance of this phenomenon. A sample of live-born infants and their mothers were selected from the study area.The children had reached at least one month of age between May 1990 and April 1991. Through multistage probabilistic sampling, random selection was made of primary health care units within the study areas, of family physicians'offices within those units, and finally, of all children meeting the study criteria in each of those offices
Revista Espanola De Salud Publica, Jun 6, 2008
Fundamento: En años recientes el consumo de tabaco y los problemas de salud asociados al mismo se... more Fundamento: En años recientes el consumo de tabaco y los problemas de salud asociados al mismo se han incrementado en lvléxico: este trabajo pretende describir el efecto del tabdquismo en el comportamiento de la mortalidad en el Estado de Jalisco. Mexico. en 1990.
Salud Mental, Jun 1, 2009
Investigacion En Convivencia Escolar Variables Relacionadas 2010 Isbn 978 84 9915 122 9 Pags 203 208, 2010
Revista médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
it has been demonstrated that children obesity is a multifactorial disease and probably, the alte... more it has been demonstrated that children obesity is a multifactorial disease and probably, the alteration of the family dynamic is another potential risk factor. The objective was to identify the association between obesity and family dysfunction in school children who attend to a family medicine unit. case and control study at Mexican Social Security Institute in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Sociodemographic factors and family dynamic of obese and non-obese subjects (n = 452) of six to nine years old from nuclear families were achieved. the association between family dysfunction and obesity was [OR = 1.63 (1.08-2.46), p = 0.01]. Area II, Identity formation, and area VI, Discipline and methods, showed a lower score in cases of children with obesity (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). In a logistic regression model family dysfunction [RM 1.79 (1.19, 2.71), p = 0.005] and low literacy of mothers [RM 1.61 (1.06, 2.45), p = 0.02)] were risk factors for obesity in school children....
Revista de Saúde Pública, 1990
RESUMEN: En Cuba, la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI) se redujo entre 1970 y 1986 en un 65%. La ... more RESUMEN: En Cuba, la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI) se redujo entre 1970 y 1986 en un 65%. La TMI alcanzada en 1986-13,6%o-ubica al país a la vanguardia de Latinoamérica en cuanto a salud materno-infantil. Sin embargo, subsisten diferencias interprovinciales en la mortalidad durante el primer año de vida. Mediante el empleo de técnicas de regresión múltiples, se intenta identificar los factores sociodemográficos o relacionados con los servicios de salud que más han incidido en el descenso de la TMI en Cuba y provincias en el decenio estudiado, así como las variables que mejor explican las diferencias interprovinciales en cada año. Son factores sociodemográficos los que mayoritariamente explican la evolución de la TMI; por otra parte, si bien la proporción de nacidos vivos con bajo peso y la tasa bruta de natalidad explican en primera instancia las diferencias interprovinciales en el nivel de la mortalidad infantil en cada año, un análisis más cuidadoso permite establecer que son variables eminentemente socieconómicas las que están detrás de tales diferencias.
Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue describir las principales características que conforman el pe... more Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue describir las principales características que conforman el perfil del cuidador primario informal de adultos mayores. Siendo la familia la principal fuente de protección y apoyo social, cuya función se basa en su experiencia co-tidiana y en la responsabilidad que por tradición se ha legado en el núcleo familiar. Material y Método: la muestra consistió en 59 cuidadores de los servicios de traumatología, medicina interna y nefrología del Hospital General de Zona 89 del IMSS. Se diseñó una escala con 5 dimensiones que permitieron identificar las características del cuidador informal. Resultados: predo-minando el género femenino, son los hijos que aún viven en el hogar del adulto los principales cuidadores, la edad promedio está entre 36 a 45 años de edad, el promedio del tiempo de cuidado es de más 10 días, alterando su vida familiar. Con el análisis factorial se detectó (KMO= 0,495) en la dimensión de motivo y carga horaria lo que infiere que pudiera no ser factible la cual requerirá de restructuración, se eliminaron solo dos preguntas por no cubrir con el valor establecido en la validez, una en la dimensión del apoyo social y en la afectivo-emocional, sin afectar la consistencia de las mismas, manteniéndose intactos los componentes de las dimensiones experiencia de los cuidados y estado de salud. Conclusiones: Al aplicar la escala en instancias hospitalarias, los profesionales de la salud podrán elaborar programas educativos y de prevención de la salud integral a partir de la identificación de características que permitan diseñar un adecuado perfil. Abstract The objective of the study was to describe the main characteristics that make up the profile of the informal primary caregiver of hospitalized older adults. Being the family the main source of protection and social support, whose function is based on their daily experience and the responsibility that traditionally has been in the family core. Material and Method: the sampled consisted in 59 caregivers of those services of Traumatology, internal medicine and nephrology of the Hospital General of area 89 of the IMSS. A scale with 5 dimensions that identify the characteristics of the informal caregiver was designed. Results: predominantly female, are the sons who still live at home adult primary caregivers, the average age is between 36-45 years of age, the average time of care is more than 10 days, disrupting their family life. With factorial analysis was detected (KMO = 0,495) in the dimension of reason and burden time which infers that might not be feasible which will require restructuring, only two questions were eliminated because did not cover the value set in the validity, in the dimension of social support and the affective-emotional, not affecting the consistency of the same, keeping intact the experience of care and health status dimensions' components. Conclusions: When applying the scale in hospital instances, health professionals will be able to develop prevention and educational programs to integral health from identifying features that allow to design an appropriate profile.
Using official data, this study analyzed violent deaths (homicide, suicide, events of un-determin... more Using official data, this study analyzed violent deaths (homicide, suicide, events of un-determined intent and deaths due to legal intervention) in Brazil and Mexico in the three-year periods 2002-2004 and 2012-14, the impact of these causes of death on life expectancy in both countries and the role of the different age groups in years of life expectancy lost (YLEL). Abridged life tables were constructed for both countries for both periods. Temporary life expectancy and YLEL between zero and 80 years by selected causes and age groups were calculated for each trienni-um. The leading cause of YLEL among men was homicide in both periods in Brazil (1.5 years) and in the second period in Mexico (one year). Violent deaths (VD) accounted for around 16% of YLEL in Brazil and 13% in Mexico in 2012-2014. Among women, YLEL due to homicides and suicides showed the greatest relative increase in both countries, although VD accounted for barely 3% of total YLEL. The highest percentage of YLEL due to VDwas found among the 15 to 29 year age groups in both countries and for both sexes. The increase in rates of VD in Mexico, above all among young people, has curbed further increases in life expectancy in recent years, especially among men. Likewise, the high rates of VD in Brazil in both periods have hindered the growth of life expectancy.
RESUMEN Objetivo Medir la competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de hepatitis virales e... more RESUMEN Objetivo Medir la competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de hepatitis virales en médicos de primer nivel de atención a la salud. Metodología Se efectuó un estudio transversal en el que usando un instrumento pre-viamente validado se midió la competencia y posteriormente se comparó entre médi-cos adscritos a diversas unidades médicas de atención primaria a la salud (UMAPS) del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social (IGSS). La información fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial no paramétrica. Se evaluaron 104 médi-cos de 5 UMAPS del IGSS. Resultados Se encontró un nivel muy bajo de competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las hepatitis virales, dentro de un intervalo de 9 a 62 puntos obtenidos en el instrumento que tiene un valor máximo teórico de 88, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre UMAPS. Conclusiones: Se requiere educación continua en los médicos de las UMAPS del IGSS para mejorar sus competencias en hepatitis virales. Palabras Clave: Hepatitis viral humana, competencia clínica, atención primaria a la salud, educación continua, estudio multicéntrico (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACT Objective To measure the clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of human viral hepatitis in primary health care physicians. Methodology Cross-sectional study in which a previously validated instrument to measure competences was used, and subsequent comparison between physicians at various primary health care units (PHCT) from the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security (GISS). This information was analyzed using descriptive and non-parametrical statistics. 104 physicians, from 5 PHCT ascribed to GISS were analyzed. Results A low level of clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of human viral hepatitis in this physicians group was found, within a range of 9 to 62 points obtained through an instrument with a maximum theoretical value of 88; no significant statistical difference between PHCT was found. Conclusions PHCT physicians from require continuing education to improve their clinical competence on human viral hepatitis.
