Dr. Md. Zahidul Islam | International Islamic University Malaysia (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Md. Zahidul Islam

HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 2022

Ethical principles are among the topics that are widely emphasised in the Islamic society. Ethics... more Ethical principles are among the topics that are widely emphasised in the Islamic society.
Ethics is a set of values, do’s and don’ts that can play an important role in the effective
management of organisations. If employees of organisations, especially medical staff, are
working in the atmosphere of Islamic ethics, they show functional behaviours in line with the
goals and missions of organisation. Due to the direct relationship and treatment of nurses with
recipients of medical services, nurses’ behaviours have significant impact on the quality of
services provided by medical centres. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the
relationship between Islamic ethics and commitment of 1100 Muslim nurses in Indonesia in
2021. This study was performed by descriptive-analytical correlational method. Data were
collected using Islamic ethics and organisational commitment questionnaires and measured
by Pearson correlation coefficient in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and
structural equation modelling analysis (SEM) in linear structural relationships (LISREL). The
results indicate that Islamic ethics have significant and positive relationship with nurses’
commitment as p = 0.542 and t = 5.63.
Contribution: According to the research findings, it can be concluded that commitment of
nurses can be improved by applying Islamic ethics in medical centres.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities,, 2022

This study analyses the maritime claims and maritime boundaries of Bangladesh and the ... more This study analyses the maritime claims and maritime boundaries of Bangladesh and the Kingdom of Norway (Norway), including mainland Norway, the Svalbard archipelago, and the island of Jan Mayen. The object of this study is to explore the maritime boundary delimitation process followed by Bangladesh and Norway and to find out similarities between both countries in such delimitation. It is qualitative research. In identifying and interpreting data both primary and secondary sources are considered. Primary sources include international treaties, agreements, statutes, case decisions etc. whereas, secondary sources include books, journal articles, and reports of national and international organizations etc. Findings of the study reveal that there is a similarity in the maritime claims of both the countries. Both Bangladesh and Norway claimed straight baselines, 12 nautical mile territorial sea, 24 nautical mile contiguous zone, 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone and extended continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. They have also completed maritime boundary settlement with all the neighbours.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities,, 2022

Smart farming is a revolutionary concept of modern science that denotes conducting farmin... more Smart farming is a revolutionary concept of modern science that denotes conducting farming activities using smart devices such as, IoT, robotics, drones, and AI. It can increase the quantity and quality of products significantly while optimizing the human labour. This paper explores different legal aspects of smart farming from the viewpoint of both the farm owner and the service provider. The purpose of this study is to analyse the legal issues and challenges arising out of smart farming and to suggest some recommendations to mitigate these issues. The study uses doctrinal legal research methodology followed by exploratory and analytical approach. Both primary and secondary sources are considered for identifying and interpreting data. The study finds that without specific, dedicated, and comprehensive legal regime it is impossible to govern the legal aspects of smart farming for any country. Therefore, it is recommended that every country needs a comprehensive legal regime to mitigate the legal issues and challenges of smart farming son that optimum benefit from smart farming can be attained and at the same time farm owners and service providers can be legally protected.

SARJANA, 2022

This study aims to understand the position of freedom of speech and expression and the right to f... more This study aims to understand the position of freedom of speech and expression and the right to freedom of speech in Malaysia stipulated in the Federal Constitution, the controversy over restrictions on freedom of speech, and the issues that hinder freedom of speech from being fully practised. Therefore, this study focuses on the extent of freedom of speech and expression under the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. This study employs qualitative analysis based on secondary data collection. The findings indicate that the Constitution does promote the right to freedom of speech and expression, and it is included in Article 10 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, which allows only its citizens to exercise. Freedom of speech and expression does not have any general structure and is notoriously known by others, such as national safety issues, public wellbeing, and good impulses. Nonetheless, this study lacks the analysis of present position of free speech and hate speech in Malaysia. However, the right to free speech is a fundamental part of human beings and in the establishment of a free society. This study emphasizes the importance of information in various platforms such as social media for citizens and the limitations of their freedom of speech and expressions.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities, 2022

Legally, a child is a person between birth and puberty who is generally a minor, also known as an... more Legally, a child is a person between birth and puberty who is generally a minor, also known as an individual younger than a major. Accordingly, based on the recent statistics, Bangladesh is home to over 160 million people, where more than 64 million children make up around 40 percent of the population. Many of these children continue to live below the global poverty line. Though children should have basic rights including food, education, well-being and nutrition, security, upbringing, entertainment, safe drinking, disinfection, and cleaning, these fundamental rights have been deprived of the rights of most descendants in Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims to examine firstly, the regulatory framework protecting children in Bangladesh that includes: international standards of child protection, international commitments of Bangladesh government, critical analysis of Children Act 1974, Children Rules 1976, and Children Act 2013 of Bangladesh, and National Policies and Action Plans on children protection and their shortcomings. Secondly, this study outlines a critical evaluation of domestic standards to protect children in the current Bangladeshi practices. It is a qualitative research. Secondary sources textbook, journal articles and case commentaries are used to examine the guarantee of children rights and to evaluate the applicability of laws within the country. The results of the study show that although there are several laws and policies to protect children in Bangladesh, children are still being exploited and ill-treated. Therefore, legal reforms should be introduced to combat the situation.

