Jan-Ocko Heuer | Hochschule Bremen -- University of Applied Sciences (original) (raw)
Curriculum Vitae by Jan-Ocko Heuer
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Thesis Chapters by Jan-Ocko Heuer
This is the front matter of my PhD dissertation, which was submitted to the University of Bremen ... more This is the front matter of my PhD dissertation, which was submitted to the University of Bremen in March 2014. The thesis describes, compares and classifies the consumer bankruptcy systems of 15 advanced capitalist societies in regard to the substantive rules and underlying norms of consumer debt relief. --- UPDATE 2021: the full version of my PhD thesis is now published Open Access here: https://doi.org/10.26092/elib/454
From the introduction to the PhD thesis:
"In the past decades, the growth of consumer credit has led to increased debt problems of private households, and many economically advanced countries have responded to this new social risk of consumer over-indebtedness by adopting consumer bankruptcy laws that enable insolvent individuals a financial ‘fresh start’ via discharge of debts. By cancelling an insolvent debtor’s responsibility for the payment of specified debts, personal bankruptcy restores an individual’s economic and social participation and thus tackles the negative effects of household over-indebtedness on individual debtors and their dependants as well as on credit markets, labor markets, health care systems, welfare states, judicial systems and society at large. Consumer bankruptcy is the last resort for the ‘casualties’ of modern consumer societies and finance-driven economies, and each year millions of over-indebted individuals file a petition for debt relief and obtain a financial ‘fresh start’ and a second chance in economic and social life.
The present study describes, compares and classifies the substantive rules and underlying norms of consumer bankruptcy regimes in fifteen advanced economies: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, England and Wales, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland, Sweden and the United States of America. The study pursues four aims: First, it aims to advance consumer bankruptcy research – and particularly the new field of ‘comparative consumer bankruptcy’ – by providing theory-guided and broadly applicable conceptualizations of consumer bankruptcy and its actors, aims and building blocks. Second, the study offers the first systematic and detailed comparison of consumer bankruptcy systems from a broad range of legal, economic and social-political traditions and thus enables academics, legislators and legal practitioners to improve their understanding of the substantive rules of consumer insolvency and debt relief in various countries. Third, the study provides an empirical classification of consumer bankruptcy systems in advanced economies based on a theory-driven framework, a new comparative dataset, and hierarchical cluster analysis as classification method; this classification shows that consumer bankruptcy systems differ not only in their substantive rules but also in their underlying economic, legal and social-political foundations and their resultant understandings of debtors, creditors, the market and the public order. And fourth, by outlining the different normative orientations of consumer bankruptcy systems, this sociological analysis of the legal regulation of consumer insolvency and debt relief aims to connect consumer bankruptcy research to neighboring fields of study, such as political economy and sociology as well as consumer and social policy research.
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Papers by Jan-Ocko Heuer
In the past decades the growth of consumer credit has led to increased debt problems of private h... more In the past decades the growth of consumer credit has led to increased debt problems of private households, and many advanced economies have responded to this new social risk of consumer over-indebtedness by adopting consumer bankruptcy laws that enable insolvent individuals a financial ‘fresh start’ via discharge of debts. This paper discusses consumer bankruptcy as social policy in finance-driven capitalism, classifies the consumer bankruptcy systems of fifteen advanced economies, and examines the problem of social exclusion in European consumer bankruptcy systems. Three main points are made: First, two approaches to consumer bankruptcy in Western Europe can be discerned, a ‘Germanic’ liability model emphasizing the debtor’s responsibility for debt payment, and a ‘Franco-Scandinavian’ mercy model focusing on the debtor’s deservingness for debt relief. Second, both approaches exclude a considerable share of insolvent individuals from a ‘fresh start’, but they differ regarding their normative foundations, mechanisms of exclusion, and types of debtors excluded. Third, exclusion of over-indebted households harms debtors and societies, and it can be tackled by strengthening consumer bankruptcy’s function of regulating the credit market, not by bringing welfare policies into consumer debt relief.
