Chance Riggins | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (original) (raw)

Papers by Chance Riggins

Journal of Animal Science

The cultivation and utilization of hemp and hemp-derived products have increased at a rapid pace ... more The cultivation and utilization of hemp and hemp-derived products have increased at a rapid pace since the enactment of the 2018 farm bill which provided changes in regulation related to cannabis. Although there are three hemp-derived ingredients that have been generally recognized as safe status for human consumption by the FDA, no ingredients have been approved by the FDA for consumption by companion animals or defined by AAFCO. Hemp seeds have the potential to act as a rich source of plant protein, polyunsaturated fatty-acids, and dietary fiber in companion animal nutrition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing ground whole hemp seed in a baked chew on voluntary physical activity, fecal characteristics, fermentative-end products, and overall health status in healthy adult dogs. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and were in accordance with the United States Public Health...

Weed Science

Comparing fitness of herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible weed biotypes is important for... more Comparing fitness of herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible weed biotypes is important for managing herbicide resistance. Previous research suggests there is little to no fitness penalty from amplification of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene (a mechanism of glyphosate resistance) in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) in controlled studies in the greenhouse or growth chamber. A field study was conducted in North Carolina at three locations naturally infested with A. palmeri to determine vegetative, reproductive, and germination fitness of plants with and without EPSPS amplification grown season-long with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Seed number was not correlated with EPSPS copy number. However, when plants were binned into two groups, those having an EPSPS copy number ≥2 (relative to reference genes) and those having an EPSPS copy number <2, plant fresh weight and seed number were 1.4 and 1.6 times greater, respectively, for plant...

Frontiers in Plant Science

Growing consumer demands for healthier foods have evoked trends in the food industry to replace s... more Growing consumer demands for healthier foods have evoked trends in the food industry to replace synthetically produced colorants with naturally derived alternatives. Anthocyanins currently comprise the bulk of the natural colorant market, but betalains offer advantages where anthocyanins have limits. Amaranthus species are appealing betalain sources given their extensive pigmentation patterns and recognized food status around the world. An advantage of amaranths as natural food colorants is that, when grown as leafy vegetables, water extracts would be compliant with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines as “vegetable juice” colorants. Thus, we developed a methodology based on U.S. FDA guidelines to investigate betalain diversity among forty-eight amaranth accessions grown as leafy vegetables. Total betacyanin concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 478.8 mg/100 g dry weight, with amaranthin and isoamaranthin identified as major constituents. Our findings will guide future research ...

Frontiers in Microbiology

Cover cropping (CC) is a promising in-field practice to mitigate soil health degradation and nitr... more Cover cropping (CC) is a promising in-field practice to mitigate soil health degradation and nitrogen (N) losses from excessive N fertilization. Soil N-cycling microbial communities are the fundamental drivers of these processes, but how they respond to CC under field conditions is poorly documented for typical agricultural systems. Our objective was to investigate this relationship for a long-term (36 years) corn [Zea mays L.] monocultures under three N fertilizer rates (N0, N202, and N269; kg N/ha), where a mixture of cereal rye [Secale cereale L.] and hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth.] was introduced for two consecutive years, using winter fallows as controls (BF). A 3 × 2 split-plot arrangement of N rates and CC treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replications was deployed. Soil chemical and physical properties and potential nitrification (PNR) and denitrification (PDR) rates were measured along with functional genes, including nifH, archaeal and bacterial...

Agronomy

Cover cropping (CC) is the most promising in-field practice to improve soil health and mitigate N... more Cover cropping (CC) is the most promising in-field practice to improve soil health and mitigate N losses from fertilizer use. Although the soil microbiota play essential roles in soil health, their response to CC has not been well characterized by bioindicators of high taxonomic resolution within typical agricultural systems. Our objective was to fill this knowledge gap with genus-level indicators for corn [Zea mays L.] monocultures with three N fertilizer rates (N0, N202, N269; kg N ha−1), after introducing a CC mixture of cereal rye [Secale cereale L.] and hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth.], using winter fallows (BF) as controls. A 3 × 2 split-plot arrangement of N rates and CC treatments was studied in a randomized complete block design with three replicates over two years. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA and fungal ITS regions were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq system. Overall, our high-resolution bioindicators were able to represent specific functional or ecological shifts withi...