Kardan Journal of Economics and Management Sciences

Tannery in Bangladesh has long history as profitable business though it has both environmental an... more Tannery in Bangladesh has long history as profitable business though it has both environmental and health hazards. Labor rights of tannery workers are disrupted and their standard of living is miserable. Nevertheless, the job of tannery workers is tedious. The aim of this paper is to explore the current status of basic labor rights maintained in tanneries based on Dhaka and Narayanganj districts of Bangladesh. This study is qualitative in nature. Primary data have been collected from tannery workers through four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and five observations from five different factory visits in 2021. The findings reveal that tannery workers are exploited by insufficient employment benefits and lack of welfare facilities as stated in BLA-2006. They also suffer from occupational health, hygiene and safety crisis. Long working hour and pay below minimum wage are also common in this sector. In addition, tannery workers have serious observation on their pay, leave, job security, maternity benefit etc. This paper concludes with the observations that basic labor rights at tanneries in Bangladesh are not protected, which generate grievances. This study also recommends for practicing BLA-2006 in tannery sector in order to avoid further legal obligation and possible labor unrest.

Education Research International, 2022

The current research was an attempt to compare the impacts of online English language learning an... more The current research was an attempt to compare the impacts of online English language learning and face-to-face English language learning on Iranian EFL learners' grammatical knowledge and their learning motivation. To this end, the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was given to 81 Iranian EFL students, and 50 of them who were at the intermediate level were selected as the participants of the study. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups; one experimental group (EG) (n = 25) and one control group (CG) (n = 25). After that, both groups were pretested by a grammar test and a motivation questionnaire. After pretesting, the participants of the EG received the treatment through online instruction. On the other hand, the participants of the CG were taught the grammatical points through a face-to-face instruction. At the end of the treatment, both groups took the posttest of grammar and motivation. The EG outperformed the CG on both the grammar and motivation posttests, according to the findings of paired and independent samples t-tests. Implementing online instruction assisted Iranian EFL learners to enhance their grammatical knowledge and increase their learning motivation. The implications of this research can encourage teachers to use online learning methods in their classes.

JOURNAL OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES, 2022

Legally, a child is a person between birth and puberty who is generally a minor, also known as an... more Legally, a child is a person between birth and puberty who is generally a minor, also known as an individual younger than a major. Accordingly, based on the recent statistics, Bangladesh is home to over 160 million people, where more than 64 million children make up around 40 percent of the population. Many of these children continue to live below the global poverty line. Though children should have basic rights including food, education, well-being and nutrition, security, upbringing, entertainment, safe drinking, disinfection, and cleaning, these fundamental rights have been deprived of the rights of most descendants in Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims to examine firstly, the regulatory framework protecting children in Bangladesh that includes: international standards of child protection, international commitments of Bangladesh government, critical analysis of Children Act 1974, Children Rules 1976, and Children Act 2013 of Bangladesh, and National Policies and Action Plans on children protection and their shortcomings. Secondly, this study outlines a critical evaluation of domestic standards to protect children in the current Bangladeshi practices. It is a qualitative research. Secondary sources textbook, journal articles and case commentaries are used to examine the guarantee of children rights and to evaluate the applicability of laws within the country. The results of the study show that although there are several laws and policies to protect children in Bangladesh, children are still being exploited and ill-treated. Therefore, legal reforms should be introduced to combat the situation.

Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia & AIKOL, IIUM, ISBN: 978-967-0870-87-8, pp. 105-125, 2021

Health Policy and Technology, 2021

Like bone marrow and cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the regenerative potential of dent... more Like bone marrow and cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the regenerative potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) has been reported by several researchers. However, a lack of information on the knowledge and awareness of the Malaysians about DPSCs and their banking has been observed. Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of awareness and attitude among Malaysians about DPSCs and their banking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 983 Malaysians using face-to-face interviews (n = 458) and electronic surveys (n = 525) through social media. Significant differences between the two groups were analyzed using the student t-test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Hochberg's GT2 Posthoc analysis were used to determine the differences among ≥2 groups. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Knowledge of the participants on the DPSCs was fair (without scientific information) while knowledge on the regenerative potential of DPSCs was poor regardless of their race, gender and level of education. However, people with tertiary education have significantly (p < 0.001) higher knowledge compared to people with secondary education. Similarly, medical doctors, dentists, nurses and life science researchers presented significantly (p < 0.05) higher knowledge than the people from all other occupations. Although 91% of people were not aware of the presence of stem cell banks in Malaysia, 84% supported the establishment of DPSCs banking, 66% agreed to donate their children's DPSCs, 73% agreed to donate own DPSCs, and 83% interested to know more about DPSCs and their regenerative potentials. Conclusion: Supporting of DPSCs banking and willingness of donating DPSCs by the vast majority of people indicate that taking an initiative by policymakers and establishment of DPSCs bank in Malaysia would be fruitful. This would enhance the advanced medical care systems through regenerative medical therapy in Malaysia.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2021

Nowadays, online broadcasting services such as, Hotstar, Hulu, Netflix, Iflix Pandora, Amazon Pri... more Nowadays, online broadcasting services such as, Hotstar, Hulu, Netflix, Iflix Pandora, Amazon Prime Video etc are very popular in Malaysia for original video contents. Due to the rapid growth of online broadcasting services in Malaysia, it is necessary to examine the legal and regulatory framework governing the contents of online broadcasting services. Objectives: The basic objective of this study is to scrutinize the efficacy and applicability of the Communications and Multimedia Act (1998) and other relevant laws of Malaysia in regulating online broadcasting services with special concentration on offensive materials and hate speeches. It also tries to identify the major weaknesses of the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC), the main regulatory body in dealing with this specific matter. Methods: Legal and doctrinal research methodology is applied in this study followed by an analytical approach. Relevant data are collected after analyzing both the primary and secondary legal sources. Finding: Findings of the study reveals that the contents of online broadcasting services do not frequently violate the relevant laws and regulations of Malaysia and sometimes their agreement with consumers are made in such a way as to avoid legal responsibility for the contents provided. Hence, it is recommended that the online broadcasting services and its contents should be made subject to a special legal framework by enacting new laws and introducing a special regulatory body.

IIUM Law Journal, 2020

Easy accessibility of electronic devices connected to the internet and the widespread usage of th... more Easy accessibility of electronic devices connected to the internet and the widespread usage of the internet in every aspect of modern lives have made the use of social media an indispensable part of society. These technologically driven and completely-internet dependence means of living have brought detrimental implications as much as they have benefited lives. Each day more and more children are introduced to the internet and its benefits, either at home as a means of entertainment, or at school as a means of education. However, these opportunities provide avenues for the children to explore the ever-expanding vastness of the internet, leading to exposure of indecent materials, and accessing and participating in websites not meant for the usage by underage children. The glorification of social media websites through targeted advertisements and peer pressure adds to the already worsening crises of social media abuse through unlawful means. This article examines the protective measures taken by the authorities in Malaysia and Singapore to protect children in these two countries from the internet and social media related issues. The data is acquired doctrinally from library sources and the finding of this article could be extended to other areas of protecting young children from the harms of the internet.

Legal Network Series (CLJ Law), 2019

Freedom of speech is a vital element to humanity and for the foundation of a free society. The ma... more Freedom of speech is a vital element to humanity and for the foundation of a free society. The making and exhibition of films also falls under the free speech clause. Like other fundamental liberties, freedom of speech does not have any absolute form and it is related to the reputation of others like national security issues, public mental health and moral instincts. It is a contemporary debate that freedom of speech is restricted by censorship laws. The aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between freedom of speech and expression concerning censorship laws of Malaysia. It is a qualitative research. The information has been collected studying articles, books, newspapers and statutes. The restrictions on freedom of speech are acceptable for the interest of security of a state, public order and to establish friendly relationships with other foreign countries. In this case, censorship plays an important role to protect moral values, and law and order in a country.

International Journal of Engineering and advanced Technology , 2019

Film rating is designed to categories film with regard to its suitability for audiences in term o... more Film rating is designed to categories film with regard to its suitability for audiences in term of issues such as sex, violence, substance abuse, profanity or other types of mature content. Ratings typically carry age recommendations. This could be regarded as a form of censorship. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the legal framework of film rating and current challenges in implementing it. A qualitative research's method was adopted by gleaning information statutes, case law, articles and books. The research also conducted semi-structured interviews with film directors and members of the Film Censorship Board. The research found that there are some contradicting views regarding film rating between the censors and the film industry players.