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International Insolvency Review
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International Insolvency Review
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International Insolvency Review
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Sozialer Fortschritt
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Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, 2015
In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben viele wirtschaftlich entwickelte Staaten auf das soziale Risiko ... more In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben viele wirtschaftlich entwickelte Staaten auf das soziale Risiko der Überschuldung bzw. Insolvenz von Privathaushalten mit der Einführung von Verbraucherinsolvenzverfahren reagiert, die zahlungsunfähigen natürlichen Personen einen finanziellen Neuanfang mittels Restschuldbefreiung ermöglichen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeichnet die Entwicklung des Privatinsolvenzrechts hin zu einem Instrument der Sozialpolitik nach, erläutert das Verbraucherinsolvenzverfahren und analysiert in einem Ländervergleich zwischen Deutschland, Schweden und den USA verschiedene Varianten der staatlichen Regulierung von Entschuldung. Ich argumentiere, dass sich diese Varianten in ihren rechtlichen Regelungen, normativen Grundorientierungen und sozialpolitischen Wirkungen unterscheiden.
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Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, 2015
Mit Finanzialisierung bezeichnen wir einen Prozess, in dem die ökonomischen Produkte, Praktiken u... more Mit Finanzialisierung bezeichnen wir einen Prozess, in dem die ökonomischen Produkte, Praktiken und Normen der Finanzmärkte soziale Wirkung über ihren ursprünglichen Bereich hinaus entfalten und dabei zusehends in Beziehung zur alltäglichen Wirtschaftstätigkeit der Individuen und zum Sozialstaat treten. Die Debatte über Finanzialisierung hat ihren Schwerpunkt bislang im englischsprachigen Raum, und es ist das Ziel des vorliegenden Schwerpunktheftes, die Relevanz dieses paradigmatischen Zugangs auch für die Bundesrepublik aufzuzeigen.
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Heuer, Jan; Hils, Sylvia; Richter, Anika; Schröder, Brunhild; Sackmann, Reinhold, 2005: Der außer... more Heuer, Jan; Hils, Sylvia; Richter, Anika; Schröder, Brunhild; Sackmann, Reinhold, 2005: Der außergerichtliche Einigungsversuch im Verbraucherinsolvenzverfahren : Inkasso-Unternehmen als Datenquelle für Verschuldungsuntersuchungen. Der Hallesche Graureiher 2005,3. Forschungsberichte des Instituts für Soziologie. Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
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Journal of European Social Policy
Previous research suggests that European citizens share consistent attitudes towards the relative... more Previous research suggests that European citizens share consistent attitudes towards the relative deservingness of different target groups of social policy, such as perceiving elderly people as most deserving, unemployed people as less deserving and immigrants as least deserving. Yet, it is unclear which criteria people apply when making these judgements. In this article, we explore the reasoning behind deservingness judgements. We analyse how four focus groups – from the middle class, the working class, young people and elderly people – discuss and rank various vignettes representing welfare target groups. Our focus groups’ rankings mirror the well-established rank order of welfare target groups, and we also introduce further target groups: median-income families, low-income earners, and well-off earners. Our analyses of reasoning patterns show that depending on the target group specific combinations of deservingness criteria suggested in the literature (e.g. need, reciprocity, ide...
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Journal of Social Policy
Modern welfare regimes rest on a range of actors – state, market, family/households, employers an... more Modern welfare regimes rest on a range of actors – state, market, family/households, employers and charities – but austerity programmes diminish the contribution of the state. While changes in this ‘welfare mix’ require support from the population, attitude studies have focused mainly on people’s views on state responsibilities, using welfare regime theory to explain differences. This paper contributes to our understanding of the welfare mix by including other providers such as the market, the family or employers, and also introduces social risk theories, contrasting new and old risks. Regime theory implies differences will persist over time, but risk theory suggests that growing similarities in certain risks may tend to promote international convergence. This article examines attitudes to the roles of state, market, family, charity/community and employer for pension and childcare in Germany and the UK. We collected data using deliberative forums, a new method in social policy resea...
