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Research paper thumbnail of Demineralization and Remineralization Dynamics and Dental Caries

Dentistry

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of dietary sugars, dental bio... more Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of dietary sugars, dental biofilm, and the dental tissue of the host. It results from repeated cycles of demineralization and remineralization at the interface of the biofilm and the tooth surface. Demineralization is the process of removing mineral ions from hydroxyapatite crystals in hard tissues, such as enamel, which can lead to dental caries if left unchecked. The remineralization process can reverse the lost mineral ions that occur during demineralization. The degree of demineralization and remineralization depends on several variables, including the amount of available calcium and phosphate and salivary pH levels. Over the past several decades, remineralizing or calcifying fluids with variable calcium, phosphate, and fluoride formulations have been developed. The management of early caries by remineralization has the potential to significantly advance the noninvasive clinical management of the disease. The ch...

Research paper thumbnail of Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHAp) in the Remineralization of Early Dental Caries: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, May 5, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHAp) in the Remineralization of Early Dental Caries: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, May 5, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: of The accuracy and reliability of digital measurements of gingival recession versus conventional methods

Gingival recession measurments for all methods. (XLSX 19 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Serum Nitric Oxide Levels in Smokers with Chronic Periodontitis

Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontal diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role i... more Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontal diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in vascular tone regulation and is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare serum levels of NO in healthy controls, smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis. A total of 90 subjects were divided into 3 equal groups of 30 control patients, 30 non-smokers with chronic periodontitis and 30 smokers with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal disease status was determined by recording probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Serum nitric oxide activity was estimated using Griess colorimetric reactions. The results were compared and statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The mean NO levels in serum were found to be highest in smokers with periodontitis, followed by the periodontitis group, and then by the healthy controls (88.20±3.95, 82.29±3.54, and 64.69±2.16, μM/L respectively). The values were statistica...

Research paper thumbnail of Gag Reflex: A Comparative Study Among Different Prosthodontic Treatment Modalities

oral health and dental management, 2017

Background: In routine prosthodontic treatment, prosthodontists may encounter patients having inc... more Background: In routine prosthodontic treatment, prosthodontists may encounter patients having increased oral sensitivity to foreign objects, resulting in gagging. The present study was done to survey the patients with gag reflex needing prosthetic treatment. Materials and methods: This descriptive epidemiological investigation was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics at College of Dentistry, Jazan in the month of March and April 2017. The patients undergoing prosthodontic treatment for replacement of teeth were selected for the study. Patients who came for the treatment of any type of prosthesis [Removable partial denture (RPD), Fixed partial denture (FPD) and / or Complete denture (CD)] were included in the study. A self-structured questionnaire pretested through pilot study was designed to verify the prevalence of gag reflex. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Descriptive statistics were obtained and frequency distributions were calculated. Chi-square test was don...

Research paper thumbnail of Correction to: The accuracy and reliability of digital measurements of gingival recession versus conventional methods

Research paper thumbnail of Physical Characteristics and Bacterial Adhesion of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing and Conventional Provisional Restorative Materials

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Research paper thumbnail of Radiographic Evaluation of Post–core Restorations fabricated by Dental Students at Jazan University

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2018

Materials and methods: A total of 343 periapical X-rays of cemented posts (170 from males and 173... more Materials and methods: A total of 343 periapical X-rays of cemented posts (170 from males and 173 from females) were assessed. The assessment covered tooth type, arch, gender, type of post, length of post in relation to the crown and root lengths, the presence of any abnormality in post space, status of the remaining gutta-percha (GP), and the presence or absence of spaces between the end of post and GP. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program (version 21), and associations between variables were determined using chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. Results: Maxillary teeth were the most frequently restored with posts, and the majority (41%) comprised incisors. Similarly, glass fiber post (69%) and taper-shaped posts (86%) were the most used posts. The majority of posts (81.6%) featured a width one-thirds that of the root. Lengths of posts were twice (58%) or equal to (51%) crown and root length respectively. More than 55% of cases presented 3 to 5 mm of GP at their apical portion, and 29% reached more than 5 mm. Approximately 5 to 8% of assessed cases revealed widening of periodontal ligaments,

