Česlovas Laurinavičius - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Česlovas Laurinavičius
Politologija, 2015
Straipsnyje analizuojama Lietuvos užsienio politika, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant nacionalinio tapatu... more Straipsnyje analizuojama Lietuvos užsienio politika, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant nacionalinio tapatumo ir užsienio politikos ryšiui. autorių nuomone, šis ryšys gali būti raktas, nagrinėjant klausimus, ar išties Lietuvos užsienio politika pasiekė tam tikrą kritinį tašką, kurį galima įvardyti kaip tarptautinę izoliaciją arba bent jau kaip tendenciją ta linkme, o jeigu taip-tai kodėl� atsakymas į iškeltus klausimus siūlomas toks-atsisakyti placdarminių ar bastioninių nuostatų, bandwagoning komplekso ir pradėti labiau pasitikėti savimi kaip demokratine nacionaline valstybe. Tam būtinos korekcijos ir vidaus politikoje. Reikėtų pereiti prie Lietuvoje egzistuojančių politinių srovių demokratinio �legalizavimo�. Kita vertus, būtų didelė klaida mestis į kraštutinumus, net bandant persvarstyti narystės ES ir NaTO tikslingumą. Euroatlantinės institucijos lieka pagrindiniai stabilumo Europoje, kartu ir Lietuvoje garantai. Česlovas Laurinavičius-Lietuvos istorijos instituto XX a. istorijos skyriaus vedėjas
Baltos lankos eBooks, 2008
Vilniaus universiteto leidykla eBooks, 2003
Lithuanian Historical Studies
In 1942, when drafting a strategic cooperation treaty between the Soviet Union and the United Kin... more In 1942, when drafting a strategic cooperation treaty between the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, the foreign secretary Anthony Eden was responsible for preparing projects to solve the Balts’ problems, based on which the Baltic States could preserve limited sovereignty. This aspect has received little attention in historiography, seemingly because it is treated as an ephemeral, insignificant episode. It cannot be dismissed that the provision of a compromise with the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, which was in principle impossible, did apply. However, historical material suggests a different conclusion. This article was also inspired by Henry Kissinger’s opinion that it was the idealism of the US president Franklin D. Roosevelt that prevented Western states from reaching a compromise with Stalin. This article reveals what went on ‘behind the scenes’ in big politics: how the Baltic States factor, in itself rather insignificant to the big states, allows for identifying the prime g...
The aim of the study is to prove that the military transit of the Russian Federation via the terr... more The aim of the study is to prove that the military transit of the Russian Federation via the territory of the Republic of Lithuania from / to the Kaliningrad Area is not a factor, able to hinder the Euro-Atlantic integration of Lithuania. For the purpose of reaching the goal of the study several tasks are implemented and the following is discussed: first, disintegration of the system of the Cold War and the fate of the occupational USSR troops in the Central Europe; second, the circumstances of withdrawal of the USSR troops from the Republic of Lithuania; third, the negotiations between Vilnius and Moscow, held in 1994-1995 regarding the treaty on military transit; fourth, the regulation of the military transit of the Russian Federation via the territory of the Republic of Lithuania and its practical progress; fifth, the cases of military transit, existing in the international practice. The conclusions state that the contraposition of the so-called “higher” politics to the “lower” o...
As stated by the author, Lithuanian politics of the recent years with regard to the eastern neigh... more As stated by the author, Lithuanian politics of the recent years with regard to the eastern neighbor states, and especially towards Russia, did not permit to fully exploit Klaipeda's seaport transit potential. On the other hand, an ideological struggle against the so-called Soviet legacy raised doubts about the post-WW2 territorial structure of the state. The concrete historical circumstances under which Klaipeda Region became integral part of Lithuania seem to be forgotten. Furthermore, the tendency to ignore the power balance which preconditioned the existence of national Lithuania with an access to the sea started emerging. The author argues that the present national state of Lithuania is not an accidental result of somebody's wishes or caprices; it is the result of the general international democratization process. According to the author, the origin of the modern Lithuanian state is to be found in the conceptual project of the Versailles system which matured during the ...