Mortalidad por violencias y su impacto en la esperanza de vida: una comparación entre México y Br... more Mortalidad por violencias y su impacto en la esperanza de vida: una comparación entre México y Brasil Violence deaths and its impact on life expectancy: a comparison between Mexico and Brazil Resumen A partir de datos oficiales, se analizó la mortalidad por violencias (MV):homicidio, suici-dio, eventos de intención no determinada e inter-vención legal, en Brasil y México y su impacto en la esperanza de vida (EV) entre los trienios 2002-04 y 2012-14, y se identificó los grupos etarios en los años de esperanza de vida perdidos (AEVP) por estas causas. Se construyeron tablas de vida abreviadas para los dos países, por sexo, para am-bos trienios; esto permitió calcular la EV tempo-raria entre 0 y 80 años y los AEVP entre ambas edades, por causa. Entre los hombres, los homici-dios fueron la principal causa de AEVP en ambos trienios en Brasil (1,5 años), y la segunda en Mé-xico en 2012-14 (1 año). La MV provocó alrede-dor del 16% de los AEVP en Brasil y del 13% en México en 2012-14. Entre las mujeres, fueron los AEVP por homicidios y suicidios los que relativa-mente más crecieron en ambos países, aunque la MV causó apenas 3% del total de AEVP en 2012-14. En los dos países y en ambos sexos los AEVP por violencias fueron más altos entre 15 y 29 años. Así, en México el aumento de la MV, sobre todo en jóvenes, ha contribuido al estancamiento de la EV, en especial la masculina, mientras que en Brasil las altas tasas de MV en ambos trienios no han favorecido un mayor incremento de la EV. Abstract Using official data, this study analyzed violent deaths (homicide, suicide, events of un-determined intent and deaths due to legal intervention) in Brazil and Mexico in the three-year periods 2002-2004 and 2012-14, the impact of these causes of death on life expectancy in both countries and the role of the different age groups in years of life expectancy lost (YLEL). Abridged life tables were constructed for both countries for both periods. Temporary life expectancy and YLEL between zero and 80 years by selected causes and age groups were calculated for each trienni-um. The leading cause of YLEL among men was homicide in both periods in Brazil (1.5 years) and in the second period in Mexico (one year). Violent deaths (VD) accounted for around 16% of YLEL in Brazil and 13% in Mexico in 2012-2014. Among women, YLEL due to homicides and suicides showed the greatest relative increase in both countries, although VD accounted for barely 3% of total YLEL. The highest percentage of YLEL due to VDwas found among the 15 to 29 year age groups in both countries and for both sexes. The increase in rates of VD in Mexico, above all among young people, has curbed further increases in life expectancy in recent years, especially among men. Likewise, the high rates of VD in Brazil in both periods have hindered the growth of life expectancy.
Tobacco use remains a serious risk to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, when this consumpt... more Tobacco use remains a serious risk to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, when this consumption begins in the early adolescence, favors the consolidation of the smoking habit, which extends until the adulthood. High morbidity and mortality and the social and economic impact of smoking justify the analysis of factors related to this practice. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of tobacco use in public secondary school students from two geographic areas of Mexico: Ciudad Juarez (CJ), Chihuahua, and the metropolitan area of Guada-lajara (ZMG), Jalisco, and to identify associated factors to dependent variable (tobacco consumption in active smokers). This is a cross-sectional, analytical study with 2 362 (656 CJ and 1706 ZMG) adolescents (11 to 17 years old) who answered a questionnaire. We found a prevalence to active smokers of 6.25% (CI 95% 4.57-8.46) in CJ and 7.1% (CI 95%: 5.8%-8.3%) in ZMG (Z value of 0.6348). The multivariate analysis showed 4 associated factors for each one of the cities: the coexistence with active smokers in the school environment; to have a smoker as the El consumo de tabaco expone a enfermedades respiratorias y cardiovasculares; cuando dicho consumo se ini-cia en la adolescencia temprana, favorece la consolidación del hábito de fumar, el cual se extiende hasta la vida adulta. La elevada morbimortalidad, así como el impacto social y económico del tabaquismo justifican el análisis de factores relacionados con dicha práctica. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la prevalencia en el consumo de tabaco en alumnos de escuelas secundarias públicas de dos áreas geográficas de México: Ciudad Juárez (CJ), Chihuahua, y la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara (ZMG), Jalisco, e identificar factores asociados con la variable dependiente (ser fumador activo). Se trata de un estudio transversal, analítico, con 2 362 adolescentes (656 CJ y 1706 ZMG, de 11 a 17 años) que contestaron un cuestionario. Se encontró una prevalencia de fumadores activos de 6.25% (IC 95% 4.57-8.46) en CJ y 7.1% (IC 95%: 5.8%-8.3%) en la ZMG (valor Z de 0.6348). El análisis multiva-riado mostró 4 factores asociados para cada una de las ciudades: la convivencia con fumadores activos en el Abstract Recibido: 4 de julio de 2017 Aceptado: 28 de agosto de 2017 Declarado sin conflicto de interés [ ]
This study analyzes firearms mortality (FA) and their impact on life expectancy in Mex-ico –compa... more This study analyzes firearms mortality (FA) and their impact on life expectancy in Mex-ico –compared to other causes of deaths-during the three-year periods 2000-2002 and 2010-2012 and the weight of the different age groups in years of life expectancy lost (YLEL) due to this cause. Based on official death and population data, abridged life tables in Mexico were constructed for the three-year periods studied. Temporary life expectancy and YLEL for aged 15 to 75 by selected causes and age groups were calculated in each three-year period. Among men, FA mortality went from being the cause less YLEL caused in 2000-2002 to be the main cause of YLEL between 15 and 75 years in 2010-2012. Among women, YLEL for FA mortality had a higher relative growth. In both sexes, the greatest increase in YLEL by FA mortality was between 20 and 34 years. Findings indicate that the increase in FA mortality, especially among young people, has substantially contributed to the stagnation of life expectancy in recent years, and even his decline in the case of men. This reflects that violence linked to the FA is not only a security problem but also a collective health problem that must be copied in an interdis-ciplinary and intersectoral form if it is to increase the life expectancy of the country.
Revista cubana de administración de salud
Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau
The aim of the present study is to determine the duration of breast-feeding by mothers covered by... more The aim of the present study is to determine the duration of breast-feeding by mothers covered by the Mexican Social Security Institute and living in Tlaquepaque and Tonalá, outlying areas of the city of Guadalajara, Mexico; to identify possible maternal factors associated with early weaning; and to consider the social importance of this phenomenon. A sample of live-born infants and their mothers were selected from the study area. The children had reached at least one month of age between May 1990 and April 1991. Through multistage probabilistic sampling, random selection was made of primary health care units within the study areas, of family physicians' offices within those units, and finally, of all children meeting the study criteria in each of those offices. After visits to 166 dwellings, 141 mothers were interviewed, or 91% of the projected sample size (155). A 33-item questionnaire was prepared for the interviews. The interviewers were social workers trained to do this wor...
OBJECTIVES Demographically describing the present and future for Mexican children to correlate as... more OBJECTIVES Demographically describing the present and future for Mexican children to correlate aspects regarding demographic and social equity during childhood and describing the challenges these variables represent for Mexican children during the next few years. METHODS The present and future scenario for Mexican childhood was evaluated using existing population projections. Mortality rates were estimated from avoidable causes during childhood per Mexican state, per state grouped by quartile depending on their marginalisation level and by municipality grouped according to their degree of marginalisation. The Gini coefficient was used for measuring inequality. RESULTS Even though the absolute numbers of children in Mexico will tend to decrease in the future, the number will remain high until 2025. A greatest numbers of children were living in states having the highest degree of social marginalisation. Avoidable mortality was higher in these states compared to states having lower mar...