KEY TO SENEGALIA TAXA 1. Prickles common on stem and usually the leaf petiole ... more KEY TO SENEGALIA TAXA 1. Prickles common on stem and usually the leaf petiole and rachis (prickles may rarely be absent or rare on individual specimens)...... Senegalia 1. Prickles absent onstem and leaf petioleand rachis.................................................................................. 2 2. Inflorescence a globose to subglobose head.................................................................................... 3 3. Flowers pedicellate; stamens consistently 200+; petiolar glands absent................................................ …. Acaciella 3. Flowers sessileto rarely subsessile; stamens lessthan 200; petiolar gland present.............................. Parasenegalia (in part) 2. Inflorescenceacylindrical spike.............................................................................................. 4 4. Leaflets small, 1.2 – 2.9 mmlongand 0.4 –</i...

2. Parasenegalia muricata (L.) Seigler & Ebinger, comb. nov. Basionym:... more 2. Parasenegalia muricata (L.) Seigler & Ebinger, comb. nov. Basionym: Mimosa muricata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 1311, 1504. 1759. Acacia muricata (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): 1058. 1806. Senegalia muricata (L.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 113. 1928. TYPE: '' Mimosa inermis, foliis bipinnatis, parialibus quelque jugis, propiis, multijugis, floribus spicatis, caule muricato, '' tab. 11 illustrated by J. Burman in C. Plumier, Pl. Amer. 1: 6. 1755 (lectotype, designated by Howard, 1988: 341). Figure 3. Acacia nudiflora Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): 1058. 1806. TYPE: Virgin Islands. ''Danish America'' (holotype, B-Willd.! [barcode] B 1913 0-01 0; isotypes, P! [bc] P00396680, P! [bc] P03102816). Acacia rohriana DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 2: 457. 1825, as '' Rohriana,'' replacement name for Mimosa nigricans Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 37, pl. 29. 1807, nom. illeg., non Mimosa nigricans Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl. 2: 88, pl. 238. 18 0 6. TYPE: ''Habitat in America meridionali,'' s.d., J. P. B. von Rohr s.n. (holotype, C [image seen] [barcode] C10011408, C photo at F). Large shrub or small tree to 1 5 m tall; bark dark brown, shallowly fissured; twigs dark reddish brown to dark purple, not flexuous, terete, glabrous to densely puberulent; short shoots absent; prickles absent. Leaves alternate, 5 0–1 6 5 mm long; stipules dark brown, narrowly triangular, symmetrical, flattened, straight, herbaceous, 0.6–1.6 mm long, 0.4–0.9 mm wide near the base, puberulent, tardily deciduous; petiole shallowly adaxially grooved, 1 0– 4 0 mm long, glabrous to puberulent; petiolar gland solitary, located just below the lowermost pinna pair, sessile, orbicular to oblong, 1.4–3.1 mm long, apex bulbous and asymmetrical, sometimes depressed, glabrous; rachis shallowly adaxially grooved, 4 0–1 3 0 mm long, usually puberulent, an orbicular gland 0.7–1.8 mm across between most pinna pairs, apex depressed, glabrous; pinnae 3 to 7 pairs/ [...]

5. Parasenegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger, comb. nov. Bas... more 5. Parasenegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger, comb. nov. Basionym: Acacia skleroxyla Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 146–148, tab. XXI [21]. 1808 [1808–1813]. Senegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 91(1): 28. 2009. TYPE: Antilles. Santo Domingo (holotype, tab. XXI [21] in Tussac [1808]!). Figures 6, 7. Tree to 20 m tall; bark gray to light brown, smooth; twigs light to dark purplish brown, not flexuous, terete, glabrous to lightly puberulent; short shoots absent; prickles absent. Leaves alternate, 60–160 mm long; stipules purplish brown, triangular, symmetrical, flattened, straight, herbaceous, 0.4–0.9 mm long, 0.3– 0.7 mm wide near the base, puberulent, tardily deciduous; petiole flat to rarely adaxially grooved, 8– 28 mm long, puberulent to rarely glabrous; petiolar gland solitary, located on the upper third of the petiole, usually just below the lowermost pinna pair, sessile, oval to orbicular, 0.7–1.8 mm across, apex flattened to depressed, glabrous; rachis flat to rarely adaxially grooved, 35–140 mm long, puberulent, an oval gland 0.4–1.3 mm across between the uppermost 1 to 7 pinna pairs, apex flattened to depressed, glabrous; pinnae (3) 5 to 16 pairs/leaf, 45–95 mm long, 5–10 mm between pinna pairs; paraphyllidia 0.1–0.3 mm long, usually absent; petiolule 0.7–2.2 mm long; leaflets 30 to 65 pairs/pinna, opposite, 0.7–1.6 mm between leaflet pairs, oblong, 4.5–9.5 X 0.9–2.1 mm, glabrous, lateral veins obvious, 1 to 3 veins from the base, base oblique, truncate on one side, margins not ciliate, apex acute to acuminate, midvein subcentral. Inflorescence a loosely 100- to 230-flowered cylindrical spike, 60–150 X 10– 15 mm, 1 to 4 from the leaf axils; peduncles 6–25 X 0.8–1.3 mm, puberulent; receptacle not enlarged, elongated; involucre absent; floral bracts spatulate, 0.3–0.7 mm long, puberulent, early deciduous. Flowers sessile, white to cream (yellowing with age); calyx 5- lobed, 0.7–1.5 mm long, puberulent; corolla 5-lobed, 1.8–2.4 mm lon [...]

1. Pseudosenegalia feddeana (Harms) Seigler & Ebinger, comb. nov. Basi... more 1. Pseudosenegalia feddeana (Harms) Seigler & Ebinger, comb. nov. Basionym: Acacia feddeana Harms, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 450. 1920, replacement name for Acacia fiebrigii Harms, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 351. 1920, nom. illeg., non Acacia fiebrigii Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 553. 1910. Acacia molfinoi Speg., Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 26: 2 1 9. 1 9 21, nom. illeg. superfl. Senegalia feddeana (Harms) Seigler & Ebinger in Seigler et al., Phytologia 88(1): 51. 2006. TYPE: Bolivia. S. Bolivien, Renecillo bei Tupiza, 2700–3000 m, 28 Feb. 190 4, K. Fiebrig 31 13 (lectotype, designated here, B! [barcode] B100244206, B photos at F! F0BN001274; isolectotypes, B, B fragm. at F! [bc] FV0058010F, BM not seen [bc] BM000952369, G! [bc] G00307474, G [image seen] [bc] G00307475, G [image seen] [bc] G00367708, GH! [bc] GH00058288, LD [image seen] [bc] LD1220764, MO!, S! [bc] S-R-8512, SI not seen [bc] SI0 0 1 4 7 4, US! [bc] US00000210]. Figure 10. Shrub or small tree to 8 m tall; bark gray-white to white, smooth; twigs dark purple to dark reddish brown, not flexuous, terete, puberulent; short shoots present at older nodes, 0.5–2.5 mm long, covered with bud scales, stipule remnants, and old leaf bases; prickles absent. Leaves alternate, also clustered on short shoots, 0.5–5.3 mm long; stipules dark brown to black, linear, symmetrical, terete, straight to slightly curved, herbaceous, 0.8–3.5 mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide near the base, glabrous, persistent; petiole adaxially grooved, 0.5–5.3 mm long, lightly puberulent; petiolar gland solitary, located at the apex of the petiole between to just below the single pinna pair, sessile, orbicular, 0.2– 0.8 mm across, apex globose, glabrous; rachis absent; pinnae 1 pair/leaf, 1 3–2 3 mm long; paraphyllidia absent; petiolule 0.8–1.5 mm long; leaflets 1 1 to 2 5 pairs/pinna, opposite, 0.3–0.6 mm between leaflet pairs, linear, 1.5–2.8 X 0.4–0.8 mm, lightly appressed pubescence beneath, lateral veins not o [...]

Figure 8. Parasenegalia visco (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Flower. —B. Twig with l... more Figure 8. Parasenegalia visco (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Flower. —B. Twig with leaf and axillary inflorescences. —C. Petiolar gland. —D. Leaflet, abaxial view. —E. Fruit. —F. Seed. A–D from Renvoize, Wilmot-Dear & Kiesling 3364 (MO); E from Tillett 6611-57 (A); F from Saldias & Pennington 1479 (MO).

Figure 7. Parasenegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger. Fruits, tardily dehiscent. From an... more Figure 7. Parasenegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger. Fruits, tardily dehiscent. From an image provided by J. T. Miller.

