Pragati Shukla - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Pragati Shukla
This paper makes an attempt to historicize Gender Studies by going into the origin of the theory ... more This paper makes an attempt to historicize Gender Studies by going into the origin of the theory and its implication across time and space. Moreover it discusses the major issues in lesbian/gay criticism with the help of Alice Walker's The Color Purple (1982) and Carl Churchill's The Cloud Nine (1979) and it's relation to Queer theory. Gender theory came out in the 1980's from Feminist Criticism of the 1970's. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's Between Man: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire (1985) and Judith Butlers' Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990) are known as the fountain head of Gender Theory. Gender Criticism was very popular and at the same time controversial in the last decades of the 20th century. It came into existence after the emergence of sexuality as a fourth category in Western Culture. Western Culture was structured on gender, race and class, particularly the differences among these three categories. But the attachment of sexuality changed the whole scenario of western culture. Hans Bartens says:-Until fairly recently critical interest was primarily focused on the three areas of difference, those of gender, race and class, that seemed to be most central in the way Western Culture has over the ages structured itself ...Gender and Race have traditionally gone together in organizing the West's response to non-western peoples and in establishing an exclusively Western Identity. Since the 1980's a fourth area of difference, that of sexuality, has gained prominence as an important principle of social and cultural organization. (217-18) The emergence of sexuality as norm in Western Culture gave birth to Gender studies in the literary canon. It was not too long ago that the Western people viewed sexuality a natural. They believed that sex was built into the body, into human genetics, hormones into the very physiology of individuals as World Health Organization says, "Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women (WHO)."But the new social perspective on sexuality challenged a conventional perception that assumed a natural division between men and women that extended into their sexualities. Against this naturalistic view of gender and sexuality, feminists argued that society, not nature, creates gender and sexual differences. As Simone de Beauvoir says, "One is not born women, one becomes one (301)".This view proposes that women's sexuality is socially shaped in a way that sustain men's social and political www.researchscholar.co.in
What technique takes place when narratives expressed through the written words are transformed in... more What technique takes place when narratives expressed through the written words are transformed into the language of sound and moving pictures? The purpose of this paper is to discuss the interesting process of transforming a work of literature into film with the especial study of Alice Walker's The Color Purple. Guide, Devdas, Angoor, ShatranjKeKhiladi, Maqbool, Omkara, 3 Idiot, these are famous film titles from the past years. They have one thing in common. All of them have literary sources; they are film adaptation of novels, drama or short -stories. But the term 'adaptation' is not a new phenomenon at all and not just a part of film studies. If we talk about intertextuality, we find that stories always seem to draw from other stories. Even the ancient Indian dramatist, poets like Kalidas, Tulsidas based their work in most cases on myths and stories that had already been told. Moreover the process of adaptation first came in literary studies when the reader started changing words into images. In other words, in literature this process takes place when a reader reads a text and starts to change or alter the words of the text into images in his mind. Thus the process of adaptation shows a relationship between words and images, and in cinematic world, it shows a relationship between a verbal text and a visual text. The term adaptation is sometime used as, transference, transformation and interpretation. But it is incorrect to use it in this sense because a film, based on a work, is not a transference or interpretation of the text but actually is an adaptation or alteration of a verbal text into a visual text. In other words, it is a making of a new text not an interpretation of the text.
The Criterion An International Journal in English, 2013
What technique takes place when narratives expressed through the written words are transformed in... more What technique takes place when narratives expressed through the written words are transformed into the language of sound and moving pictures? The purpose of this paper is to discuss the interesting process of transforming a work of literature into film with the especial
study of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple. Guide, Devdas, Angoor, ShatranjKeKhiladi, Maqbool, Omkara, 3 Idiot, these are famous
film titles from the past years. They have one thing in common. All of them have literary sources; they are film adaptation of novels, drama or short –stories. But the term ‘adaptation’ is not a new phenomenon at all and not just a part of film studies. If we talk about intertextuality, we find that stories always seem to draw from other stories. Even the ancient Indian dramatist, poets like Kalidas, Tulsidas based their work in most cases on myths and stories that had already been told. Moreover the process of adaptation first came in literary studies when the reader started changing words into images. In other words, in literature this process takes place when a reader reads a text and starts to change or alter the words of the text into images in his mind. Thus the process of adaptation shows a relationship between words and images, and in cinematic world, it shows a relationship between a verbal text and a visual text. The term adaptation is sometime used as, transference, transformation and interpretation. But it is incorrect to use it in this sense because a film, based on a work, is not a transference or interpretation of the text but actually is an adaptation or alteration of a verbal text into a visual text. In other words, it is a making of a new text not an interpretation of the text.