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Comparative Sociology
Do people in different countries understand and frame the principle of meritocracy differently? T... more Do people in different countries understand and frame the principle of meritocracy differently? This question is the starting point for this cross-national analysis of the moral repertoires of meritocracy in four countries: Germany, Norway, Slovenia and the United Kingdom. The authors pursue a mixed methods approach, using data from the European Social Survey 2016 and qualitative data from group discussions. In these discussions, citizens openly talked about issues like inequality and social policy, which allows us to study their understandings and framings of meritocracy. The authors show that the issue of unequal rewards does not only find different levels of support, but also that people – corresponding to the context they live in – have different understandings of which merits should count. The authors identify a ‘market success meritocracy’ in the UK, a work-centred understanding in Germany, a ‘common good meritocracy’ in Norway, and non-salience of this issue in Slovenia.
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Oxford Scholarship Online
Germany had already made major reforms to social policy before the Great Recession. It had moved ... more Germany had already made major reforms to social policy before the Great Recession. It had moved away from the traditional corporatist breadwinner welfare state model towards greater individual responsibility (private pensions and workfarist reforms, with sharp benefit cuts), and much more extensive support for childcare. Social investment and training measures have been much strengthened. These measures, carried out within a general framework of austerity and retrenchment, had increased employment, although the expansion in work since the early 2000s was mainly in low-skilled precarious jobs. The country weathered the recession successfully. New pressures are from the deepening divisions between those advantaged by the new regime (highly skilled middle-class people in secure jobs) and outsiders in an increasingly dualized labour market. Very high levels of immigration have led to further tensions. Germany has successfully transformed its welfare state, but faces further challenges ...
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Social Policy & Administration
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This book explores the extent to which a transformation of public employment regimes has taken pl... more This book explores the extent to which a transformation of public employment regimes has taken place in four Western countries, and the factors influencing the pathways of reform. It demonstrates how public employment regimes have unravelled in different domains of public service, contesting the idea that the state remains a 'model' employer.
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Kapitalismus als Lebensform? Deutungsmuster, Legitimation und Kritik in der Marktgesellschaft, 2016
Seit den 1990er Jahren hat im öffentlichen Dienst in Deutschland eine Ökonomisierung stattgefunde... more Seit den 1990er Jahren hat im öffentlichen Dienst in Deutschland eine Ökonomisierung stattgefunden, in deren Verlauf traditionelle „Staatsdiener“-Werte wie Loyalität, Neutralität und Regelgeleitetes Handeln durch neue Wertorientierungen wie Effizienz, Flexibilität, Transparenz oder Kundenorientierung ergänzt oder ersetzt worden sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht mittels Fokusgruppendiskussionen von Beschäftigten in drei Bereichen des öffentlichen Dienstes, inwieweit diese neuen „Dienstleister“-Werte im beruflichen Selbstverständnis der Beschäftigten angekommen sind. Dabei zeigt sich, dass selbst in einem hoheitlichen und marktfernen Bereich wie der Polizei „Dienstleister“-Werte eine Rolle spielen, wenngleich „Staatsdiener“-Werte wie Regelgeleitetes Handeln und Neutralität dominieren. Auch bei der Bundesnetzagentur als neuer Behörde zur Regulierung der privatisierten Infrastrukturen dominieren „Staatsdiener“-Werte, während „Dienstleister“-Werten ein eher instrumenteller Charakter zugebilligt wird. Die Müllabfuhr zeigt demgegenüber, dass Markt und direkter Wettbewerb mit privaten Anbietern zu einer Internalisierung der „Dienstleister“-Werte führen, wohingegen „Staatsdiener“-Werte eher als Wettbewerbshindernis angesehen werden. Insgesamt deuten die Ergebnisse auf eine große Heterogenität von Wertorientierungen bei öffentlich Beschäftigten und auf einen Zusammenhang mit dem Marktbezug des jeweiligen Bereichs hin.