Revista Ciencias Biomédicas
Introducción: aproximadamente 15.000 mujeres mueren cada año en América Latina y el Caribe por ca... more Introducción: aproximadamente 15.000 mujeres mueren cada año en América Latina y el Caribe por causas relacionadas con el embarazo. La tasa derivada de la mortalidad materna para la región, es de 130 muertes maternas por 100.000 nacidos vivos, cifra más elevada que la observada en los países desarrollados. Objetivo: identificar factores socio económicos y la prestación de los servicios de salud y su impacto en la mortalidad materna. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en bases de datos electrónicas mediante palabras clave con relación al tema, para detectar los factores socioeconómicos y la prestación de los servicios de salud. Se buscaron artículos desde enero de 1998 hasta diciembre del 2010. Se identificaron 16 factores (o temas) los cuales se observaron para establecer relación con mortalidad materna. Resultados: los temas o factores socioeconómicos asociados a mortalidad materna identificados fueron el nivel de educación, paridad materna, la edad, región, esta...
Boletin De La Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, Aug 1, 1993
The aim of the present study is to determine the duration of breast-feeding by mothers covered by... more The aim of the present study is to determine the duration of breast-feeding by mothers covered by the Mexican Social Security Institute and living in Tlaquepaque and Tonala, outlying areas of the city of Guadalajara, Mexico; to identify possible maternal factors associated with early weaning; and to consider the social importance of this phenomenon. A sample of live-born infants and their mothers were selected from the study area.The children had reached at least one month of age between May 1990 and April 1991. Through multistage probabilistic sampling, random selection was made of primary health care units within the study areas, of family physicians'offices within those units, and finally, of all children meeting the study criteria in each of those offices
Revista Espanola De Salud Publica, Jun 6, 2008
Fundamento: En años recientes el consumo de tabaco y los problemas de salud asociados al mismo se... more Fundamento: En años recientes el consumo de tabaco y los problemas de salud asociados al mismo se han incrementado en lvléxico: este trabajo pretende describir el efecto del tabdquismo en el comportamiento de la mortalidad en el Estado de Jalisco. Mexico. en 1990.
Salud Mental, Jun 1, 2009
Investigacion En Convivencia Escolar Variables Relacionadas 2010 Isbn 978 84 9915 122 9 Pags 203 208, 2010
Revista médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
it has been demonstrated that children obesity is a multifactorial disease and probably, the alte... more it has been demonstrated that children obesity is a multifactorial disease and probably, the alteration of the family dynamic is another potential risk factor. The objective was to identify the association between obesity and family dysfunction in school children who attend to a family medicine unit. case and control study at Mexican Social Security Institute in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Sociodemographic factors and family dynamic of obese and non-obese subjects (n = 452) of six to nine years old from nuclear families were achieved. the association between family dysfunction and obesity was [OR = 1.63 (1.08-2.46), p = 0.01]. Area II, Identity formation, and area VI, Discipline and methods, showed a lower score in cases of children with obesity (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). In a logistic regression model family dysfunction [RM 1.79 (1.19, 2.71), p = 0.005] and low literacy of mothers [RM 1.61 (1.06, 2.45), p = 0.02)] were risk factors for obesity in school children....
Revista de Saúde Pública, 1990
RESUMEN: En Cuba, la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI) se redujo entre 1970 y 1986 en un 65%. La ... more RESUMEN: En Cuba, la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI) se redujo entre 1970 y 1986 en un 65%. La TMI alcanzada en 1986-13,6%o-ubica al país a la vanguardia de Latinoamérica en cuanto a salud materno-infantil. Sin embargo, subsisten diferencias interprovinciales en la mortalidad durante el primer año de vida. Mediante el empleo de técnicas de regresión múltiples, se intenta identificar los factores sociodemográficos o relacionados con los servicios de salud que más han incidido en el descenso de la TMI en Cuba y provincias en el decenio estudiado, así como las variables que mejor explican las diferencias interprovinciales en cada año. Son factores sociodemográficos los que mayoritariamente explican la evolución de la TMI; por otra parte, si bien la proporción de nacidos vivos con bajo peso y la tasa bruta de natalidad explican en primera instancia las diferencias interprovinciales en el nivel de la mortalidad infantil en cada año, un análisis más cuidadoso permite establecer que son variables eminentemente socieconómicas las que están detrás de tales diferencias.
Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue describir las principales características que conforman el pe... more Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue describir las principales características que conforman el perfil del cuidador primario informal de adultos mayores. Siendo la familia la principal fuente de protección y apoyo social, cuya función se basa en su experiencia co-tidiana y en la responsabilidad que por tradición se ha legado en el núcleo familiar. Material y Método: la muestra consistió en 59 cuidadores de los servicios de traumatología, medicina interna y nefrología del Hospital General de Zona 89 del IMSS. Se diseñó una escala con 5 dimensiones que permitieron identificar las características del cuidador informal. Resultados: predo-minando el género femenino, son los hijos que aún viven en el hogar del adulto los principales cuidadores, la edad promedio está entre 36 a 45 años de edad, el promedio del tiempo de cuidado es de más 10 días, alterando su vida familiar. Con el análisis factorial se detectó (KMO= 0,495) en la dimensión de motivo y carga horaria lo que infiere que pudiera no ser factible la cual requerirá de restructuración, se eliminaron solo dos preguntas por no cubrir con el valor establecido en la validez, una en la dimensión del apoyo social y en la afectivo-emocional, sin afectar la consistencia de las mismas, manteniéndose intactos los componentes de las dimensiones experiencia de los cuidados y estado de salud. Conclusiones: Al aplicar la escala en instancias hospitalarias, los profesionales de la salud podrán elaborar programas educativos y de prevención de la salud integral a partir de la identificación de características que permitan diseñar un adecuado perfil. Abstract The objective of the study was to describe the main characteristics that make up the profile of the informal primary caregiver of hospitalized older adults. Being the family the main source of protection and social support, whose function is based on their daily experience and the responsibility that traditionally has been in the family core. Material and Method: the sampled consisted in 59 caregivers of those services of Traumatology, internal medicine and nephrology of the Hospital General of area 89 of the IMSS. A scale with 5 dimensions that identify the characteristics of the informal caregiver was designed. Results: predominantly female, are the sons who still live at home adult primary caregivers, the average age is between 36-45 years of age, the average time of care is more than 10 days, disrupting their family life. With factorial analysis was detected (KMO = 0,495) in the dimension of reason and burden time which infers that might not be feasible which will require restructuring, only two questions were eliminated because did not cover the value set in the validity, in the dimension of social support and the affective-emotional, not affecting the consistency of the same, keeping intact the experience of care and health status dimensions' components. Conclusions: When applying the scale in hospital instances, health professionals will be able to develop prevention and educational programs to integral health from identifying features that allow to design an appropriate profile.
Using official data, this study analyzed violent deaths (homicide, suicide, events of un-determin... more Using official data, this study analyzed violent deaths (homicide, suicide, events of un-determined intent and deaths due to legal intervention) in Brazil and Mexico in the three-year periods 2002-2004 and 2012-14, the impact of these causes of death on life expectancy in both countries and the role of the different age groups in years of life expectancy lost (YLEL). Abridged life tables were constructed for both countries for both periods. Temporary life expectancy and YLEL between zero and 80 years by selected causes and age groups were calculated for each trienni-um. The leading cause of YLEL among men was homicide in both periods in Brazil (1.5 years) and in the second period in Mexico (one year). Violent deaths (VD) accounted for around 16% of YLEL in Brazil and 13% in Mexico in 2012-2014. Among women, YLEL due to homicides and suicides showed the greatest relative increase in both countries, although VD accounted for barely 3% of total YLEL. The highest percentage of YLEL due to VDwas found among the 15 to 29 year age groups in both countries and for both sexes. The increase in rates of VD in Mexico, above all among young people, has curbed further increases in life expectancy in recent years, especially among men. Likewise, the high rates of VD in Brazil in both periods have hindered the growth of life expectancy.