Research paper thumbnail of Implant placement with guided bone regeneration in the maxillary aesthetic zone - A case report with 3 years of follow up

Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Research, 2017

The placement of implants in a prosthetically driven position depends on the quantity and quality... more The placement of implants in a prosthetically driven position depends on the quantity and quality of available bone especially in the anterior region of maxilla. Implant placement and its restoration becomes clinically challenging when the alveolar ridge lacks sufficient bone volume. Additional surgical procedures are required to augment the bone deficiency in such clinical situations. Advanced procedures such as guided bone regeneration provides a conducive environment for successful placement of implants, where non-osseous cells are inhibited and osteoblast derived from the periosteum and the bones are induced to form new bone. This article presents a case report of simultaneous approach of guided bone regeneration and implant placement in the maxillary anterior with narrow ridge defect. After six months of healing period implant was aesthetically restored.

Research paper thumbnail of Third molar impaction in the Jazan Region: Evaluation of the prevalence and clinical presentation

Research paper thumbnail of A conservative approach to replace missing teeth in the aesthetic zone with Maryland bridge – A case report

Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Research

Restoring the missing central incisors in the mandibular jaw is one of the most difficult estheti... more Restoring the missing central incisors in the mandibular jaw is one of the most difficult esthetic challenges in dentistry. A space in the mandibular anterior region of the dental arch can produce a psychological impact on the young patient. Resin bonded bridges are highly effective treatment option in these situations to restore the oral function and aesthetics and result in high levels of patient satisfaction. Maryland bridges are the type of resin bonded bridge with certain advantages over conventional fixed dental prosthesis such as minimal removal of the tooth structure, minimal potential for pulpal trauma, supra gingival margin preparation and reduced time and cost. Provisional restorations are usually not required. Maryland bridges are cemented to the abutment tooth using electrolytic etching of the metal surface to retain the metal framework. After etching of the metal, the bond is stronger between the tooth surface and the prosthesis. The bridge retention has been enhanced by the development of resin cements which bond chemically to both the tooth surface and the metal alloy. However, there are certain limitations of resin bonded prosthesis such as short clinical crowns, long edentulous spans, restored or damaged abutments, para-functional habits, deep bite and compromised enamel hyperplasia. This case report mentions the advantages, disadvantages, indications, contraindications and a simplified technique to restore the missing mandibular central incisors in a young adult patient with fabrication of Maryland bridge.

Research paper thumbnail of The accuracy and reliability of digital measurements of gingival recession versus conventional methods

BMC Oral Health

Background: An apical shift in the position of the gingiva beyond the cemento-enamel junction lea... more Background: An apical shift in the position of the gingiva beyond the cemento-enamel junction leads to gingival recession. This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of digital measurements of gingival recession when compared to conventional measurements taken clinically using periodontal probes. Methods: Gingival recession was measured at 97 sites in the oral cavity by four examiners using the following methods: CP, direct measurement of gingival recession using William's periodontal probe intraorally; CC, measurements on cast models using a caliper; DP, digital measurement on virtual models obtained by intraoral scanning, and DC, digital measurements on virtual models of dental casts. Intra-class and inter-rater correlations were analyzed. Bland Altman plots were drawn to visually determine the magnitude of differences in any given pair-wise measurements. Results: In this study, good inter-methods reliability was observed for almost all the examiners ranging from 0.907 to 0.918, except for one examiner (0.837). The greatest disagreements between the raters were observed for methods; CP (0.631) followed by CC (0.85), while the best agreements were observed for methods DP (0.9) followed by DC (0.872). Conclusion: Variations in measurements between examiners can be reduced by using digital technologies when compared to conventional methods. Improved reproducibility of measurements obtained via intraoral scanning will increase the validity and reliability of future studies that compare different treatment modalities for root coverage.

