Esther Anaya Boig | Imperial College London (original) (raw)

Books by Esther Anaya Boig

La seguridad ciclista como obstáculo. Miedos, mitos y aprendizaje.

Cyclists and Cycling Around the World is a visionary book of remarkable breadth, highlighting the... more Cyclists and Cycling Around the World is a visionary book of remarkable breadth, highlighting the increasingly valuable and fascinatingly complex role of the bicycle in contemporary urban life and experience. It contains 25 articles written by leading experts in such fields as, local planning, cycle advocacy and research and is divided into seven chapters on policies and topics relevant to increasing cycling in cities.

These topics are as diverse as teaching very young children how to use a bicycle to how a cycle culture was revitalised in China, as well as how cycling affects green urban transportation, social mobility, public health, carbon emissions, urban space and gender equality. The articles detail good practices coming from many parts of the world - from India to Bogota, from Copenhagen to Lima by way of Amsterdam and Oregon, USA.

The sub-title of the book, Creating Liveable and Bikeable Cities reflects the vision of the editors as they compiled this wonderful and fascinating selection of articles. These articles will not only inspire professionals but will open the eyes of anyone who has owned or even seen a bike to the increasing significance of pedals, a chain and a saddle in the modern urban world!

I participate in the book as a co-author of the article “Safe Routes to Schools – From road safety to community building”, together with Pau Avellaneda.

The book was published in English in November 2013 on the occasion of the III EIMUS Conference on Sustainable Mobility in Lima, Peru as well as in e-book and paper format in Copenhagen. It will be published in Spanish in Lima in 2014.

"Spain is one of the countries with the highest number of bike-sharing schemes (BSSs) in Europe. ... more "Spain is one of the countries with the highest number of bike-sharing schemes (BSSs) in Europe. Previous studies have shown the importance of the integration of cycling policies at different levels: integration of the different cycling promotion measures, integration of the cycling policies with the rest of the mobility policy and integration with the urban policies. Besides, BSSs seem to cover a particular niche in sustainable mobility, providing an alternative that does not compete with private bicycles, but can be complementary and generate synergies. Bike-sharing schemes have particular benefits comparing to the rest of public transport solutions, specially health benefits not only because of the activity of individuals but also for its impact in the community and environment by decreasing emission generation.
On the occasion of the third biannual Spanish Bike-Sharing Conference which took place in October 2011 in Santander, the Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy (Spanish Ministry of Industry) commissioned the elaboration of a study that had three goals: 1) to show the status-quo of bike-sharing in Spain, 2) to identify positive effects and strategies for optimization and 3) to identify problems and likely solutions of such systems. Furthermore, 5 international experts were invited to contribute with a text of their own. The study was finally published in June 2012 and the most relevant results are presented below.
In 2011 the total number of BSSs in Spain was 147, which were implemented in 196 municipalities. 8% of these schemes do not operate because of a temporal or a definitive close. The working BSSs had the following characteristics:
• 38% of the BSSs offered short-term subscriptions (below one year long), which are the most suitable for tourists.
• The average age of bike-sharing users was 33 years old and the share of women is 44%.
• 61% of BSSs offered total free of charge rents, while 8% charge the service from the first minute.
• 80% of the BSSs operated all-the-year-round and all-the-week-round, while only 8% of bike-sharing did it round-the-clock.
• In Spain there were in total more than 26.000 public bicycles. 65% of the schemes had less than 100 bicycles and 3% more than 1.000 bicycles.
• The electric pedal assisted bicycles had started to be introduced in Spain. Electric bicycles were part of the bicycle fleet in 8% of BSSs.
• In 57% of the BSSs, the number of rents per bicycle and day was not higher than 0.25, i.e. bicycles are rented at most once each 4 days. In contrast, 14% of BSSs operated more than 3 rents per bicycle and day. Spanish bike-sharing bicycles are rented at least once a day in 24% of schemes.
• On average 65% of bike-sharing trips do not take more than 30 minutes.
The study also reveals that the biggest success of bike-sharing seems to be the increase of attractiveness of public transport, the cycling promotion, the improvement of public health. In contrast, the contribution of bike-sharing to the reduction of car traffic and pollution is still low. The study suggests a list of strategies that can help to optimize these positive effects.
Some obstacles can also arise when implementing a bike-sharing scheme. The study indentify the most important challenges of bike-sharing, which are currently the following: 1) overuse, 2) underuse, 3) breakdowns, 4) theft and damage of bicycles, 5) redistribution, 6) public space occupancy, 7) legal conflicts, 8) low economic and technology accessibility and 9) the lack of durable funding. The study presents a list of likely solutions that can contribute to avoid or minimize these problems based on good practices and innovative ideas.
Finally, a methodology to measure success of bike-sharing is suggested based on achievement of quantitative goals. "