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH , 2013
Literature has strongly shaped the way we think and behave. Over the last hundred years film has ... more Literature has strongly shaped the way we think and behave. Over the last hundred years film has become a progressively more powerful and dominant form and we have sufficient evidence to suggest that the visual has now significantly replaced the written form as the leading mode of communication in contemporary society. Since film is a fairly recent phenomenon, it has rented a great deal from other forms of expression particularly from literature. The present paper focuses on the relation between film and literature and discusses film as a cinematic novel with the help of film Gandhi, directed by Richard Attenborough. This film is a multi award winning biopic film about the life of Mahatma Gandhi who was a leader of nonviolent resistance movement against British colonial rule in India during the first half of the 20th century. The reason to take Gandhi as a case study is because his teachings and ideology have influenced people of all over the world and many have attempted to portray Mahatma Gandhi's life through different creative avenues such as prose, poetry, drama and theatre.
International Journal Of English and Studies (IJOES), 2023
Womanhood is a journey that has evolved over a while by encompassing various roles, expectations,... more Womanhood is a journey that has evolved over a while by encompassing various roles, expectations, and challenges. Society's perception of women and their role in society has been transformed throughout history. Sometimes society has accepted women's hopes and desires, and many times it has been rejected what she felt. So in the game of inclusion and exclusion, the shades of womanhood have been changed and challenged dynamically by reflecting societal progress, rejecting stereotypes, and fighting for individuality, equality, and rights. This paper attempts to present the comprehensive picture of the diverse narrative of changing shades of womanhood in Hindi cinema through a case study of the film Thapaad (2020) and discusses how the normalization of marital abuse gets challenged in the film.
International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 2021
Child abuse is actually a physical, emotional, sexual harm to a child. Although, it is a global p... more Child abuse is actually a physical, emotional, sexual harm to a child. Although, it is a global problem, yet the lesser explored and discussed because many nations do not consider their traditional practices as a part
of child abuse. Though there are certain laws to deal with it still they are not enough to stop such disease. Likewise, when we trace the history of child abuse in literary texts, we find that it was always there though the
term is modern, but we still remember the classic fairy tales such as the story of “Cinderella” and “Snow White” where they were abused and tortured by their step mothers. Moreover, the advent of industrialization
and emergence of child labour gave subject to literary writers and scholars to discuss child maltreatment and vulnerabilities. This paper explores the representation of child abuse in literature and cinema.
This paper makes an attempt to historicize Gender Studies by going into the origin of the theory ... more This paper makes an attempt to historicize Gender Studies by going into the origin of the theory and its implication across time and space. Moreover it discusses the major issues in lesbian/gay criticism with the help of Alice Walker's The Color Purple (1982) and Carl Churchill's The Cloud Nine (1979) and it's relation to Queer theory. Gender theory came out in the 1980's from Feminist Criticism of the 1970's. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's Between Man: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire (1985) and Judith Butlers' Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990) are known as the fountain head of Gender Theory. Gender Criticism was very popular and at the same time controversial in the last decades of the 20th century. It came into existence after the emergence of sexuality as a fourth category in Western Culture. Western Culture was structured on gender, race and class, particularly the differences among these three categories. But the attachment of sexuality changed the whole scenario of western culture. Hans Bartens says:-Until fairly recently critical interest was primarily focused on the three areas of difference, those of gender, race and class, that seemed to be most central in the way Western Culture has over the ages structured itself ...Gender and Race have traditionally gone together in organizing the West's response to non-western peoples and in establishing an exclusively Western Identity. Since the 1980's a fourth area of difference, that of sexuality, has gained prominence as an important principle of social and cultural organization. (217-18) The emergence of sexuality as norm in Western Culture gave birth to Gender studies in the literary canon. It was not too long ago that the Western people viewed sexuality a natural. They believed that sex was built into the body, into human genetics, hormones into the very physiology of individuals as World Health Organization says, "Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women (WHO)."But the new social perspective on sexuality challenged a conventional perception that assumed a natural division between men and women that extended into their sexualities. Against this naturalistic view of gender and sexuality, feminists argued that society, not nature, creates gender and sexual differences. As Simone de Beauvoir says, "One is not born women, one becomes one (301)".This view proposes that women's sexuality is socially shaped in a way that sustain men's social and political www.researchscholar.co.in
What technique takes place when narratives expressed through the written words are transformed in... more What technique takes place when narratives expressed through the written words are transformed into the language of sound and moving pictures? The purpose of this paper is to discuss the interesting process of transforming a work of literature into film with the especial study of Alice Walker's The Color Purple. Guide, Devdas, Angoor, ShatranjKeKhiladi, Maqbool, Omkara, 3 Idiot, these are famous film titles from the past years. They have one thing in common. All of them have literary sources; they are film adaptation of novels, drama or short -stories. But the term 'adaptation' is not a new phenomenon at all and not just a part of film studies. If we talk about intertextuality, we find that stories always seem to draw from other stories. Even the ancient Indian dramatist, poets like Kalidas, Tulsidas based their work in most cases on myths and stories that had already been told. Moreover the process of adaptation first came in literary studies when the reader started changing words into images. In other words, in literature this process takes place when a reader reads a text and starts to change or alter the words of the text into images in his mind. Thus the process of adaptation shows a relationship between words and images, and in cinematic world, it shows a relationship between a verbal text and a visual text. The term adaptation is sometime used as, transference, transformation and interpretation. But it is incorrect to use it in this sense because a film, based on a work, is not a transference or interpretation of the text but actually is an adaptation or alteration of a verbal text into a visual text. In other words, it is a making of a new text not an interpretation of the text.