The review discusses the book “The Year that Changed Everything in Lithuania’s History” by Šarūna... more The review discusses the book “The Year that Changed Everything in Lithuania’s History” by Šarūnas Liekis. The reviewer notes that Liekis takes a contemporary historian’s approach to the past. His used archive material and literature is impressive in volume and diversity, in particular linguistic diversity. The focus of the research is complex, to be more precise – impressionist, because the study is full of the change of plots: economic, political, military, religious, sociological, international policy and diplomacy as well as everyday life. However, this considerable and non-traditional scope by the author is rather risky. Still, it is difficult to make a verdict concerning the level of success of achieving the main goal of the monograph. The more so because the study is structured not as a determinist chain of causes and consequences, but rather reminds of Ilya Glazunov’s painting “The 20th Century Mystery” shimmering of the diversity of images. The material presented by Liekis ...
Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas eBooks, 2007
Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla eBooks, 2006
Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla,2006, 2006
The review discusses the book “Lithuania in European Politics. The Years of the First Republic, 1... more The review discusses the book “Lithuania in European Politics. The Years of the First Republic, 1918–1940” by Vytautas Žalys, Alfred Senn and Alfonsas Eidintas. The book reveals the development of modern Lithuanian nation in the 20th c., focusing on the first period of independent state, i.e. 1918–1940. Moreover, some texts touch upon the formation of modern Lithuanian nation in the 19th c. and reveal the situation after the collapse of statehood in 1940 and its restitution in 1990. A common denominator, according to Senn, is the Lithuanian national self-awareness born out of a non-structured instinct and developed into a strong feeling of national statehood. The review briefly presents the essence of the book, discusses the originality of the concept, gives arguments while considering the scientific problem, and professionally discusses the interpretation of historical events given by individual authors of the book
Jurnal Aquatik, Aug 8, 2018
Teripang pasir merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air laut yang memiliki harga jual tinggi. ... more Teripang pasir merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air laut yang memiliki harga jual tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pertumbuhan relatif dan kelulushidupan teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) dengan menggunakan bahan organik berupa limbah hewan sebagai pakan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan selama 9 minggu yaitu dari tanggal 25 Mei-30 Juli 2017 bertempat di perairan Hansisi, Pulau Semau, Kabupaten Kupang. Teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) (20-30 g) dipelihara dalam kurungan dengan ukuran (1m x 50cm x 1m, 10 individu per kurungan). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan A sebagai kontrol, perlakuan B pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah sapi, perlakuan C pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah kanbing, perlakuan D pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah ayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah hewan sebagai pakan bagi teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) tidak berpengaruh nyata bagi kelangsungan hidup teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra), tetapi berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan relatif. Rata-rata pertumbuhan relatif yaitu:
Jurnal Aquatik, Aug 8, 2018
Teripang pasir merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air laut yang memiliki harga jual tinggi. ... more Teripang pasir merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air laut yang memiliki harga jual tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pertumbuhan relatif dan kelulushidupan teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) dengan menggunakan bahan organik berupa limbah hewan sebagai pakan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan selama 9 minggu yaitu dari tanggal 25 Mei-30 Juli 2017 bertempat di perairan Hansisi, Pulau Semau, Kabupaten Kupang. Teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) (20-30 g) dipelihara dalam kurungan dengan ukuran (1m x 50cm x 1m, 10 individu per kurungan). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan A sebagai kontrol, perlakuan B pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah sapi, perlakuan C pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah kanbing, perlakuan D pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah ayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah hewan sebagai pakan bagi teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) tidak berpengaruh nyata bagi kelangsungan hidup teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra), tetapi berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan relatif. Rata-rata pertumbuhan relatif yaitu:
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021
The Ulster Medical Journal, 2016
ULSTER SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 94th (Autumn) MEETING, Friday 30th October 2015 Ulster Hospit... more ULSTER SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 94th (Autumn) MEETING, Friday 30th October 2015 Ulster Hospital Dundonald