This book explores the reasons for difficulties in making cycling mainstream in many cultures, de... more This book explores the reasons for difficulties in making cycling mainstream in many cultures, despite its claims for being one of the most sustainable forms of transport. The topic is looked at from the varying perspectives of people, the environment and the economy with multi-disciplinary contributions from the UK, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, Germany, Australia, China and USA. Initially, it examines the cultural development of cycling in countries with high use and the differences in use between different sub-groups of the population. It then explores issues of urban form, and the attributes of the network and the system for appropriately accommodating cycle users. Cross-cultural issues are once again investigated through an exposition of research in developing countries and the environment in which scheme promoters and users operate. The book draws to a close with an exploration of state-of-the-art thinking on demand model.

"[Spanish] Review from one the Blog "En bici por Madrid": El Bicicleta Club de Catalunya (BACC... more "[Spanish] Review from one the Blog "En bici por Madrid":

El Bicicleta Club de Catalunya (BACC) elaboró el Manual de aparcamientos de bicicletas IDAE - BACC 2009 para el Instituto para la Diversificación y el Ahorro de la Energía (IDAE) del Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio.

Este manual pretende ser una herramienta útil para las entidades públicas y privadas que deseen promover el uso de la bicicleta como medio de transporte.

En este manual se describen los pasos a seguir en la planificación de aparcamientos de bicicletas. Se exponen los tipos de aparcamientos existentes y sus criterios de implantación para cada caso. Se hace especial hincapié en la necesidad de crear aparcamientos en origen, es decir, en las viviendas, donde empiezan todos los desplazamientos. En las zonas urbanas ya consolidadas, habrá que pensar en espacios desaprovechados de los edificios, en espacios cerrados exteriores de uso compartido por los residentes de una misma calle o en el cambio de usos de los espacios existentes. En las nuevas actuaciones urbanísticas es donde se debe prever una reserva de plazas de aparcamiento de bicicletas suficientes en los nuevos edificios. A tal efecto, este manual muestra algunos ejemplos de normativas existentes en España y en el extrangero.

Además de una buena estrategia de implantación de aparcamientos de bicicletas, también se estudian medidas que contribuyan a mitigar el robo de bicicletas. La implantación planificada y simultánea de estas medidas será la mejor solución al freno que supone el miedo a los robos para el uso masivo de la bicicleta en las ciudades.

Este manual tiene un carácter práctico, por ello también incluye un directorio de empresas españolas de aparcamiento de bicicletas.

Source: http://www.enbicipormadrid.es/2010/05/manual-de-aparcamientos-de-bicicletas.html"

One of the first manuals for the implementation of public bicycle systems. [Spanish] Este docum... more One of the first manuals for the implementation of public bicycle systems.

[Spanish] Este documento, elaborado por el IDAE, es una guía metodológica que se orienta al uso por parte de las administraciones y actores relacionados a la bicicleta pública. Su formato es divulgativo y práctico ya que informa sobre el tema y a la vez constituye un pequeño manual orientativo para la implantación de estos sistemas.

Papers by Esther Anaya Boig

International Encyclopedia of Transportation

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

Environment International

Global Environmental Change

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The importance of setting a policy focus on promoting cycling and walking as sustainable and heal... more The importance of setting a policy focus on promoting cycling and walking as sustainable and healthy modes of transport is increasingly recognized. However, to date a science-driven scoring system to assess the policy environment for cycling and walking is lacking. In this study, spreadsheet-based scoring systems for cycling and walking were developed, including six dimensions (cycling/walking culture, social acceptance, perception of traffic safety, advocacy, politics and urban planning). Feasibility was tested using qualitative data from pre-specified sections of semi-standardized interview and workshop reports from a European research project in seven cities, assessed independently by two experts. Disagreements were resolved by discussions of no more than 75 minutes per city. On the dimension “perception of traffic safety”, quantitative panel data were used. While the interrater agreement was fair, feasibility was confirmed in general. Validity testing against social norms toward...