Research paper thumbnail of Demineralization and Remineralization Dynamics and Dental Caries

Dentistry

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of dietary sugars, dental bio... more Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of dietary sugars, dental biofilm, and the dental tissue of the host. It results from repeated cycles of demineralization and remineralization at the interface of the biofilm and the tooth surface. Demineralization is the process of removing mineral ions from hydroxyapatite crystals in hard tissues, such as enamel, which can lead to dental caries if left unchecked. The remineralization process can reverse the lost mineral ions that occur during demineralization. The degree of demineralization and remineralization depends on several variables, including the amount of available calcium and phosphate and salivary pH levels. Over the past several decades, remineralizing or calcifying fluids with variable calcium, phosphate, and fluoride formulations have been developed. The management of early caries by remineralization has the potential to significantly advance the noninvasive clinical management of the disease. The ch...

Research paper thumbnail of Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHAp) in the Remineralization of Early Dental Caries: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, May 5, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHAp) in the Remineralization of Early Dental Caries: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, May 5, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1: of The accuracy and reliability of digital measurements of gingival recession versus conventional methods

Gingival recession measurments for all methods. (XLSX 19 kb)

Research paper thumbnail of Serum Nitric Oxide Levels in Smokers with Chronic Periodontitis

Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontal diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role i... more Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontal diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in vascular tone regulation and is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare serum levels of NO in healthy controls, smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis. A total of 90 subjects were divided into 3 equal groups of 30 control patients, 30 non-smokers with chronic periodontitis and 30 smokers with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal disease status was determined by recording probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Serum nitric oxide activity was estimated using Griess colorimetric reactions. The results were compared and statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The mean NO levels in serum were found to be highest in smokers with periodontitis, followed by the periodontitis group, and then by the healthy controls (88.20±3.95, 82.29±3.54, and 64.69±2.16, μM/L respectively). The values were statistica...

Research paper thumbnail of Gag Reflex: A Comparative Study Among Different Prosthodontic Treatment Modalities

oral health and dental management, 2017

Background: In routine prosthodontic treatment, prosthodontists may encounter patients having inc... more Background: In routine prosthodontic treatment, prosthodontists may encounter patients having increased oral sensitivity to foreign objects, resulting in gagging. The present study was done to survey the patients with gag reflex needing prosthetic treatment. Materials and methods: This descriptive epidemiological investigation was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics at College of Dentistry, Jazan in the month of March and April 2017. The patients undergoing prosthodontic treatment for replacement of teeth were selected for the study. Patients who came for the treatment of any type of prosthesis [Removable partial denture (RPD), Fixed partial denture (FPD) and / or Complete denture (CD)] were included in the study. A self-structured questionnaire pretested through pilot study was designed to verify the prevalence of gag reflex. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Descriptive statistics were obtained and frequency distributions were calculated. Chi-square test was don...

Research paper thumbnail of Correction to: The accuracy and reliability of digital measurements of gingival recession versus conventional methods

Research paper thumbnail of Physical Characteristics and Bacterial Adhesion of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing and Conventional Provisional Restorative Materials

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Research paper thumbnail of Radiographic Evaluation of Post–core Restorations fabricated by Dental Students at Jazan University

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2018

Materials and methods: A total of 343 periapical X-rays of cemented posts (170 from males and 173... more Materials and methods: A total of 343 periapical X-rays of cemented posts (170 from males and 173 from females) were assessed. The assessment covered tooth type, arch, gender, type of post, length of post in relation to the crown and root lengths, the presence of any abnormality in post space, status of the remaining gutta-percha (GP), and the presence or absence of spaces between the end of post and GP. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program (version 21), and associations between variables were determined using chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. Results: Maxillary teeth were the most frequently restored with posts, and the majority (41%) comprised incisors. Similarly, glass fiber post (69%) and taper-shaped posts (86%) were the most used posts. The majority of posts (81.6%) featured a width one-thirds that of the root. Lengths of posts were twice (58%) or equal to (51%) crown and root length respectively. More than 55% of cases presented 3 to 5 mm of GP at their apical portion, and 29% reached more than 5 mm. Approximately 5 to 8% of assessed cases revealed widening of periodontal ligaments,