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This is the front matter of my PhD dissertation, which was submitted to the University of Bremen ... more This is the front matter of my PhD dissertation, which was submitted to the University of Bremen in March 2014. The thesis describes, compares and classifies the consumer bankruptcy systems of 15 advanced capitalist societies in regard to the substantive rules and underlying norms of consumer debt relief. --- UPDATE 2021: the full version of my PhD thesis is now published Open Access here: https://doi.org/10.26092/elib/454
From the introduction to the PhD thesis:
"In the past decades, the growth of consumer credit has led to increased debt problems of private households, and many economically advanced countries have responded to this new social risk of consumer over-indebtedness by adopting consumer bankruptcy laws that enable insolvent individuals a financial ‘fresh start’ via discharge of debts. By cancelling an insolvent debtor’s responsibility for the payment of specified debts, personal bankruptcy restores an individual’s economic and social participation and thus tackles the negative effects of household over-indebtedness on individual debtors and their dependants as well as on credit markets, labor markets, health care systems, welfare states, judicial systems and society at large. Consumer bankruptcy is the last resort for the ‘casualties’ of modern consumer societies and finance-driven economies, and each year millions of over-indebted individuals file a petition for debt relief and obtain a financial ‘fresh start’ and a second chance in economic and social life.
The present study describes, compares and classifies the substantive rules and underlying norms of consumer bankruptcy regimes in fifteen advanced economies: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, England and Wales, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland, Sweden and the United States of America. The study pursues four aims: First, it aims to advance consumer bankruptcy research – and particularly the new field of ‘comparative consumer bankruptcy’ – by providing theory-guided and broadly applicable conceptualizations of consumer bankruptcy and its actors, aims and building blocks. Second, the study offers the first systematic and detailed comparison of consumer bankruptcy systems from a broad range of legal, economic and social-political traditions and thus enables academics, legislators and legal practitioners to improve their understanding of the substantive rules of consumer insolvency and debt relief in various countries. Third, the study provides an empirical classification of consumer bankruptcy systems in advanced economies based on a theory-driven framework, a new comparative dataset, and hierarchical cluster analysis as classification method; this classification shows that consumer bankruptcy systems differ not only in their substantive rules but also in their underlying economic, legal and social-political foundations and their resultant understandings of debtors, creditors, the market and the public order. And fourth, by outlining the different normative orientations of consumer bankruptcy systems, this sociological analysis of the legal regulation of consumer insolvency and debt relief aims to connect consumer bankruptcy research to neighboring fields of study, such as political economy and sociology as well as consumer and social policy research.
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In the past decades the growth of consumer credit has led to increased debt problems of private h... more In the past decades the growth of consumer credit has led to increased debt problems of private households, and many advanced economies have responded to this new social risk of consumer over-indebtedness by adopting consumer bankruptcy laws that enable insolvent individuals a financial ‘fresh start’ via discharge of debts. This paper discusses consumer bankruptcy as social policy in finance-driven capitalism, classifies the consumer bankruptcy systems of fifteen advanced economies, and examines the problem of social exclusion in European consumer bankruptcy systems. Three main points are made: First, two approaches to consumer bankruptcy in Western Europe can be discerned, a ‘Germanic’ liability model emphasizing the debtor’s responsibility for debt payment, and a ‘Franco-Scandinavian’ mercy model focusing on the debtor’s deservingness for debt relief. Second, both approaches exclude a considerable share of insolvent individuals from a ‘fresh start’, but they differ regarding their normative foundations, mechanisms of exclusion, and types of debtors excluded. Third, exclusion of over-indebted households harms debtors and societies, and it can be tackled by strengthening consumer bankruptcy’s function of regulating the credit market, not by bringing welfare policies into consumer debt relief.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Insolvency Review
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International Insolvency Review
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Insolvency Review
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Sozialer Fortschritt
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Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, 2015
In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben viele wirtschaftlich entwickelte Staaten auf das soziale Risiko ... more In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben viele wirtschaftlich entwickelte Staaten auf das soziale Risiko der Überschuldung bzw. Insolvenz von Privathaushalten mit der Einführung von Verbraucherinsolvenzverfahren reagiert, die zahlungsunfähigen natürlichen Personen einen finanziellen Neuanfang mittels Restschuldbefreiung ermöglichen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeichnet die Entwicklung des Privatinsolvenzrechts hin zu einem Instrument der Sozialpolitik nach, erläutert das Verbraucherinsolvenzverfahren und analysiert in einem Ländervergleich zwischen Deutschland, Schweden und den USA verschiedene Varianten der staatlichen Regulierung von Entschuldung. Ich argumentiere, dass sich diese Varianten in ihren rechtlichen Regelungen, normativen Grundorientierungen und sozialpolitischen Wirkungen unterscheiden.