Active travel (walking or cycling for transport) is considered the most sustainable form of perso... more Active travel (walking or cycling for transport) is considered the most sustainable form of personal transport. Yet its net effects on mobility-related CO2 emissions are complex and under-researched. Here we collected travel activity data in seven European cities and derived life cycle CO2 emissions across modes and purposes. Daily mobility-related life cycle CO2 emissions were 3.2 kgCO2 per person, with car travel contributing 70% and cycling 1%. Cyclists had 84% lower life cycle CO2 emissions than non-cyclists. Life cycle CO2 emissions decreased by -14% per additional cycling trip and decreased by -62% for each avoided car trip. An average person who ‘shifted travel modes’ from car to bike decreased life cycle CO2 emissions by 3.2 kgCO2/day. Promoting active travel should be a cornerstone of strategies to meet net zero carbon targets, particularly in urban areas, while also improving public health and quality of urban life.

Accident Analysis & Prevention

Candidates for “best poster”

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

This study analyses factors associated with cyclist injury severity, focusing on vehicle type, ro... more This study analyses factors associated with cyclist injury severity, focusing on vehicle type, route environment, and interactions between them. Data analysed was collected by Spanish police during 2016 and includes records relating to 12,318 drivers and cyclist involving in collisions with at least one injured cyclist, of whom 7230 were injured cyclists. Bayesian methods were used to model relationships between cyclist injury severity and circumstances related to the crash, with the outcome variable being whether a cyclist was killed or seriously injured (KSI) rather than slightly injured. Factors in the model included those relating to the injured cyclist, the route environment, and involved motorists. Injury severity among cyclists was likely to be higher where an Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) was involved, and certain route conditions (bicycle infrastructure, 30 kph zones, and urban zones) were associated with lower injury severity. Interactions exist between the two: collisions inv...

Journal of Transport & Health

La seguridad ciclista como obstáculo. Miedos, mitos y aprendizaje.

Cyclists and Cycling Around the World is a visionary book of remarkable breadth, highlighting the... more Cyclists and Cycling Around the World is a visionary book of remarkable breadth, highlighting the increasingly valuable and fascinatingly complex role of the bicycle in contemporary urban life and experience. It contains 25 articles written by leading experts in such fields as, local planning, cycle advocacy and research and is divided into seven chapters on policies and topics relevant to increasing cycling in cities.

These topics are as diverse as teaching very young children how to use a bicycle to how a cycle culture was revitalised in China, as well as how cycling affects green urban transportation, social mobility, public health, carbon emissions, urban space and gender equality. The articles detail good practices coming from many parts of the world - from India to Bogota, from Copenhagen to Lima by way of Amsterdam and Oregon, USA.

The sub-title of the book, Creating Liveable and Bikeable Cities reflects the vision of the editors as they compiled this wonderful and fascinating selection of articles. These articles will not only inspire professionals but will open the eyes of anyone who has owned or even seen a bike to the increasing significance of pedals, a chain and a saddle in the modern urban world!

I participate in the book as a co-author of the article “Safe Routes to Schools – From road safety to community building”, together with Pau Avellaneda.

The book was published in English in November 2013 on the occasion of the III EIMUS Conference on Sustainable Mobility in Lima, Peru as well as in e-book and paper format in Copenhagen. It will be published in Spanish in Lima in 2014.