New Straits Times, 2018

The term LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) has been in use since the 1990s whic... more The term LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) has been in use since the 1990s which stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. THE term lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) has been in use since the 1990s. It is an umbrella term relating to sexuality preferences and gender identity. It is broadly used to refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non-cisgender (people who do not have the same sex and gender, but do not identify as transgender).

New Straits Times, 2019

NETFLIX allows customers to watch television shows, movies, documentaries on Internet-connected d... more NETFLIX allows customers to watch television shows, movies, documentaries on Internet-connected devices, such as tablets, computers, mobile phones and smart TVs.

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering , 2019

Regulatory bodies and its primary activity are to protect public interest. It is established on t... more Regulatory bodies and its primary activity are to protect public interest. It is established on the basis of legal instruction. Regulatory bodies practice a supervisory function such as imposing requirements, restrictions and conditions in relation to any activity and safeguarding compliance or enforcement. The aim of this paper is to examine the film censorship regulators in Malaysia and Bangladesh. The researcher mainly adopted qualitative methods. The information has taken from many readings, articles, books, newspapers and statutes[1][5]. The researcher also conducted interview with the member of the film censorship board, directors and actors of both countries. For this, the researcher used semi-structured form of interview. Film censorship law playing an important role to protect public from negative influence and it is working as a mechanism to protect society.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities (ISSN 2413-2748), 2016

Crimes committed due to misuse of social networking sites are becoming a serious matter in Malays... more Crimes committed due to misuse of social networking sites are becoming a serious matter in Malaysia, Bangladesh as well as whole over the world. As a comparative study the key objective of this paper is to examine how social networking websites are being misused in committing crimes especially defamation on online environment in Bangladesh as well as Malaysia, and to analyze the legal frameworks and the attitudes of judiciaries of these jurisdictions on the present matter. It also attempts to identify the certain issues and challenges. Social Networking Sites particularly Twitter & Facebook are leading to various offences especially offensive and defamatory speech in those platforms. Although legal instruments recognize such activities as offences, the controlling of those is being affected due to existence of certain substantive as well as procedural lacuna in laws and ineffective enforcements mechanisms. The scope of crimes committed in cyber space due to misuse of social networking sites is wide, but the ambit of this paper is limited to offensive statements especially cyber defamation. It is not going to distinguish defamation committed online environment under civil or criminal laws rather to analyze defamation committed in Malaysia as well as Bangladesh through Facebook & Twitter.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities (ISSN 2413-2748), 2016

One of the fundamental principles governing the Letter of Credit operation is the principle of st... more One of the fundamental principles governing the Letter of Credit operation is the principle of strict compliance. The paper is based on the understanding of the “Doctrine of Strict Compliance” within the context of UCP 600 in international trade. The objectives of this study are to (i) analyze the current status of principle of strict compliance in letter of credit system; (ii) identify the implementation of the doctrine in International Trade; (iii) make an outline to develop a relation between the principle of strict compliance and UCP 600; (iv) and conclude the research by answering how the usage of UCP 600 softens the principle of strict compliance. The whole study of the paper focuses on how the implementation of UCP 600 softens the doctrine of strict compliance. The paper shall address the very basic characteristics of principle of strict compliance and shall find out how the application of the provisions of UCP 600 changes the characteristics of the doctrine. The outcome of the paper will bring a proper understanding on how the doctrine of strict compliance has changed and reformed over the year in international trade practices and how UCP 600 re-shaped the basic structure of that doctrine.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities (ISSN 2413-2748), 2016

Rohingya is a people under endless tyranny. They are living in Arakan region of present Myanmar (... more Rohingya is a people under endless tyranny. They are living in Arakan region of present Myanmar (Burma). They have long been subjected to campaigns of terror, genocide and extermination particularly under the military rule in Myanmar since 1962. The aim of this article is to highlight the major problems of Rohingya ethnic of Myanmar (Burma). In the same time, this article also tries to identify the present situation of Rohingya ethnic of Myanmar (Burma). The research will adopt qualitative methods of research. The Rohingya problem needs an immediate and permanent solution to which fact international community like United Nation (UN), Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), Non-Government Organizations and Human rights Organizations have to take attention on this issue

HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 2022

Ethical principles are among the topics that are widely emphasised in the Islamic society. Ethics... more Ethical principles are among the topics that are widely emphasised in the Islamic society.
Ethics is a set of values, do’s and don’ts that can play an important role in the effective
management of organisations. If employees of organisations, especially medical staff, are
working in the atmosphere of Islamic ethics, they show functional behaviours in line with the
goals and missions of organisation. Due to the direct relationship and treatment of nurses with
recipients of medical services, nurses’ behaviours have significant impact on the quality of
services provided by medical centres. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the
relationship between Islamic ethics and commitment of 1100 Muslim nurses in Indonesia in
2021. This study was performed by descriptive-analytical correlational method. Data were
collected using Islamic ethics and organisational commitment questionnaires and measured
by Pearson correlation coefficient in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and
structural equation modelling analysis (SEM) in linear structural relationships (LISREL). The
results indicate that Islamic ethics have significant and positive relationship with nurses’
commitment as p = 0.542 and t = 5.63.
Contribution: According to the research findings, it can be concluded that commitment of
nurses can be improved by applying Islamic ethics in medical centres.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities,, 2022

This study analyses the maritime claims and maritime boundaries of Bangladesh and the ... more This study analyses the maritime claims and maritime boundaries of Bangladesh and the Kingdom of Norway (Norway), including mainland Norway, the Svalbard archipelago, and the island of Jan Mayen. The object of this study is to explore the maritime boundary delimitation process followed by Bangladesh and Norway and to find out similarities between both countries in such delimitation. It is qualitative research. In identifying and interpreting data both primary and secondary sources are considered. Primary sources include international treaties, agreements, statutes, case decisions etc. whereas, secondary sources include books, journal articles, and reports of national and international organizations etc. Findings of the study reveal that there is a similarity in the maritime claims of both the countries. Both Bangladesh and Norway claimed straight baselines, 12 nautical mile territorial sea, 24 nautical mile contiguous zone, 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone and extended continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. They have also completed maritime boundary settlement with all the neighbours.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities,, 2022

Smart farming is a revolutionary concept of modern science that denotes conducting farmin... more Smart farming is a revolutionary concept of modern science that denotes conducting farming activities using smart devices such as, IoT, robotics, drones, and AI. It can increase the quantity and quality of products significantly while optimizing the human labour. This paper explores different legal aspects of smart farming from the viewpoint of both the farm owner and the service provider. The purpose of this study is to analyse the legal issues and challenges arising out of smart farming and to suggest some recommendations to mitigate these issues. The study uses doctrinal legal research methodology followed by exploratory and analytical approach. Both primary and secondary sources are considered for identifying and interpreting data. The study finds that without specific, dedicated, and comprehensive legal regime it is impossible to govern the legal aspects of smart farming for any country. Therefore, it is recommended that every country needs a comprehensive legal regime to mitigate the legal issues and challenges of smart farming son that optimum benefit from smart farming can be attained and at the same time farm owners and service providers can be legally protected.

SARJANA, 2022

This study aims to understand the position of freedom of speech and expression and the right to f... more This study aims to understand the position of freedom of speech and expression and the right to freedom of speech in Malaysia stipulated in the Federal Constitution, the controversy over restrictions on freedom of speech, and the issues that hinder freedom of speech from being fully practised. Therefore, this study focuses on the extent of freedom of speech and expression under the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. This study employs qualitative analysis based on secondary data collection. The findings indicate that the Constitution does promote the right to freedom of speech and expression, and it is included in Article 10 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, which allows only its citizens to exercise. Freedom of speech and expression does not have any general structure and is notoriously known by others, such as national safety issues, public wellbeing, and good impulses. Nonetheless, this study lacks the analysis of present position of free speech and hate speech in Malaysia. However, the right to free speech is a fundamental part of human beings and in the establishment of a free society. This study emphasizes the importance of information in various platforms such as social media for citizens and the limitations of their freedom of speech and expressions.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities, 2022

Legally, a child is a person between birth and puberty who is generally a minor, also known as an... more Legally, a child is a person between birth and puberty who is generally a minor, also known as an individual younger than a major. Accordingly, based on the recent statistics, Bangladesh is home to over 160 million people, where more than 64 million children make up around 40 percent of the population. Many of these children continue to live below the global poverty line. Though children should have basic rights including food, education, well-being and nutrition, security, upbringing, entertainment, safe drinking, disinfection, and cleaning, these fundamental rights have been deprived of the rights of most descendants in Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims to examine firstly, the regulatory framework protecting children in Bangladesh that includes: international standards of child protection, international commitments of Bangladesh government, critical analysis of Children Act 1974, Children Rules 1976, and Children Act 2013 of Bangladesh, and National Policies and Action Plans on children protection and their shortcomings. Secondly, this study outlines a critical evaluation of domestic standards to protect children in the current Bangladeshi practices. It is a qualitative research. Secondary sources textbook, journal articles and case commentaries are used to examine the guarantee of children rights and to evaluate the applicability of laws within the country. The results of the study show that although there are several laws and policies to protect children in Bangladesh, children are still being exploited and ill-treated. Therefore, legal reforms should be introduced to combat the situation.