A method is described for constructing electromagnetic interaction Hamiltonians of a many-particl... more A method is described for constructing electromagnetic interaction Hamiltonians of a many-particle system, based on the usual Hamiltonian formalism. For illustration the Hamiltonian for the pair interaction of spinor particles is derived. (auth)
Sur les concepts d'histoire : Sartre en dialogue Type de publication: Revue Directrices d'ouvrage... more Sur les concepts d'histoire : Sartre en dialogue Type de publication: Revue Directrices d'ouvrage: Collamati (Chiara), Simont (Juliette) Résumé: Seule revue francophone dédiée à Sartre, Études sartriennes couvre tous les aspects de son oeuvre. Outre des études spécialisées, elle publie également des inédits de Sartre. Nombre de pages: 233
Politologija, 2015
Straipsnyje analizuojama Lietuvos užsienio politika, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant nacionalinio tapatu... more Straipsnyje analizuojama Lietuvos užsienio politika, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant nacionalinio tapatumo ir užsienio politikos ryšiui. autorių nuomone, šis ryšys gali būti raktas, nagrinėjant klausimus, ar išties Lietuvos užsienio politika pasiekė tam tikrą kritinį tašką, kurį galima įvardyti kaip tarptautinę izoliaciją arba bent jau kaip tendenciją ta linkme, o jeigu taip-tai kodėl� atsakymas į iškeltus klausimus siūlomas toks-atsisakyti placdarminių ar bastioninių nuostatų, bandwagoning komplekso ir pradėti labiau pasitikėti savimi kaip demokratine nacionaline valstybe. Tam būtinos korekcijos ir vidaus politikoje. Reikėtų pereiti prie Lietuvoje egzistuojančių politinių srovių demokratinio �legalizavimo�. Kita vertus, būtų didelė klaida mestis į kraštutinumus, net bandant persvarstyti narystės ES ir NaTO tikslingumą. Euroatlantinės institucijos lieka pagrindiniai stabilumo Europoje, kartu ir Lietuvoje garantai. Česlovas Laurinavičius-Lietuvos istorijos instituto XX a. istorijos skyriaus vedėjas
Baltos lankos eBooks, 2008
Vilniaus universiteto leidykla eBooks, 2003
Lithuanian Historical Studies
In 1942, when drafting a strategic cooperation treaty between the Soviet Union and the United Kin... more In 1942, when drafting a strategic cooperation treaty between the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, the foreign secretary Anthony Eden was responsible for preparing projects to solve the Balts’ problems, based on which the Baltic States could preserve limited sovereignty. This aspect has received little attention in historiography, seemingly because it is treated as an ephemeral, insignificant episode. It cannot be dismissed that the provision of a compromise with the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, which was in principle impossible, did apply. However, historical material suggests a different conclusion. This article was also inspired by Henry Kissinger’s opinion that it was the idealism of the US president Franklin D. Roosevelt that prevented Western states from reaching a compromise with Stalin. This article reveals what went on ‘behind the scenes’ in big politics: how the Baltic States factor, in itself rather insignificant to the big states, allows for identifying the prime g...
The aim of the study is to prove that the military transit of the Russian Federation via the terr... more The aim of the study is to prove that the military transit of the Russian Federation via the territory of the Republic of Lithuania from / to the Kaliningrad Area is not a factor, able to hinder the Euro-Atlantic integration of Lithuania. For the purpose of reaching the goal of the study several tasks are implemented and the following is discussed: first, disintegration of the system of the Cold War and the fate of the occupational USSR troops in the Central Europe; second, the circumstances of withdrawal of the USSR troops from the Republic of Lithuania; third, the negotiations between Vilnius and Moscow, held in 1994-1995 regarding the treaty on military transit; fourth, the regulation of the military transit of the Russian Federation via the territory of the Republic of Lithuania and its practical progress; fifth, the cases of military transit, existing in the international practice. The conclusions state that the contraposition of the so-called “higher” politics to the “lower” o...
As stated by the author, Lithuanian politics of the recent years with regard to the eastern neigh... more As stated by the author, Lithuanian politics of the recent years with regard to the eastern neighbor states, and especially towards Russia, did not permit to fully exploit Klaipeda's seaport transit potential. On the other hand, an ideological struggle against the so-called Soviet legacy raised doubts about the post-WW2 territorial structure of the state. The concrete historical circumstances under which Klaipeda Region became integral part of Lithuania seem to be forgotten. Furthermore, the tendency to ignore the power balance which preconditioned the existence of national Lithuania with an access to the sea started emerging. The author argues that the present national state of Lithuania is not an accidental result of somebody's wishes or caprices; it is the result of the general international democratization process. According to the author, the origin of the modern Lithuanian state is to be found in the conceptual project of the Versailles system which matured during the ...
