Kabiru Salami | University of Ibadan (original) (raw)

Papers by Kabiru Salami

Deleted Journal, May 22, 2024

PubMed, Nov 1, 2022

According to UNAIDS, the 90-90-90 strategy calls for 90% of HIV-infected individuals to be diagno... more According to UNAIDS, the 90-90-90 strategy calls for 90% of HIV-infected individuals to be diagnosed by 2020, 90% of whom will be on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and 90% of whom will achieve sustained virologic suppression. HIV counselling and testing (HCT) is an important entry point for effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, evidence abounds that HCT is often missed by pregnant women during antenatal care in Nigeria. We used secondary data from the 2018 Nigerian National Nutrition and Health Survey (NNHS) to determine the pattern of missed opportunities within the HCT algorithm and the factors associated with the missed opportunities. Of the 8,329 eligible women, 2,327 (27.9%) missed HCT because of lack of antenatal care; 1,493 (24.9%) missed HIV pre-test counselling; 180 (4.0%) missed HIV testing after participating in pre-test counselling, while 793 (18.2%) missed collection of HIV result and post-test counselling. Generally, most of the women that missed HCT were from the North West (43.3%) and had their antenatal care with traditional birth attendants. The odds of missing ANC were higher in women in the Northern and Southern regions. Concerning pre-test HIV counselling, the odds of missing it were higher among women in the Northwest and Southeast while the odds of missing post-test counselling of HIV test were higher among women in the Northeast and Southeast relative to other regions. Using TBA as a care provider was associated with higher odds of women missing pre-test and post-test counselling of HIV during ANC compared to those that used doctors or midwives or CHEWs. Missed opportunities are common in different stages of HIV counselling and testing pathway in Nigeria, particularly in the Northern regions. Future studies would need to identify the specific reasons for these missed opportunities, enabling the targeting of more specific policy reform and interventions.

Journal of Caring Sciences, Jun 1, 2020

Introduction Globally, the population of the elderly continues to rise. This is attributed to the... more Introduction Globally, the population of the elderly continues to rise. This is attributed to the improvement in health care facilities, technology, elderly nutrition and establishment of organizations, and policies that cater for the needs of the aged. Currently, the population of people aged 60 years and above is more than 800 million at the global level, while it is projected to go over 2 billion by the year 2050. 1 Also, many countries in the developing world are experiencing rapid population ageing, prompting concerns of possible adverse effects on their socioeconomic advancement, and on the well-being of older population. 2 In many of the advanced countries, social supports are available to elderly people. For instance, there is SPICE (Singapore Programme for Integrated Care for the Elderly) centre which provides comprehensive and home-based services to support elderly people in Singapore. 3 In contrast, some countries are still unable to do this. Afghanistan, for instance, has no pension to those not in the government 4 and, while Nigeria situation is similar for the elderly where comprehensive social support is not available. 5 Social support, such as emotional, instrumental/ tangible and informational is the positive exchange with network members and can help people stay healthy and cope with adverse events. 6,7 Relatively, old age is associated with psychological, biological and emotional condition. It is also highly believed that the elderly is more vulnerable to different forms of diseases and illnesses such as dementia and arthritis. 8 Social support in old age, regardless of individual's socioeconomic status, health risks behaviour and use of health services, has strong bearing on the health status of older people. 9 Waidler et al., 10 affirmed that family still counts for a large proportion of old-age supports. Social support can promote health by providing persons with positive experiences, socially active roles or improved ability to cope with stressful event. 11 Despite the benefits attributed to social support from various sources, the elderly still relies on the adult children, especially those earning income as a source of social support in Nigeria. 12 Several studies have documented how the lack of enough social supports have influenced the social and wellbeing of the elderly. For instance, older people's lives, characterized by growing inadequacies in customary family support and non-existent social security targeted at them, make

The journal of aging and social change, 2019

African Population Studies, Mar 24, 2014

This study examined the prevalence and pattern of health-seeking behavior of older people on mala... more This study examined the prevalence and pattern of health-seeking behavior of older people on malaria fever among the elderly in Nigeria. Data from the Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey were used with a weighted sample of 1819 older persons aged 60 and above across the six geopolitical regions in Nigeria. The odds of fever as well as treatment seeking were predicted using logistic regression models. The prevalence rate of fever among the aged in Nigeria is 28%. About half of the respondents did not receive treatment in a standard health facility. There is high patronage of chemist/patient medicine vendor/shops for malaria fever treatment among older people in Nigeria. Findings suggest that older people may use healthcare facility if it is affordable. The lifelong approach that can reduce poverty and illiteracy is recommended since the ruralurban differences in treatment seeking reduced with the inclusion of other socio-demographic variables in the model.