The Criterion An International Journal in English, 2013
What technique takes place when narratives expressed through the written words are transformed in... more What technique takes place when narratives expressed through the written words are transformed into the language of sound and moving pictures? The purpose of this paper is to discuss the interesting process of transforming a work of literature into film with the especial
study of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple. Guide, Devdas, Angoor, ShatranjKeKhiladi, Maqbool, Omkara, 3 Idiot, these are famous
film titles from the past years. They have one thing in common. All of them have literary sources; they are film adaptation of novels, drama or short –stories. But the term ‘adaptation’ is not a new phenomenon at all and not just a part of film studies. If we talk about intertextuality, we find that stories always seem to draw from other stories. Even the ancient Indian dramatist, poets like Kalidas, Tulsidas based their work in most cases on myths and stories that had already been told. Moreover the process of adaptation first came in literary studies when the reader started changing words into images. In other words, in literature this process takes place when a reader reads a text and starts to change or alter the words of the text into images in his mind. Thus the process of adaptation shows a relationship between words and images, and in cinematic world, it shows a relationship between a verbal text and a visual text. The term adaptation is sometime used as, transference, transformation and interpretation. But it is incorrect to use it in this sense because a film, based on a work, is not a transference or interpretation of the text but actually is an adaptation or alteration of a verbal text into a visual text. In other words, it is a making of a new text not an interpretation of the text.
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH , 2013
Literature has strongly shaped the way we think and behave. Over the last hundred years film has ... more Literature has strongly shaped the way we think and behave. Over the last hundred years film has become a progressively more powerful and dominant form and we have sufficient evidence to suggest that the visual has now significantly replaced the written form as the leading mode of communication in contemporary society. Since film is a fairly recent phenomenon, it has rented a great deal from other forms of expression particularly from literature. The present paper focuses on the relation between film and literature and discusses film as a cinematic novel with the help of film Gandhi, directed by Richard Attenborough. This film is a multi award winning biopic film about the life of Mahatma Gandhi who was a leader of nonviolent resistance movement against British colonial rule in India during the first half of the 20th century. The reason to take Gandhi as a case study is because his teachings and ideology have influenced people of all over the world and many have attempted to portray Mahatma Gandhi's life through different creative avenues such as prose, poetry, drama and theatre.
International Journal Of English and Studies (IJOES), 2023
Womanhood is a journey that has evolved over a while by encompassing various roles, expectations,... more Womanhood is a journey that has evolved over a while by encompassing various roles, expectations, and challenges. Society's perception of women and their role in society has been transformed throughout history. Sometimes society has accepted women's hopes and desires, and many times it has been rejected what she felt. So in the game of inclusion and exclusion, the shades of womanhood have been changed and challenged dynamically by reflecting societal progress, rejecting stereotypes, and fighting for individuality, equality, and rights. This paper attempts to present the comprehensive picture of the diverse narrative of changing shades of womanhood in Hindi cinema through a case study of the film Thapaad (2020) and discusses how the normalization of marital abuse gets challenged in the film.
International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 2021
Child abuse is actually a physical, emotional, sexual harm to a child. Although, it is a global p... more Child abuse is actually a physical, emotional, sexual harm to a child. Although, it is a global problem, yet the lesser explored and discussed because many nations do not consider their traditional practices as a part
of child abuse. Though there are certain laws to deal with it still they are not enough to stop such disease. Likewise, when we trace the history of child abuse in literary texts, we find that it was always there though the
term is modern, but we still remember the classic fairy tales such as the story of “Cinderella” and “Snow White” where they were abused and tortured by their step mothers. Moreover, the advent of industrialization
and emergence of child labour gave subject to literary writers and scholars to discuss child maltreatment and vulnerabilities. This paper explores the representation of child abuse in literature and cinema.