أشرف أنس - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by أشرف أنس
The intercession among the Mamluk elite class, the Sultans, statesmen, judges, and scholars, was ... more The intercession among the Mamluk elite class, the Sultans, statesmen, judges, and scholars, was a common incidence in Mamluk historical literature, with the sense of ceasing penalties imposed on individuals or groups by the Sultan or his representatives; furthermore, some of the important people in the state, bureaucrats and judges, participated also in such practice. This term was specific principally to release individuals of Mamluks and princes, as well as writers, judges and other laity, of sultan's punishments. since these penalties were frequently issued without a judicial ruling, but mostly by a personal prejudice and order, whether their doer was the head of the state represented by the Sultan, or any of those powerful and influential representatives of the authority. This was a notable phenomenon in the literature of the Mamluk era, frequently detailed intervention of some to lift those penalties in what was known as "Intercession". This research will examine intercession with the royal punishments in the Mamluk era, in terms of the types of crimes that are interceded, the motives of intercessors, the categories of intercessors and those whom they were interceded for, and the results of intercession.
Sustainability
This study primarily aimed to investigate the impact of green transformational leadership on empl... more This study primarily aimed to investigate the impact of green transformational leadership on employees’ environmental performance and green work engagement in the hotel business. In addition to this, it sought to empirically examine the potential mediating effect of green work engagement in the association amid green transformational leadership and employees’ environmental performance in three- and four-star hotels in Egypt. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and sent to the chosen workforce to ascertain their thoughts on the study’s components (GTL, green work engagement, and hotel employees’ environmental performance) using their connections with HR managers and hotel staff at popular Egyptian tourist sites. The questionnaire was organized to take account of four main aspects: (1) the demographic attributes of the investigated participants, (2) green transformational leadership matters, (3) green work engagement, and (4) employees’ environmental performance matters. St...
Bulletin of the Center Papyrological Studies, 2021
Annales islamologiques, 2019
Documents from the Ḥaram Šarīf are considered to be among the most important historical sources f... more Documents from the Ḥaram Šarīf are considered to be among the most important historical sources from the Mamluk Jerusalem society because they provide much documentary evidence covering all aspects of life in this community during that era. Among the most important documents included in this collection; documents on the cases of marriage and divorce in the community of Jerusalem. The document being studied (No. 646) belongs to this group, and includes two marriage contracts and two divorce contracts for a former slave named Zumurrud, who lived in Jerusalem at the end of the 8th century of the Islamic calendar/14th century. Since the case of Zumurrud is one of the few cases of the lower classes that can trace a large part of its family history thanks to the existence of this document, which includes marriage and divorce contracts, in addition to another document registering a third marriage for her, this study attempts to discuss the case of Zumurrud through the publication and discussion of document 646, which appears to be rich in details revealing important aspects of the life of women in Jerusalem during the Mamluk era.Les documents du Ḥaram Šarīf sont considérés parmi les sources les plus importantes sur la société de Jérusalem à l’époque mamelouke. Ils témoignent en effet, documents à l’appui, de nombreux aspects de la vie sociale à cette époque. Les documents relatifs aux mariages et aux divorces au sein de la société de Jérusalem constituent les documents les plus importants de cette collection. Le document, objet d'étude (n° 646) appartient à cet ensemble. Il comprend deux contrats de mariage et deux contrats de divorce d’une ancienne esclave nommée Zumurrud, qui vivait à Jérusalem à la fin du VIIIe/XIVe siècle. Le cas de Zumurrud est l'un des rares cas issu des classes sociales inférieures, et l’on peut reconstituer une bonne part de l’histoire familiale grâce à ces deux documents, comprenant les contrats de mariage, de divorce, et celui d’un troisième mariage. Cette étude tente de discuter et de commenter le cas de Zumurrud à travers la publication de ces documents, riches en détails révélant des aspects importants de la vie des femmes à Jérusalem à l'époque mamelouke.