Kardan Journal of Economics and Management Sciences

Tannery in Bangladesh has long history as profitable business though it has both environmental an... more Tannery in Bangladesh has long history as profitable business though it has both environmental and health hazards. Labor rights of tannery workers are disrupted and their standard of living is miserable. Nevertheless, the job of tannery workers is tedious. The aim of this paper is to explore the current status of basic labor rights maintained in tanneries based on Dhaka and Narayanganj districts of Bangladesh. This study is qualitative in nature. Primary data have been collected from tannery workers through four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and five observations from five different factory visits in 2021. The findings reveal that tannery workers are exploited by insufficient employment benefits and lack of welfare facilities as stated in BLA-2006. They also suffer from occupational health, hygiene and safety crisis. Long working hour and pay below minimum wage are also common in this sector. In addition, tannery workers have serious observation on their pay, leave, job security, maternity benefit etc. This paper concludes with the observations that basic labor rights at tanneries in Bangladesh are not protected, which generate grievances. This study also recommends for practicing BLA-2006 in tannery sector in order to avoid further legal obligation and possible labor unrest.

Education Research International, 2022

The current research was an attempt to compare the impacts of online English language learning an... more The current research was an attempt to compare the impacts of online English language learning and face-to-face English language learning on Iranian EFL learners' grammatical knowledge and their learning motivation. To this end, the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was given to 81 Iranian EFL students, and 50 of them who were at the intermediate level were selected as the participants of the study. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups; one experimental group (EG) (n = 25) and one control group (CG) (n = 25). After that, both groups were pretested by a grammar test and a motivation questionnaire. After pretesting, the participants of the EG received the treatment through online instruction. On the other hand, the participants of the CG were taught the grammatical points through a face-to-face instruction. At the end of the treatment, both groups took the posttest of grammar and motivation. The EG outperformed the CG on both the grammar and motivation posttests, according to the findings of paired and independent samples t-tests. Implementing online instruction assisted Iranian EFL learners to enhance their grammatical knowledge and increase their learning motivation. The implications of this research can encourage teachers to use online learning methods in their classes.

JOURNAL OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES, 2022

Legally, a child is a person between birth and puberty who is generally a minor, also known as an... more Legally, a child is a person between birth and puberty who is generally a minor, also known as an individual younger than a major. Accordingly, based on the recent statistics, Bangladesh is home to over 160 million people, where more than 64 million children make up around 40 percent of the population. Many of these children continue to live below the global poverty line. Though children should have basic rights including food, education, well-being and nutrition, security, upbringing, entertainment, safe drinking, disinfection, and cleaning, these fundamental rights have been deprived of the rights of most descendants in Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims to examine firstly, the regulatory framework protecting children in Bangladesh that includes: international standards of child protection, international commitments of Bangladesh government, critical analysis of Children Act 1974, Children Rules 1976, and Children Act 2013 of Bangladesh, and National Policies and Action Plans on children protection and their shortcomings. Secondly, this study outlines a critical evaluation of domestic standards to protect children in the current Bangladeshi practices. It is a qualitative research. Secondary sources textbook, journal articles and case commentaries are used to examine the guarantee of children rights and to evaluate the applicability of laws within the country. The results of the study show that although there are several laws and policies to protect children in Bangladesh, children are still being exploited and ill-treated. Therefore, legal reforms should be introduced to combat the situation.

Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia & AIKOL, IIUM, ISBN: 978-967-0870-87-8, pp. 105-125, 2021

Health Policy and Technology, 2021

Like bone marrow and cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the regenerative potential of dent... more Like bone marrow and cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the regenerative potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) has been reported by several researchers. However, a lack of information on the knowledge and awareness of the Malaysians about DPSCs and their banking has been observed. Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of awareness and attitude among Malaysians about DPSCs and their banking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 983 Malaysians using face-to-face interviews (n = 458) and electronic surveys (n = 525) through social media. Significant differences between the two groups were analyzed using the student t-test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Hochberg's GT2 Posthoc analysis were used to determine the differences among ≥2 groups. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Knowledge of the participants on the DPSCs was fair (without scientific information) while knowledge on the regenerative potential of DPSCs was poor regardless of their race, gender and level of education. However, people with tertiary education have significantly (p < 0.001) higher knowledge compared to people with secondary education. Similarly, medical doctors, dentists, nurses and life science researchers presented significantly (p < 0.05) higher knowledge than the people from all other occupations. Although 91% of people were not aware of the presence of stem cell banks in Malaysia, 84% supported the establishment of DPSCs banking, 66% agreed to donate their children's DPSCs, 73% agreed to donate own DPSCs, and 83% interested to know more about DPSCs and their regenerative potentials. Conclusion: Supporting of DPSCs banking and willingness of donating DPSCs by the vast majority of people indicate that taking an initiative by policymakers and establishment of DPSCs bank in Malaysia would be fruitful. This would enhance the advanced medical care systems through regenerative medical therapy in Malaysia.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2021