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Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, 2015
Mit Finanzialisierung bezeichnen wir einen Prozess, in dem die ökonomischen Produkte, Praktiken u... more Mit Finanzialisierung bezeichnen wir einen Prozess, in dem die ökonomischen Produkte, Praktiken und Normen der Finanzmärkte soziale Wirkung über ihren ursprünglichen Bereich hinaus entfalten und dabei zusehends in Beziehung zur alltäglichen Wirtschaftstätigkeit der Individuen und zum Sozialstaat treten. Die Debatte über Finanzialisierung hat ihren Schwerpunkt bislang im englischsprachigen Raum, und es ist das Ziel des vorliegenden Schwerpunktheftes, die Relevanz dieses paradigmatischen Zugangs auch für die Bundesrepublik aufzuzeigen.
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Heuer, Jan; Hils, Sylvia; Richter, Anika; Schröder, Brunhild; Sackmann, Reinhold, 2005: Der außer... more Heuer, Jan; Hils, Sylvia; Richter, Anika; Schröder, Brunhild; Sackmann, Reinhold, 2005: Der außergerichtliche Einigungsversuch im Verbraucherinsolvenzverfahren : Inkasso-Unternehmen als Datenquelle für Verschuldungsuntersuchungen. Der Hallesche Graureiher 2005,3. Forschungsberichte des Instituts für Soziologie. Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
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Journal of European Social Policy
Previous research suggests that European citizens share consistent attitudes towards the relative... more Previous research suggests that European citizens share consistent attitudes towards the relative deservingness of different target groups of social policy, such as perceiving elderly people as most deserving, unemployed people as less deserving and immigrants as least deserving. Yet, it is unclear which criteria people apply when making these judgements. In this article, we explore the reasoning behind deservingness judgements. We analyse how four focus groups – from the middle class, the working class, young people and elderly people – discuss and rank various vignettes representing welfare target groups. Our focus groups’ rankings mirror the well-established rank order of welfare target groups, and we also introduce further target groups: median-income families, low-income earners, and well-off earners. Our analyses of reasoning patterns show that depending on the target group specific combinations of deservingness criteria suggested in the literature (e.g. need, reciprocity, ide...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Social Policy
Modern welfare regimes rest on a range of actors – state, market, family/households, employers an... more Modern welfare regimes rest on a range of actors – state, market, family/households, employers and charities – but austerity programmes diminish the contribution of the state. While changes in this ‘welfare mix’ require support from the population, attitude studies have focused mainly on people’s views on state responsibilities, using welfare regime theory to explain differences. This paper contributes to our understanding of the welfare mix by including other providers such as the market, the family or employers, and also introduces social risk theories, contrasting new and old risks. Regime theory implies differences will persist over time, but risk theory suggests that growing similarities in certain risks may tend to promote international convergence. This article examines attitudes to the roles of state, market, family, charity/community and employer for pension and childcare in Germany and the UK. We collected data using deliberative forums, a new method in social policy resea...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Comparative Sociology