تعد وثائق الحرم القدسي الشريف إحدى مصادرنا الهامة عن مجتمع مدينة القدس خلال العصر المملوكي، حيث تقدم لنا العديد من الأدلة الوثائقية التي تغطي كافة نواحي الحياة في هذا المجتمع خلال هذا العصر. ومن أهم الوثائق التي تضمها هذه المجموعة الوثائق الخاصة بحالات الزواج والطلاق في المجتمع القدسي. وإلى هذه المجموعة تنتمي الوثيقة موضوع الدراسة والتي تحمل رقم 646، وتضم عقدي زواج وعقدي طلاق لأمة سابقة تدعى زمرد، عاشت في القدس في نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري/الرابع عشر الميلادي. ونظرًا لأن حالة زمرد من الحالات القليلة الخاصة بالطبقات الدنيا التي يمكن متابعة جزء كبير من تاريخها العائلي لوجود هذه الوثيقة التي تحمل عقدي زواج وطلاق لها، بجانب وثيقة أخري تسجل حالة زواج جديدة لها لذلك تحاول هذه الدراسة مناقشة حالة زمرد من خلال نشر الوثيقة 646 الخاصة بها والتعليق عليها، حيث تبدو تلك الوثيقة ثرية ببعض التفاصيل التي تكشف لنا جوانب هامة من حياة المرأة في القدس خلال العصر المملوكي
Bulletin of the Center Papyrological Studies, 2020
History of Mamluk sultanate witnessed several strong individuals who assumed a high positon in th... more History of Mamluk sultanate witnessed several strong individuals who assumed a high positon in the state. These figures were distributed among the heads of the administration of government, whether they were bearers of swords (Arbāb al-Sayf) from the Mamluk princes, or the clerks of Diwān (bearers of the pens /Arbāb al-Aqlām) who worked in the state bureaus. Historians bestowed several titles on these figures which illustrated their high rank. Among these titles "Aẓīm al-Dawalah", which express the high standing of its owner. There were several terms derived from it, or were equal, to describe the stature and exaltedness of its owner. Thus studying position of these figures of state clerks, and the situations lead to occupying them, would reveal some aspects of internal political history and changing situations inside the sultanate, and to perceive signs of political empowerment in the Sultanate, and to what extent was any variables between two periods of the Sultanate, could be observed through studying this topic.
Institut français d'archéologie orientale: Rapports d'activités annuels (, 2012
During the Mamlukids' era, the exile punishment was imposed without a juridical verdict, but by t... more During the Mamlukids' era, the exile punishment was imposed without a juridical verdict, but by the Sultans' decrees, or through the de facto ruler in the state. This exile was enforced for several reason mostly political, which reflects the nature of Muamluk rule, who rely on fights and competition for power. This paper will not examine the exile as punishment and its reasons, but rather will illustrate the degrees of exile punishment, and the cities utilized by the Mamluk sultans as a place of exile, weather these cities were in Egypt or Syria or Hejaz, within the Mamluk sultanate. At the same time, it will focus mainly on Egyptian cities, especially Damietta. This will not be a mere description but rather an attempt to answer the most significant question, i.e. what are the variances between these cities in their function as exile places? Was the exile punishment was merely deportation?. If so the case, why the exile was mainly towards Egyptian cities as a place of exile? Key words: exile-Damietta-prison-Alexandriabanished princes-restriction-freedom of movement.
مجلة کلیة اللغة العربیة بإتاى البارود
The commercial relations between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Italian cities are considered the c... more The commercial relations between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Italian cities are considered the cornerstone of Egypt's commercial activity during the era of the Circassian Mamluks, whether it was with Venice, Genoa, Pisa and Florence. Among the most important notes on these relationships is the commercial organization and commodity exchange between the Sultanate and them, and it is possible to identify what governs these relations through the official documents found in the role of the Italian archive, In addition to the Italian travelers trips that described the relationship between the two sides, and the Mamluk sources. This study examines the role of the Mamluk administration in dealing with foreign embassies, through an Italian novel, which is an official account in the form of a trip, written by one of the ambassadors, describing what he went through with the Mamluk administration, in order to obtain what he believed to be the best gains for his city, Florence. And drawing of the image of employees within the Mamluk administration, and their influential role in the exit and implementation of these agreements.