The review discusses the book “The Year that Changed Everything in Lithuania’s History” by Šarūna... more The review discusses the book “The Year that Changed Everything in Lithuania’s History” by Šarūnas Liekis. The reviewer notes that Liekis takes a contemporary historian’s approach to the past. His used archive material and literature is impressive in volume and diversity, in particular linguistic diversity. The focus of the research is complex, to be more precise – impressionist, because the study is full of the change of plots: economic, political, military, religious, sociological, international policy and diplomacy as well as everyday life. However, this considerable and non-traditional scope by the author is rather risky. Still, it is difficult to make a verdict concerning the level of success of achieving the main goal of the monograph. The more so because the study is structured not as a determinist chain of causes and consequences, but rather reminds of Ilya Glazunov’s painting “The 20th Century Mystery” shimmering of the diversity of images. The material presented by Liekis ...
Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas eBooks, 2007
Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla eBooks, 2006
Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla,2006, 2006
The review discusses the book “Lithuania in European Politics. The Years of the First Republic, 1... more The review discusses the book “Lithuania in European Politics. The Years of the First Republic, 1918–1940” by Vytautas Žalys, Alfred Senn and Alfonsas Eidintas. The book reveals the development of modern Lithuanian nation in the 20th c., focusing on the first period of independent state, i.e. 1918–1940. Moreover, some texts touch upon the formation of modern Lithuanian nation in the 19th c. and reveal the situation after the collapse of statehood in 1940 and its restitution in 1990. A common denominator, according to Senn, is the Lithuanian national self-awareness born out of a non-structured instinct and developed into a strong feeling of national statehood. The review briefly presents the essence of the book, discusses the originality of the concept, gives arguments while considering the scientific problem, and professionally discusses the interpretation of historical events given by individual authors of the book
Jurnal Aquatik, Aug 8, 2018
Teripang pasir merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air laut yang memiliki harga jual tinggi. ... more Teripang pasir merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air laut yang memiliki harga jual tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pertumbuhan relatif dan kelulushidupan teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) dengan menggunakan bahan organik berupa limbah hewan sebagai pakan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan selama 9 minggu yaitu dari tanggal 25 Mei-30 Juli 2017 bertempat di perairan Hansisi, Pulau Semau, Kabupaten Kupang. Teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) (20-30 g) dipelihara dalam kurungan dengan ukuran (1m x 50cm x 1m, 10 individu per kurungan). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan A sebagai kontrol, perlakuan B pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah sapi, perlakuan C pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah kanbing, perlakuan D pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah ayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah hewan sebagai pakan bagi teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) tidak berpengaruh nyata bagi kelangsungan hidup teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra), tetapi berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan relatif. Rata-rata pertumbuhan relatif yaitu:
Jurnal Aquatik, Aug 8, 2018
Teripang pasir merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air laut yang memiliki harga jual tinggi. ... more Teripang pasir merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air laut yang memiliki harga jual tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pertumbuhan relatif dan kelulushidupan teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) dengan menggunakan bahan organik berupa limbah hewan sebagai pakan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan selama 9 minggu yaitu dari tanggal 25 Mei-30 Juli 2017 bertempat di perairan Hansisi, Pulau Semau, Kabupaten Kupang. Teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) (20-30 g) dipelihara dalam kurungan dengan ukuran (1m x 50cm x 1m, 10 individu per kurungan). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan A sebagai kontrol, perlakuan B pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah sapi, perlakuan C pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah kanbing, perlakuan D pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah ayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian detritus dari bahan organik berupa limbah hewan sebagai pakan bagi teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) tidak berpengaruh nyata bagi kelangsungan hidup teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra), tetapi berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan relatif. Rata-rata pertumbuhan relatif yaitu:
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021
The Ulster Medical Journal, 2016
ULSTER SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 94th (Autumn) MEETING, Friday 30th October 2015 Ulster Hospit... more ULSTER SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 94th (Autumn) MEETING, Friday 30th October 2015 Ulster Hospital Dundonald
A method is described for constructing electromagnetic interaction Hamiltonians of a many-particl... more A method is described for constructing electromagnetic interaction Hamiltonians of a many-particle system, based on the usual Hamiltonian formalism. For illustration the Hamiltonian for the pair interaction of spinor particles is derived. (auth)
Sur les concepts d'histoire : Sartre en dialogue Type de publication: Revue Directrices d'ouvrage... more Sur les concepts d'histoire : Sartre en dialogue Type de publication: Revue Directrices d'ouvrage: Collamati (Chiara), Simont (Juliette) Résumé: Seule revue francophone dédiée à Sartre, Études sartriennes couvre tous les aspects de son oeuvre. Outre des études spécialisées, elle publie également des inédits de Sartre. Nombre de pages: 233