Health, 2013

Most studies on beggars in Nigeria have focused exclusively on the social course of indigenous be... more Most studies on beggars in Nigeria have focused exclusively on the social course of indigenous begging activities in Nigerian cities. There exists dearth of knowledge about international migrant beggars and their health-seeking behavior in Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria. A cross sectional survey data were collected through purposive sampling technique among a total of 250 international migrant beggars in six locations in Ibadan. Results showed that 56% of respondents were female, few had formal education, 85.6% were married, and 94.8% were Muslim. Respondents migrated from Niger (83.6%), Chad (11.2%), Mali (4.0%) and Benin (1.2%). None had a legal residence permit. Respondents' mean residence duration in Nigeria was 8.5 years. Malaria was common to beggars both in their home country and in Nigeria. Treatment was received from patent medicine vendors by 51.2% respondents. Advice for appropriate treatment for illness was received from family members by 44.4% migrant beggars. Sex and country of beggars have a direct relationship with the treatment seeking (P < 0.05). Financial and legal status of migrant beggars dynamically limited their healthcare choices. Routine health education on hygiene practice and appropriate treatment-seeking should be taken to beggars at their different locations by health workers as means of prevention of the spread of diseases.

The involvement of female adolescents in alcohol misuse in Nigeria is both public health and soci... more The involvement of female adolescents in alcohol misuse in Nigeria is both public health and social concern. This study examined the prevalence of alcohol consumption and the motivating factors among adolescents in rural and urban communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Five hundred copies of a standardized questionnaire were administered to out-of-school female adolescents assessing alcohol use. Twelve in-depth interviews were also conducted. The consumption of alcohol two weeks prior to the survey, among out-of-school female adolescents, in the rural and urban areas stood at 41.6% and 47.2% respectively. Friends were found to be the main motivator to use of alcohol at both rural and urban communities. About 24% of the respondents in the rural area preferred drinking palm wine, while 30.8% in the urban areas had consumed alcoholic wine. Respondents were exposed to alcohol use at an age range of <10-16 years. There is need for focused health education geared toward reducing the menace of excessive alcohol consumption through campaigns, from religious leaders and the mass media in Nigeria.

African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Mar 6, 2019

Waste generation, a possible source of epidemics in market or any other work environment could al... more Waste generation, a possible source of epidemics in market or any other work environment could also be made a source of income generation if properly managed. Through an evaluative study in Alesinloye market, Ibadan, it was evident that intervention of Solid waste management in a market place could be effective and efficient, ranging from waste collection stage to the final disposal of waste. Alesinloye market environs was neater and cleaner after the waste management project introduced in 2009. Waste was also consciously disposed by traders daily, while waste recycling became a source of income to the management of the market. The commitment of the management and active involvement of members of the work environment were significant in the prevention of epidemics in the market area.

The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, Jul 1, 2003

Adolescents in secondary schools in Ibadan were involved in the design and utilization of their o... more Adolescents in secondary schools in Ibadan were involved in the design and utilization of their own story-flipchart for the teaching of reproductive health. Full participation of the students ranged from message development in the form of a story line picture conceptualization to conducting teaching sessions with the resulting materials. Discussion groups among high school students helped identify a priority concern of inappropriate sexual interaction. Subsequently, three groups of intervention secondary schools were formed: students in two schools were selected by their peers to develop and use the story-flipchart; students in two more schools were trained to use the materials developed by the first group; and teachers in two more schools were likewise trained to use the materials. Intervention during a three-month school term was monitored. Follow-up in-depth interviews with the educators and focus group discussions among members of the student audience were used to gather feedback on the materials and the process. The study showed that adolescents can identify a common problem to people of their age and can design a meaningful program that can teach prevention of such a problem.

![Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and Risks/Challenges of Grand Multiparity to Womens` Health in Oyo State Nigeria](https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg)

African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Jul 22, 2019

Grand multiparity (GMP) means women undergoing between five and nine viable pregnancies and deliv... more Grand multiparity (GMP) means women undergoing between five and nine viable pregnancies and deliveries. Scholarly attention has been given to preventing GMP through reduction in fertility. However the prevalence of GMP, couple with dearth of information of its threat women`s health especially in Oyo-state, Nigeria has not been adequately addressed. Health belief model (HBM) formed the frame work for this study. A total of 422 structured questionnaire were administered in a survey to GMP women using snow-balling method. Qualitative method was used in selecting and interviewing twelve key-informants with four healthcare practitioners each from western, traditional, and faith-based patterns of healthcare utilisation. GMP women and men were equally engaged in six sessions of focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analysed using Chi-square and Cross-tabulation at p≤0.05. Qualitative data were content analysed. Mean respondents’ age was 43.3years ±1.2. About 41.0% and 19.0% acquired secondary and tertiary education respectively. About 18.7% affirmed the prevalence and threat of GMP. 30.0% indicated negative response to the prevalence of GMP, while 50.6% were neutral in their responses. Result showed that 71.5% of respondents indicated positive response to universality of illness during GMP. GMP was significantly associated with respondents’ level of education (χ2=365.85). Maternal age (β =0.04) and higher parity (β =0.08) were significantly related to preterm delivery. The study concluded that GMP and its health-risks still exist in the rural areas of Akinyele Local Government Area and socio-cultural factors are major drivers of GMP.