Research paper thumbnail of Implant placement with guided bone regeneration in the maxillary aesthetic zone - A case report with 3 years of follow up

Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Research, 2017

The placement of implants in a prosthetically driven position depends on the quantity and quality... more The placement of implants in a prosthetically driven position depends on the quantity and quality of available bone especially in the anterior region of maxilla. Implant placement and its restoration becomes clinically challenging when the alveolar ridge lacks sufficient bone volume. Additional surgical procedures are required to augment the bone deficiency in such clinical situations. Advanced procedures such as guided bone regeneration provides a conducive environment for successful placement of implants, where non-osseous cells are inhibited and osteoblast derived from the periosteum and the bones are induced to form new bone. This article presents a case report of simultaneous approach of guided bone regeneration and implant placement in the maxillary anterior with narrow ridge defect. After six months of healing period implant was aesthetically restored.

Research paper thumbnail of Third molar impaction in the Jazan Region: Evaluation of the prevalence and clinical presentation

Research paper thumbnail of A conservative approach to replace missing teeth in the aesthetic zone with Maryland bridge – A case report

Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Research

Restoring the missing central incisors in the mandibular jaw is one of the most difficult estheti... more Restoring the missing central incisors in the mandibular jaw is one of the most difficult esthetic challenges in dentistry. A space in the mandibular anterior region of the dental arch can produce a psychological impact on the young patient. Resin bonded bridges are highly effective treatment option in these situations to restore the oral function and aesthetics and result in high levels of patient satisfaction. Maryland bridges are the type of resin bonded bridge with certain advantages over conventional fixed dental prosthesis such as minimal removal of the tooth structure, minimal potential for pulpal trauma, supra gingival margin preparation and reduced time and cost. Provisional restorations are usually not required. Maryland bridges are cemented to the abutment tooth using electrolytic etching of the metal surface to retain the metal framework. After etching of the metal, the bond is stronger between the tooth surface and the prosthesis. The bridge retention has been enhanced by the development of resin cements which bond chemically to both the tooth surface and the metal alloy. However, there are certain limitations of resin bonded prosthesis such as short clinical crowns, long edentulous spans, restored or damaged abutments, para-functional habits, deep bite and compromised enamel hyperplasia. This case report mentions the advantages, disadvantages, indications, contraindications and a simplified technique to restore the missing mandibular central incisors in a young adult patient with fabrication of Maryland bridge.

Research paper thumbnail of The accuracy and reliability of digital measurements of gingival recession versus conventional methods

BMC Oral Health

Background: An apical shift in the position of the gingiva beyond the cemento-enamel junction lea... more Background: An apical shift in the position of the gingiva beyond the cemento-enamel junction leads to gingival recession. This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of digital measurements of gingival recession when compared to conventional measurements taken clinically using periodontal probes. Methods: Gingival recession was measured at 97 sites in the oral cavity by four examiners using the following methods: CP, direct measurement of gingival recession using William's periodontal probe intraorally; CC, measurements on cast models using a caliper; DP, digital measurement on virtual models obtained by intraoral scanning, and DC, digital measurements on virtual models of dental casts. Intra-class and inter-rater correlations were analyzed. Bland Altman plots were drawn to visually determine the magnitude of differences in any given pair-wise measurements. Results: In this study, good inter-methods reliability was observed for almost all the examiners ranging from 0.907 to 0.918, except for one examiner (0.837). The greatest disagreements between the raters were observed for methods; CP (0.631) followed by CC (0.85), while the best agreements were observed for methods DP (0.9) followed by DC (0.872). Conclusion: Variations in measurements between examiners can be reduced by using digital technologies when compared to conventional methods. Improved reproducibility of measurements obtained via intraoral scanning will increase the validity and reliability of future studies that compare different treatment modalities for root coverage.