The intercession among the Mamluk elite class, the Sultans, statesmen, judges, and scholars, was ... more The intercession among the Mamluk elite class, the Sultans, statesmen, judges, and scholars, was a common incidence in Mamluk historical literature, with the sense of ceasing penalties imposed on individuals or groups by the Sultan or his representatives; furthermore, some of the important people in the state, bureaucrats and judges, participated also in such practice. This term was specific principally to release individuals of Mamluks and princes, as well as writers, judges and other laity, of sultan's punishments. since these penalties were frequently issued without a judicial ruling, but mostly by a personal prejudice and order, whether their doer was the head of the state represented by the Sultan, or any of those powerful and influential representatives of the authority. This was a notable phenomenon in the literature of the Mamluk era, frequently detailed intervention of some to lift those penalties in what was known as "Intercession". This research will examine intercession with the royal punishments in the Mamluk era, in terms of the types of crimes that are interceded, the motives of intercessors, the categories of intercessors and those whom they were interceded for, and the results of intercession.
Sustainability
This study primarily aimed to investigate the impact of green transformational leadership on empl... more This study primarily aimed to investigate the impact of green transformational leadership on employees’ environmental performance and green work engagement in the hotel business. In addition to this, it sought to empirically examine the potential mediating effect of green work engagement in the association amid green transformational leadership and employees’ environmental performance in three- and four-star hotels in Egypt. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and sent to the chosen workforce to ascertain their thoughts on the study’s components (GTL, green work engagement, and hotel employees’ environmental performance) using their connections with HR managers and hotel staff at popular Egyptian tourist sites. The questionnaire was organized to take account of four main aspects: (1) the demographic attributes of the investigated participants, (2) green transformational leadership matters, (3) green work engagement, and (4) employees’ environmental performance matters. St...
Bulletin of the Center Papyrological Studies, 2021
Annales islamologiques, 2019
Documents from the Ḥaram Šarīf are considered to be among the most important historical sources f... more Documents from the Ḥaram Šarīf are considered to be among the most important historical sources from the Mamluk Jerusalem society because they provide much documentary evidence covering all aspects of life in this community during that era. Among the most important documents included in this collection; documents on the cases of marriage and divorce in the community of Jerusalem. The document being studied (No. 646) belongs to this group, and includes two marriage contracts and two divorce contracts for a former slave named Zumurrud, who lived in Jerusalem at the end of the 8th century of the Islamic calendar/14th century. Since the case of Zumurrud is one of the few cases of the lower classes that can trace a large part of its family history thanks to the existence of this document, which includes marriage and divorce contracts, in addition to another document registering a third marriage for her, this study attempts to discuss the case of Zumurrud through the publication and discussion of document 646, which appears to be rich in details revealing important aspects of the life of women in Jerusalem during the Mamluk era.Les documents du Ḥaram Šarīf sont considérés parmi les sources les plus importantes sur la société de Jérusalem à l’époque mamelouke. Ils témoignent en effet, documents à l’appui, de nombreux aspects de la vie sociale à cette époque. Les documents relatifs aux mariages et aux divorces au sein de la société de Jérusalem constituent les documents les plus importants de cette collection. Le document, objet d'étude (n° 646) appartient à cet ensemble. Il comprend deux contrats de mariage et deux contrats de divorce d’une ancienne esclave nommée Zumurrud, qui vivait à Jérusalem à la fin du VIIIe/XIVe siècle. Le cas de Zumurrud est l'un des rares cas issu des classes sociales inférieures, et l’on peut reconstituer une bonne part de l’histoire familiale grâce à ces deux documents, comprenant les contrats de mariage, de divorce, et celui d’un troisième mariage. Cette étude tente de discuter et de commenter le cas de Zumurrud à travers la publication de ces documents, riches en détails révélant des aspects importants de la vie des femmes à Jérusalem à l'époque mamelouke.