RESUMEN Objetivo Medir la competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de hepatitis virales e... more RESUMEN Objetivo Medir la competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de hepatitis virales en médicos de primer nivel de atención a la salud. Metodología Se efectuó un estudio transversal en el que usando un instrumento pre-viamente validado se midió la competencia y posteriormente se comparó entre médi-cos adscritos a diversas unidades médicas de atención primaria a la salud (UMAPS) del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social (IGSS). La información fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial no paramétrica. Se evaluaron 104 médi-cos de 5 UMAPS del IGSS. Resultados Se encontró un nivel muy bajo de competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las hepatitis virales, dentro de un intervalo de 9 a 62 puntos obtenidos en el instrumento que tiene un valor máximo teórico de 88, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre UMAPS. Conclusiones: Se requiere educación continua en los médicos de las UMAPS del IGSS para mejorar sus competencias en hepatitis virales. Palabras Clave: Hepatitis viral humana, competencia clínica, atención primaria a la salud, educación continua, estudio multicéntrico (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACT Objective To measure the clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of human viral hepatitis in primary health care physicians. Methodology Cross-sectional study in which a previously validated instrument to measure competences was used, and subsequent comparison between physicians at various primary health care units (PHCT) from the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security (GISS). This information was analyzed using descriptive and non-parametrical statistics. 104 physicians, from 5 PHCT ascribed to GISS were analyzed. Results A low level of clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of human viral hepatitis in this physicians group was found, within a range of 9 to 62 points obtained through an instrument with a maximum theoretical value of 88; no significant statistical difference between PHCT was found. Conclusions PHCT physicians from require continuing education to improve their clinical competence on human viral hepatitis.
Mortalidad por violencias y su impacto en la esperanza de vida: una comparación entre México y Br... more Mortalidad por violencias y su impacto en la esperanza de vida: una comparación entre México y Brasil Violence deaths and its impact on life expectancy: a comparison between Mexico and Brazil Resumen A partir de datos oficiales, se analizó la mortalidad por violencias (MV):homicidio, suici-dio, eventos de intención no determinada e inter-vención legal, en Brasil y México y su impacto en la esperanza de vida (EV) entre los trienios 2002-04 y 2012-14, y se identificó los grupos etarios en los años de esperanza de vida perdidos (AEVP) por estas causas. Se construyeron tablas de vida abreviadas para los dos países, por sexo, para am-bos trienios; esto permitió calcular la EV tempo-raria entre 0 y 80 años y los AEVP entre ambas edades, por causa. Entre los hombres, los homici-dios fueron la principal causa de AEVP en ambos trienios en Brasil (1,5 años), y la segunda en Mé-xico en 2012-14 (1 año). La MV provocó alrede-dor del 16% de los AEVP en Brasil y del 13% en México en 2012-14. Entre las mujeres, fueron los AEVP por homicidios y suicidios los que relativa-mente más crecieron en ambos países, aunque la MV causó apenas 3% del total de AEVP en 2012-14. En los dos países y en ambos sexos los AEVP por violencias fueron más altos entre 15 y 29 años. Así, en México el aumento de la MV, sobre todo en jóvenes, ha contribuido al estancamiento de la EV, en especial la masculina, mientras que en Brasil las altas tasas de MV en ambos trienios no han favorecido un mayor incremento de la EV. Abstract Using official data, this study analyzed violent deaths (homicide, suicide, events of un-determined intent and deaths due to legal intervention) in Brazil and Mexico in the three-year periods 2002-2004 and 2012-14, the impact of these causes of death on life expectancy in both countries and the role of the different age groups in years of life expectancy lost (YLEL). Abridged life tables were constructed for both countries for both periods. Temporary life expectancy and YLEL between zero and 80 years by selected causes and age groups were calculated for each trienni-um. The leading cause of YLEL among men was homicide in both periods in Brazil (1.5 years) and in the second period in Mexico (one year). Violent deaths (VD) accounted for around 16% of YLEL in Brazil and 13% in Mexico in 2012-2014. Among women, YLEL due to homicides and suicides showed the greatest relative increase in both countries, although VD accounted for barely 3% of total YLEL. The highest percentage of YLEL due to VDwas found among the 15 to 29 year age groups in both countries and for both sexes. The increase in rates of VD in Mexico, above all among young people, has curbed further increases in life expectancy in recent years, especially among men. Likewise, the high rates of VD in Brazil in both periods have hindered the growth of life expectancy.