Do people in different countries understand and frame the principle of meritocracy differently? T... more Do people in different countries understand and frame the principle of meritocracy differently? This question is the starting point for this cross-national analysis of the moral repertoires of meritocracy in four countries: Germany, Norway, Slovenia and the United Kingdom. The authors pursue a mixed methods approach, using data from the European Social Survey 2016 and qualitative data from group discussions. In these discussions, citizens openly talked about issues like inequality and social policy, which allows us to study their understandings and framings of meritocracy. The authors show that the issue of unequal rewards does not only find different levels of support, but also that people – corresponding to the context they live in – have different understandings of which merits should count. The authors identify a ‘market success meritocracy’ in the UK, a work-centred understanding in Germany, a ‘common good meritocracy’ in Norway, and non-salience of this issue in Slovenia.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Oxford Scholarship Online
Germany had already made major reforms to social policy before the Great Recession. It had moved ... more Germany had already made major reforms to social policy before the Great Recession. It had moved away from the traditional corporatist breadwinner welfare state model towards greater individual responsibility (private pensions and workfarist reforms, with sharp benefit cuts), and much more extensive support for childcare. Social investment and training measures have been much strengthened. These measures, carried out within a general framework of austerity and retrenchment, had increased employment, although the expansion in work since the early 2000s was mainly in low-skilled precarious jobs. The country weathered the recession successfully. New pressures are from the deepening divisions between those advantaged by the new regime (highly skilled middle-class people in secure jobs) and outsiders in an increasingly dualized labour market. Very high levels of immigration have led to further tensions. Germany has successfully transformed its welfare state, but faces further challenges ...
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Social Policy & Administration
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Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This book explores the extent to which a transformation of public employment regimes has taken pl... more This book explores the extent to which a transformation of public employment regimes has taken place in four Western countries, and the factors influencing the pathways of reform. It demonstrates how public employment regimes have unravelled in different domains of public service, contesting the idea that the state remains a 'model' employer.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Kapitalismus als Lebensform? Deutungsmuster, Legitimation und Kritik in der Marktgesellschaft, 2016
Seit den 1990er Jahren hat im öffentlichen Dienst in Deutschland eine Ökonomisierung stattgefunde... more Seit den 1990er Jahren hat im öffentlichen Dienst in Deutschland eine Ökonomisierung stattgefunden, in deren Verlauf traditionelle „Staatsdiener“-Werte wie Loyalität, Neutralität und Regelgeleitetes Handeln durch neue Wertorientierungen wie Effizienz, Flexibilität, Transparenz oder Kundenorientierung ergänzt oder ersetzt worden sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht mittels Fokusgruppendiskussionen von Beschäftigten in drei Bereichen des öffentlichen Dienstes, inwieweit diese neuen „Dienstleister“-Werte im beruflichen Selbstverständnis der Beschäftigten angekommen sind. Dabei zeigt sich, dass selbst in einem hoheitlichen und marktfernen Bereich wie der Polizei „Dienstleister“-Werte eine Rolle spielen, wenngleich „Staatsdiener“-Werte wie Regelgeleitetes Handeln und Neutralität dominieren. Auch bei der Bundesnetzagentur als neuer Behörde zur Regulierung der privatisierten Infrastrukturen dominieren „Staatsdiener“-Werte, während „Dienstleister“-Werten ein eher instrumenteller Charakter zugebilligt wird. Die Müllabfuhr zeigt demgegenüber, dass Markt und direkter Wettbewerb mit privaten Anbietern zu einer Internalisierung der „Dienstleister“-Werte führen, wohingegen „Staatsdiener“-Werte eher als Wettbewerbshindernis angesehen werden. Insgesamt deuten die Ergebnisse auf eine große Heterogenität von Wertorientierungen bei öffentlich Beschäftigten und auf einen Zusammenhang mit dem Marktbezug des jeweiligen Bereichs hin.
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