"Spain is one of the countries with the highest number of bike-sharing schemes (BSSs) in Europe. ... more "Spain is one of the countries with the highest number of bike-sharing schemes (BSSs) in Europe. Previous studies have shown the importance of the integration of cycling policies at different levels: integration of the different cycling promotion measures, integration of the cycling policies with the rest of the mobility policy and integration with the urban policies. Besides, BSSs seem to cover a particular niche in sustainable mobility, providing an alternative that does not compete with private bicycles, but can be complementary and generate synergies. Bike-sharing schemes have particular benefits comparing to the rest of public transport solutions, specially health benefits not only because of the activity of individuals but also for its impact in the community and environment by decreasing emission generation.
On the occasion of the third biannual Spanish Bike-Sharing Conference which took place in October 2011 in Santander, the Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy (Spanish Ministry of Industry) commissioned the elaboration of a study that had three goals: 1) to show the status-quo of bike-sharing in Spain, 2) to identify positive effects and strategies for optimization and 3) to identify problems and likely solutions of such systems. Furthermore, 5 international experts were invited to contribute with a text of their own. The study was finally published in June 2012 and the most relevant results are presented below.
In 2011 the total number of BSSs in Spain was 147, which were implemented in 196 municipalities. 8% of these schemes do not operate because of a temporal or a definitive close. The working BSSs had the following characteristics:
• 38% of the BSSs offered short-term subscriptions (below one year long), which are the most suitable for tourists.
• The average age of bike-sharing users was 33 years old and the share of women is 44%.
• 61% of BSSs offered total free of charge rents, while 8% charge the service from the first minute.
• 80% of the BSSs operated all-the-year-round and all-the-week-round, while only 8% of bike-sharing did it round-the-clock.
• In Spain there were in total more than 26.000 public bicycles. 65% of the schemes had less than 100 bicycles and 3% more than 1.000 bicycles.
• The electric pedal assisted bicycles had started to be introduced in Spain. Electric bicycles were part of the bicycle fleet in 8% of BSSs.
• In 57% of the BSSs, the number of rents per bicycle and day was not higher than 0.25, i.e. bicycles are rented at most once each 4 days. In contrast, 14% of BSSs operated more than 3 rents per bicycle and day. Spanish bike-sharing bicycles are rented at least once a day in 24% of schemes.
• On average 65% of bike-sharing trips do not take more than 30 minutes.
The study also reveals that the biggest success of bike-sharing seems to be the increase of attractiveness of public transport, the cycling promotion, the improvement of public health. In contrast, the contribution of bike-sharing to the reduction of car traffic and pollution is still low. The study suggests a list of strategies that can help to optimize these positive effects.
Some obstacles can also arise when implementing a bike-sharing scheme. The study indentify the most important challenges of bike-sharing, which are currently the following: 1) overuse, 2) underuse, 3) breakdowns, 4) theft and damage of bicycles, 5) redistribution, 6) public space occupancy, 7) legal conflicts, 8) low economic and technology accessibility and 9) the lack of durable funding. The study presents a list of likely solutions that can contribute to avoid or minimize these problems based on good practices and innovative ideas.
Finally, a methodology to measure success of bike-sharing is suggested based on achievement of quantitative goals. "

This book explores the reasons for difficulties in making cycling mainstream in many cultures, de... more This book explores the reasons for difficulties in making cycling mainstream in many cultures, despite its claims for being one of the most sustainable forms of transport. The topic is looked at from the varying perspectives of people, the environment and the economy with multi-disciplinary contributions from the UK, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, Germany, Australia, China and USA. Initially, it examines the cultural development of cycling in countries with high use and the differences in use between different sub-groups of the population. It then explores issues of urban form, and the attributes of the network and the system for appropriately accommodating cycle users. Cross-cultural issues are once again investigated through an exposition of research in developing countries and the environment in which scheme promoters and users operate. The book draws to a close with an exploration of state-of-the-art thinking on demand model.

"[Spanish] Review from one the Blog "En bici por Madrid": El Bicicleta Club de Catalunya (BACC... more "[Spanish] Review from one the Blog "En bici por Madrid":

El Bicicleta Club de Catalunya (BACC) elaboró el Manual de aparcamientos de bicicletas IDAE - BACC 2009 para el Instituto para la Diversificación y el Ahorro de la Energía (IDAE) del Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio.

Este manual pretende ser una herramienta útil para las entidades públicas y privadas que deseen promover el uso de la bicicleta como medio de transporte.

En este manual se describen los pasos a seguir en la planificación de aparcamientos de bicicletas. Se exponen los tipos de aparcamientos existentes y sus criterios de implantación para cada caso. Se hace especial hincapié en la necesidad de crear aparcamientos en origen, es decir, en las viviendas, donde empiezan todos los desplazamientos. En las zonas urbanas ya consolidadas, habrá que pensar en espacios desaprovechados de los edificios, en espacios cerrados exteriores de uso compartido por los residentes de una misma calle o en el cambio de usos de los espacios existentes. En las nuevas actuaciones urbanísticas es donde se debe prever una reserva de plazas de aparcamiento de bicicletas suficientes en los nuevos edificios. A tal efecto, este manual muestra algunos ejemplos de normativas existentes en España y en el extrangero.

Además de una buena estrategia de implantación de aparcamientos de bicicletas, también se estudian medidas que contribuyan a mitigar el robo de bicicletas. La implantación planificada y simultánea de estas medidas será la mejor solución al freno que supone el miedo a los robos para el uso masivo de la bicicleta en las ciudades.