Nowadays, online broadcasting services such as, Hotstar, Hulu, Netflix, Iflix Pandora, Amazon Pri... more Nowadays, online broadcasting services such as, Hotstar, Hulu, Netflix, Iflix Pandora, Amazon Prime Video etc are very popular in Malaysia for original video contents. Due to the rapid growth of online broadcasting services in Malaysia, it is necessary to examine the legal and regulatory framework governing the contents of online broadcasting services. Objectives: The basic objective of this study is to scrutinize the efficacy and applicability of the Communications and Multimedia Act (1998) and other relevant laws of Malaysia in regulating online broadcasting services with special concentration on offensive materials and hate speeches. It also tries to identify the major weaknesses of the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC), the main regulatory body in dealing with this specific matter. Methods: Legal and doctrinal research methodology is applied in this study followed by an analytical approach. Relevant data are collected after analyzing both the primary and secondary legal sources. Finding: Findings of the study reveals that the contents of online broadcasting services do not frequently violate the relevant laws and regulations of Malaysia and sometimes their agreement with consumers are made in such a way as to avoid legal responsibility for the contents provided. Hence, it is recommended that the online broadcasting services and its contents should be made subject to a special legal framework by enacting new laws and introducing a special regulatory body.

IIUM Law Journal, 2020

Easy accessibility of electronic devices connected to the internet and the widespread usage of th... more Easy accessibility of electronic devices connected to the internet and the widespread usage of the internet in every aspect of modern lives have made the use of social media an indispensable part of society. These technologically driven and completely-internet dependence means of living have brought detrimental implications as much as they have benefited lives. Each day more and more children are introduced to the internet and its benefits, either at home as a means of entertainment, or at school as a means of education. However, these opportunities provide avenues for the children to explore the ever-expanding vastness of the internet, leading to exposure of indecent materials, and accessing and participating in websites not meant for the usage by underage children. The glorification of social media websites through targeted advertisements and peer pressure adds to the already worsening crises of social media abuse through unlawful means. This article examines the protective measures taken by the authorities in Malaysia and Singapore to protect children in these two countries from the internet and social media related issues. The data is acquired doctrinally from library sources and the finding of this article could be extended to other areas of protecting young children from the harms of the internet.

Legal Network Series (CLJ Law), 2019

Freedom of speech is a vital element to humanity and for the foundation of a free society. The ma... more Freedom of speech is a vital element to humanity and for the foundation of a free society. The making and exhibition of films also falls under the free speech clause. Like other fundamental liberties, freedom of speech does not have any absolute form and it is related to the reputation of others like national security issues, public mental health and moral instincts. It is a contemporary debate that freedom of speech is restricted by censorship laws. The aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between freedom of speech and expression concerning censorship laws of Malaysia. It is a qualitative research. The information has been collected studying articles, books, newspapers and statutes. The restrictions on freedom of speech are acceptable for the interest of security of a state, public order and to establish friendly relationships with other foreign countries. In this case, censorship plays an important role to protect moral values, and law and order in a country.

International Journal of Engineering and advanced Technology , 2019

Film rating is designed to categories film with regard to its suitability for audiences in term o... more Film rating is designed to categories film with regard to its suitability for audiences in term of issues such as sex, violence, substance abuse, profanity or other types of mature content. Ratings typically carry age recommendations. This could be regarded as a form of censorship. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the legal framework of film rating and current challenges in implementing it. A qualitative research's method was adopted by gleaning information statutes, case law, articles and books. The research also conducted semi-structured interviews with film directors and members of the Film Censorship Board. The research found that there are some contradicting views regarding film rating between the censors and the film industry players.

New Straits Times, 2018

The term LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) has been in use since the 1990s whic... more The term LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) has been in use since the 1990s which stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. THE term lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) has been in use since the 1990s. It is an umbrella term relating to sexuality preferences and gender identity. It is broadly used to refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non-cisgender (people who do not have the same sex and gender, but do not identify as transgender).

New Straits Times, 2019

NETFLIX allows customers to watch television shows, movies, documentaries on Internet-connected d... more NETFLIX allows customers to watch television shows, movies, documentaries on Internet-connected devices, such as tablets, computers, mobile phones and smart TVs.