Figure 6. Parasenegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Inflorescence. —B. Leaf, adaxi... more Figure 6. Parasenegalia skleroxyla (Tussac) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Inflorescence. —B. Leaf, adaxial view. —C. Petiolar gland. —D. Flower. —E. Leaflet, abaxial view. —F. Seed. A from Zanoni, Pimentel, García & Salazar 39331 (FLAS); B–F from Leonard & Leonard 12617 (MO).

Figure 5. Parasenegalia santosii (G. P. Lewis) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Leaflet, abaxial surface. —... more Figure 5. Parasenegalia santosii (G. P. Lewis) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Leaflet, abaxial surface. —B. Branch with pseudoracemose cluster and leaf. —C. Petiolar gland. —D. Flower. A–D from Magalhaes˜ 19492 (NY, RB 40434).

Figure 4. Parasenegalia rurrenabaqueana (Rusby) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Portion of pseudopaniculat... more Figure 4. Parasenegalia rurrenabaqueana (Rusby) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Portion of pseudopaniculate cluster. —B. Leaf, adaxial view. —C. Petiolar gland. —D. Fruit. —E. Flower. —F. Leaflet, abaxial view. A, D, E from Nee 40046 (NY); B, C, F from Nee 47545 (ILL).

Figure 3. Parasenegalia muricata (L.) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Flower. —B. Inflorescences. —C. Leaf... more Figure 3. Parasenegalia muricata (L.) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Flower. —B. Inflorescences. —C. Leaf, adaxial view. —D. Petiolar gland. —E. Fruit. —F. Leaflet, abaxial view. A, B from Woodbury s.n. [Nov. 1970] (NY); C, D from Box 794 (F), E, F from Smith 10476 (NY).

Figure 2. Parasenegalia lundellii Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Inflorescences. —B. Leaf. —C. Petiolar g... more Figure 2. Parasenegalia lundellii Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Inflorescences. —B. Leaf. —C. Petiolar gland. —D. Leaflet, abaxial surface. —E. Flower. —F. Fruit. A, E from Lundell & Contreras 19276 (NY); B–D from Contreras 10264 (LL); F from Proctor 35963 (MO).

Microorganisms, 2021

Recent advancements in agricultural metagenomics allow for characterizing microbial indicators of... more Recent advancements in agricultural metagenomics allow for characterizing microbial indicators of soil health brought on by changes in management decisions, which ultimately affect the soil environment. Field-scale studies investigating the microbial taxa from agricultural experiments are sparse, with none investigating the long-term effect of crop rotation and tillage on microbial indicator species. Therefore, our goal was to determine the effect of rotations (continuous corn, CCC; continuous soybean, SSS; and each phase of a corn-soybean rotation, Cs and Sc) and tillage (no-till, NT; and chisel tillage, T) on the soil microbial community composition following 20 years of management. We found that crop rotation and tillage influence the soil environment by altering key soil properties, such as pH and soil organic matter (SOM). Monoculture corn lowered pH compared to SSS (5.9 vs. 6.9, respectively) but increased SOM (5.4% vs. 4.6%, respectively). Bacterial indicator microbes were ca...

Microorganisms, 2020

Metagenomics in agricultural research allows for searching for bioindicators of soil health to ch... more Metagenomics in agricultural research allows for searching for bioindicators of soil health to characterize changes caused by management practices. Cover cropping (CC) improves soil health by mitigating nutrient losses, yet the benefits depend on the tillage system used. Field studies searching for indicator taxa within these systems are scarce and narrow in their scope. Our goal was to identify bioindicators of soil health from microbes that were responsive to CC (three levels) and tillage (chisel tillage, no-till) treatments after five years under field conditions. We used rRNA gene-based analysis via Illumina HiSeq2500 technology with QIIME 2.0 processing to characterize the microbial communities. Our results indicated that CC and tillage differentially changed the relative abundances (RAs) of the copiotrophic and oligotrophic guilds. Corn–soybean rotations with legume–grass CC increased the RA of copiotrophic decomposers more than rotations with grass CC, whereas rotations with ...

Science of The Total Environment, 2020

Nature, 2019

Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000–500,000 species1,2of great diversity and have... more Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000–500,000 species1,2of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green pl...