Este manual tiene un carácter práctico, por ello también incluye un directorio de empresas españolas de aparcamiento de bicicletas.

Source: http://www.enbicipormadrid.es/2010/05/manual-de-aparcamientos-de-bicicletas.html"

One of the first manuals for the implementation of public bicycle systems. [Spanish] Este docum... more One of the first manuals for the implementation of public bicycle systems.

[Spanish] Este documento, elaborado por el IDAE, es una guía metodológica que se orienta al uso por parte de las administraciones y actores relacionados a la bicicleta pública. Su formato es divulgativo y práctico ya que informa sobre el tema y a la vez constituye un pequeño manual orientativo para la implantación de estos sistemas.

International Encyclopedia of Transportation

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

Environment International

Global Environmental Change

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The importance of setting a policy focus on promoting cycling and walking as sustainable and heal... more The importance of setting a policy focus on promoting cycling and walking as sustainable and healthy modes of transport is increasingly recognized. However, to date a science-driven scoring system to assess the policy environment for cycling and walking is lacking. In this study, spreadsheet-based scoring systems for cycling and walking were developed, including six dimensions (cycling/walking culture, social acceptance, perception of traffic safety, advocacy, politics and urban planning). Feasibility was tested using qualitative data from pre-specified sections of semi-standardized interview and workshop reports from a European research project in seven cities, assessed independently by two experts. Disagreements were resolved by discussions of no more than 75 minutes per city. On the dimension “perception of traffic safety”, quantitative panel data were used. While the interrater agreement was fair, feasibility was confirmed in general. Validity testing against social norms toward...

Active travel (walking or cycling for transport) is considered the most sustainable form of perso... more Active travel (walking or cycling for transport) is considered the most sustainable form of personal transport. Yet its net effects on mobility-related CO2 emissions are complex and under-researched. Here we collected travel activity data in seven European cities and derived life cycle CO2 emissions across modes and purposes. Daily mobility-related life cycle CO2 emissions were 3.2 kgCO2 per person, with car travel contributing 70% and cycling 1%. Cyclists had 84% lower life cycle CO2 emissions than non-cyclists. Life cycle CO2 emissions decreased by -14% per additional cycling trip and decreased by -62% for each avoided car trip. An average person who ‘shifted travel modes’ from car to bike decreased life cycle CO2 emissions by 3.2 kgCO2/day. Promoting active travel should be a cornerstone of strategies to meet net zero carbon targets, particularly in urban areas, while also improving public health and quality of urban life.

Accident Analysis & Prevention

Candidates for “best poster”

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

This study analyses factors associated with cyclist injury severity, focusing on vehicle type, ro... more This study analyses factors associated with cyclist injury severity, focusing on vehicle type, route environment, and interactions between them. Data analysed was collected by Spanish police during 2016 and includes records relating to 12,318 drivers and cyclist involving in collisions with at least one injured cyclist, of whom 7230 were injured cyclists. Bayesian methods were used to model relationships between cyclist injury severity and circumstances related to the crash, with the outcome variable being whether a cyclist was killed or seriously injured (KSI) rather than slightly injured. Factors in the model included those relating to the injured cyclist, the route environment, and involved motorists. Injury severity among cyclists was likely to be higher where an Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) was involved, and certain route conditions (bicycle infrastructure, 30 kph zones, and urban zones) were associated with lower injury severity. Interactions exist between the two: collisions inv...

Journal of Transport & Health

Environmental Health Perspectives

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Journal of Transport & Health

Environment International

Presentación para la jornada "Pasado, presente y futuro de la bicicleta pública" organizada por e... more Presentación para la jornada "Pasado, presente y futuro de la bicicleta pública" organizada por el Ayuntamiento de San Sebastián-Donostia y la empresa Bonopark. Se celebró el día 3 de abril de 2014 en San Sebastián - Donostia.

E l presente estudio muestra el desarrollo de la Bicicleta Pública en España desde que se puso en... more E l presente estudio muestra el desarrollo de la Bicicleta Pública en España desde que se puso en marcha el primer sistema. A través de este balance se ofrece una "fotog aía" de la situa ió a tual y su pe ep ió po pa te del iudada o. Ade ás se pla tea uesio es lave ue ayude a ejo a la futu a efe ividad de la i i leta pú li a y ue evite dei ie ias e el e to o de la ovilidad u a a.