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering , 2019

Regulatory bodies and its primary activity are to protect public interest. It is established on t... more Regulatory bodies and its primary activity are to protect public interest. It is established on the basis of legal instruction. Regulatory bodies practice a supervisory function such as imposing requirements, restrictions and conditions in relation to any activity and safeguarding compliance or enforcement. The aim of this paper is to examine the film censorship regulators in Malaysia and Bangladesh. The researcher mainly adopted qualitative methods. The information has taken from many readings, articles, books, newspapers and statutes[1][5]. The researcher also conducted interview with the member of the film censorship board, directors and actors of both countries. For this, the researcher used semi-structured form of interview. Film censorship law playing an important role to protect public from negative influence and it is working as a mechanism to protect society.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities (ISSN 2413-2748), 2016

Crimes committed due to misuse of social networking sites are becoming a serious matter in Malays... more Crimes committed due to misuse of social networking sites are becoming a serious matter in Malaysia, Bangladesh as well as whole over the world. As a comparative study the key objective of this paper is to examine how social networking websites are being misused in committing crimes especially defamation on online environment in Bangladesh as well as Malaysia, and to analyze the legal frameworks and the attitudes of judiciaries of these jurisdictions on the present matter. It also attempts to identify the certain issues and challenges. Social Networking Sites particularly Twitter & Facebook are leading to various offences especially offensive and defamatory speech in those platforms. Although legal instruments recognize such activities as offences, the controlling of those is being affected due to existence of certain substantive as well as procedural lacuna in laws and ineffective enforcements mechanisms. The scope of crimes committed in cyber space due to misuse of social networking sites is wide, but the ambit of this paper is limited to offensive statements especially cyber defamation. It is not going to distinguish defamation committed online environment under civil or criminal laws rather to analyze defamation committed in Malaysia as well as Bangladesh through Facebook & Twitter.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities (ISSN 2413-2748), 2016

One of the fundamental principles governing the Letter of Credit operation is the principle of st... more One of the fundamental principles governing the Letter of Credit operation is the principle of strict compliance. The paper is based on the understanding of the “Doctrine of Strict Compliance” within the context of UCP 600 in international trade. The objectives of this study are to (i) analyze the current status of principle of strict compliance in letter of credit system; (ii) identify the implementation of the doctrine in International Trade; (iii) make an outline to develop a relation between the principle of strict compliance and UCP 600; (iv) and conclude the research by answering how the usage of UCP 600 softens the principle of strict compliance. The whole study of the paper focuses on how the implementation of UCP 600 softens the doctrine of strict compliance. The paper shall address the very basic characteristics of principle of strict compliance and shall find out how the application of the provisions of UCP 600 changes the characteristics of the doctrine. The outcome of the paper will bring a proper understanding on how the doctrine of strict compliance has changed and reformed over the year in international trade practices and how UCP 600 re-shaped the basic structure of that doctrine.

Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities (ISSN 2413-2748), 2016

Rohingya is a people under endless tyranny. They are living in Arakan region of present Myanmar (... more Rohingya is a people under endless tyranny. They are living in Arakan region of present Myanmar (Burma). They have long been subjected to campaigns of terror, genocide and extermination particularly under the military rule in Myanmar since 1962. The aim of this article is to highlight the major problems of Rohingya ethnic of Myanmar (Burma). In the same time, this article also tries to identify the present situation of Rohingya ethnic of Myanmar (Burma). The research will adopt qualitative methods of research. The Rohingya problem needs an immediate and permanent solution to which fact international community like United Nation (UN), Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), Non-Government Organizations and Human rights Organizations have to take attention on this issue

05, 2021

Extreme acts and cruel treatment of children deprive them of their rights. Reliable and constant ... more Extreme acts and cruel treatment of children deprive them of their rights. Reliable and constant evidence from many countries shows that children are continuing to face brutal abuse, exploitation and distortive practices continue to happen despite the existence of laws which aims at protecting them. In fact, this remains mostly invisible. This study tries to draw attention regarding brutal behaviour towards children and major concerns on the need for regulatory changes. The reason for this study is to assess the role of existing laws in defending children rights in Bangladesh. Besides, the article aims to gain a deeper understanding of the present legal protection of children and how future reforms can be done. In addition, efforts have been made to study the various parts of children’s rights, which will affect the children-friendly environment. Secondary sources textbook, journal articles and case commentaries are used to examine the guarantee of children rights and to evaluate the applicability of laws within the country. The results of the study show that although there are several laws and policies to protect children in Bangladesh, children are still being exploited and ill-treated. Therefore, legal reforms should be introduced to combat the situation.