Tobacco use remains a serious risk to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, when this consumpt... more Tobacco use remains a serious risk to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, when this consumption begins in the early adolescence, favors the consolidation of the smoking habit, which extends until the adulthood. High morbidity and mortality and the social and economic impact of smoking justify the analysis of factors related to this practice. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of tobacco use in public secondary school students from two geographic areas of Mexico: Ciudad Juarez (CJ), Chihuahua, and the metropolitan area of Guada-lajara (ZMG), Jalisco, and to identify associated factors to dependent variable (tobacco consumption in active smokers). This is a cross-sectional, analytical study with 2 362 (656 CJ and 1706 ZMG) adolescents (11 to 17 years old) who answered a questionnaire. We found a prevalence to active smokers of 6.25% (CI 95% 4.57-8.46) in CJ and 7.1% (CI 95%: 5.8%-8.3%) in ZMG (Z value of 0.6348). The multivariate analysis showed 4 associated factors for each one of the cities: the coexistence with active smokers in the school environment; to have a smoker as the El consumo de tabaco expone a enfermedades respiratorias y cardiovasculares; cuando dicho consumo se ini-cia en la adolescencia temprana, favorece la consolidación del hábito de fumar, el cual se extiende hasta la vida adulta. La elevada morbimortalidad, así como el impacto social y económico del tabaquismo justifican el análisis de factores relacionados con dicha práctica. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la prevalencia en el consumo de tabaco en alumnos de escuelas secundarias públicas de dos áreas geográficas de México: Ciudad Juárez (CJ), Chihuahua, y la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara (ZMG), Jalisco, e identificar factores asociados con la variable dependiente (ser fumador activo). Se trata de un estudio transversal, analítico, con 2 362 adolescentes (656 CJ y 1706 ZMG, de 11 a 17 años) que contestaron un cuestionario. Se encontró una prevalencia de fumadores activos de 6.25% (IC 95% 4.57-8.46) en CJ y 7.1% (IC 95%: 5.8%-8.3%) en la ZMG (valor Z de 0.6348). El análisis multiva-riado mostró 4 factores asociados para cada una de las ciudades: la convivencia con fumadores activos en el Abstract Recibido: 4 de julio de 2017 Aceptado: 28 de agosto de 2017 Declarado sin conflicto de interés [ ]
This study analyzes firearms mortality (FA) and their impact on life expectancy in Mex-ico –compa... more This study analyzes firearms mortality (FA) and their impact on life expectancy in Mex-ico –compared to other causes of deaths-during the three-year periods 2000-2002 and 2010-2012 and the weight of the different age groups in years of life expectancy lost (YLEL) due to this cause. Based on official death and population data, abridged life tables in Mexico were constructed for the three-year periods studied. Temporary life expectancy and YLEL for aged 15 to 75 by selected causes and age groups were calculated in each three-year period. Among men, FA mortality went from being the cause less YLEL caused in 2000-2002 to be the main cause of YLEL between 15 and 75 years in 2010-2012. Among women, YLEL for FA mortality had a higher relative growth. In both sexes, the greatest increase in YLEL by FA mortality was between 20 and 34 years. Findings indicate that the increase in FA mortality, especially among young people, has substantially contributed to the stagnation of life expectancy in recent years, and even his decline in the case of men. This reflects that violence linked to the FA is not only a security problem but also a collective health problem that must be copied in an interdis-ciplinary and intersectoral form if it is to increase the life expectancy of the country.
Revista cubana de administración de salud
Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau
The aim of the present study is to determine the duration of breast-feeding by mothers covered by... more The aim of the present study is to determine the duration of breast-feeding by mothers covered by the Mexican Social Security Institute and living in Tlaquepaque and Tonalá, outlying areas of the city of Guadalajara, Mexico; to identify possible maternal factors associated with early weaning; and to consider the social importance of this phenomenon. A sample of live-born infants and their mothers were selected from the study area. The children had reached at least one month of age between May 1990 and April 1991. Through multistage probabilistic sampling, random selection was made of primary health care units within the study areas, of family physicians' offices within those units, and finally, of all children meeting the study criteria in each of those offices. After visits to 166 dwellings, 141 mothers were interviewed, or 91% of the projected sample size (155). A 33-item questionnaire was prepared for the interviews. The interviewers were social workers trained to do this wor...