Journal of aging & geriatric medicine, 2018

The growing rate of elderly population in Nigeria will attract various disciplines to conduct div... more The growing rate of elderly population in Nigeria will attract various disciplines to conduct diverse studies on the population bearing in mind that elderly category is one of the most vulnerable groups in the society. However, understanding the appropriate methodological context applicable to categories of elderly, in Social research, increases the quality of research outcomes. Consideration for these contexts is the main interest in this paper. The paper provides information on the criteria relative to conducting social research among the elderly in southwestern Nigeria. Understanding particular methods appropriate for carrying out survey should be considered before the onset of instrument design and to implementation stages. The paper concludes that interviewer-administered questionnaire is appropriate, while understanding appropriate salutation relative to study environment would increase researcher-elderly interaction and foster quality findings.

Health, 2018

Introduction: Malaria in pregnancy, which enormously creates substantial risks for the mother and... more Introduction: Malaria in pregnancy, which enormously creates substantial risks for the mother and her fetus, is a public health problem in Nigeria. Design and Methods: Through questionnaire administration, this cross-sectional survey investigates the influence of the household environment on malaria preventive and treatment behaviors among 300 pregnant women in two selected areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. In addition, four focus group discussions and four in-depth interviews were conducted, all between October 2015 and March, 2016. Results: Findings from the study indicate a positive relationship between income level (P = 0.000), educational level (P = 0.000) and preventive behavior and perception of malaria. There, however, is a negative relationship (P = 0.122) between place of residence and number of malaria episodes of the respondents. A high awareness on the cause of Malaria was recorded in this study, while a low awareness on the consequences of malaria infection in Pregnancy was visible. Conclusion and Recommendation: The household environment of pregnant women was found a key predictor in the prevention and treatment of malaria in both rural and urban areas of Oyo State Nigeria. Nationwide programme aimed at reducing malaria especially among pregnant women is needed in Nigeria.

The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, Oct 1, 2011

Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Jun 1, 2012

This study examines attempts by the Nigerian government to increase the access of the poorest peo... more This study examines attempts by the Nigerian government to increase the access of the poorest people to modern health care services, through the Bamako Initiative programme. Responses obtained from health service providers and consumers, as well as community leaders selected from across the four health zones in Nigeria, showed a conclusion that although the operational structures to accomplish the Bamako initiative objectives are in place, access to health services by the poorest is still difficult. The operation of the programme in this direction also runs parallel to existing Nigerian traditional structures to accommodate the indigent in the community. The study suggests that both structures need to be integrated to increase access to health care services.

Nigerian journal of sociology and anthropology, Nov 1, 2016

One of the strategies for promoting malaria prevention and control globally is advertisement of a... more One of the strategies for promoting malaria prevention and control globally is advertisement of anti-malaria products. This study was designed to determine users' preferences for style of advertisement and communication of anti-malaria products in Ibadan. Data collection involved twelve Key Informant Interviews and 500 copies of a questionnaire. Radio was the most preferred and most accessible medium of advert in both rural and urban areas. A large majority (86.4%) of rural dwellers preferred advertisements in form of speeches, house-to-house campaigns, face-to-face counselling and rallies. Whereas, advertisement in forms of drama (44.0%) and music (16.0%) were preferred by the urban dwellers. Results show that advertisements and communication programs on anti-malaria products do not relay messages on drug reaction and its treatment, and cost of anti-malaria products. Hence, advertisements and communicative programmes for controlling malaria would be more effective if the social and environmental factors influencing preferences for advertisement are put into consideration.

African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Jul 16, 2016

This paper focuses on information needs and sharing among Ibadan residents, taking into cognizanc... more This paper focuses on information needs and sharing among Ibadan residents, taking into cognizance the people’s social environment and media accessibility. Five hundred copies of a questionnaire were administered among household heads and 12 key informant interviews were conducted in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Most respondents in the rural (57%) and urban (93%) areas possessed radio which was mainly used for information sharing and entertainment purposes. Mobile phones (93%) and television sets (76%) were possessed by urban dwellers more than their rural counterparts, whereas Internet facilities were more accessed (42%) than possessed (36%) by urban dwellers. Both rural and urban dwellers attributed inability to fully utilize the media to factors such as poor electricity supply, network uncertainties, promotion of immorality and frequent bad news projected by radio and television. Findings in this study emphasised the social and environmental differences in the adoption of the media for information sharing among rural and urban dwellers. Thus, the goal of the media is better achieved when the factors that determine the use of media in different zones are properly examined and messages are designed to fit the nature of particular environments.