تعد وثائق الحرم القدسي الشريف إحدى مصادرنا الهامة عن مجتمع مدينة القدس خلال العصر المملوكي، حيث تقدم لنا العديد من الأدلة الوثائقية التي تغطي كافة نواحي الحياة في هذا المجتمع خلال هذا العصر. ومن أهم الوثائق التي تضمها هذه المجموعة الوثائق الخاصة بحالات الزواج والطلاق في المجتمع القدسي. وإلى هذه المجموعة تنتمي الوثيقة موضوع الدراسة والتي تحمل رقم 646، وتضم عقدي زواج وعقدي طلاق لأمة سابقة تدعى زمرد، عاشت في القدس في نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري/الرابع عشر الميلادي. ونظرًا لأن حالة زمرد من الحالات القليلة الخاصة بالطبقات الدنيا التي يمكن متابعة جزء كبير من تاريخها العائلي لوجود هذه الوثيقة التي تحمل عقدي زواج وطلاق لها، بجانب وثيقة أخري تسجل حالة زواج جديدة لها لذلك تحاول هذه الدراسة مناقشة حالة زمرد من خلال نشر الوثيقة 646 الخاصة بها والتعليق عليها، حيث تبدو تلك الوثيقة ثرية ببعض التفاصيل التي تكشف لنا جوانب هامة من حياة المرأة في القدس خلال العصر المملوكي
Bulletin of the Center Papyrological Studies, 2020
History of Mamluk sultanate witnessed several strong individuals who assumed a high positon in th... more History of Mamluk sultanate witnessed several strong individuals who assumed a high positon in the state. These figures were distributed among the heads of the administration of government, whether they were bearers of swords (Arbāb al-Sayf) from the Mamluk princes, or the clerks of Diwān (bearers of the pens /Arbāb al-Aqlām) who worked in the state bureaus. Historians bestowed several titles on these figures which illustrated their high rank. Among these titles "Aẓīm al-Dawalah", which express the high standing of its owner. There were several terms derived from it, or were equal, to describe the stature and exaltedness of its owner. Thus studying position of these figures of state clerks, and the situations lead to occupying them, would reveal some aspects of internal political history and changing situations inside the sultanate, and to perceive signs of political empowerment in the Sultanate, and to what extent was any variables between two periods of the Sultanate, could be observed through studying this topic.
Institut français d'archéologie orientale: Rapports d'activités annuels (, 2012
During the Mamlukids' era, the exile punishment was imposed without a juridical verdict, but by t... more During the Mamlukids' era, the exile punishment was imposed without a juridical verdict, but by the Sultans' decrees, or through the de facto ruler in the state. This exile was enforced for several reason mostly political, which reflects the nature of Muamluk rule, who rely on fights and competition for power. This paper will not examine the exile as punishment and its reasons, but rather will illustrate the degrees of exile punishment, and the cities utilized by the Mamluk sultans as a place of exile, weather these cities were in Egypt or Syria or Hejaz, within the Mamluk sultanate. At the same time, it will focus mainly on Egyptian cities, especially Damietta. This will not be a mere description but rather an attempt to answer the most significant question, i.e. what are the variances between these cities in their function as exile places? Was the exile punishment was merely deportation?. If so the case, why the exile was mainly towards Egyptian cities as a place of exile? Key words: exile-Damietta-prison-Alexandriabanished princes-restriction-freedom of movement.
مجلة کلیة اللغة العربیة بإتاى البارود
The commercial relations between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Italian cities are considered the c... more The commercial relations between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Italian cities are considered the cornerstone of Egypt's commercial activity during the era of the Circassian Mamluks, whether it was with Venice, Genoa, Pisa and Florence. Among the most important notes on these relationships is the commercial organization and commodity exchange between the Sultanate and them, and it is possible to identify what governs these relations through the official documents found in the role of the Italian archive, In addition to the Italian travelers trips that described the relationship between the two sides, and the Mamluk sources. This study examines the role of the Mamluk administration in dealing with foreign embassies, through an Italian novel, which is an official account in the form of a trip, written by one of the ambassadors, describing what he went through with the Mamluk administration, in order to obtain what he believed to be the best gains for his city, Florence. And drawing of the image of employees within the Mamluk administration, and their influential role in the exit and implementation of these agreements.