Agnieszka Kopia - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Agnieszka Kopia
Materials, Jul 12, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Materials Science And Engineering: B, Jul 1, 2022
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Nauki Techniczne, 2011
Inżynieria Materiałowa, 2010
Journal of Microscopy, Oct 1, 2006
ABSTRACT CeO(2) thin films doped with neodymium oxides for application to gas sensors have been e... more ABSTRACT CeO(2) thin films doped with neodymium oxides for application to gas sensors have been elaborated by the pulsed laser deposition technique. The films were deposited on orientated Si (100) substrates with variable deposition times (t = 90, 180 and 360 s) and molar fractions of Nd(2)O(3) (0, 6.5, 15, 21.5 and 27 at.%). The resulting Nd-CeO(2) thin films were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy equipped with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer) microanalysis. From X-ray diffraction analyses, it is clearly established that the texture is modified by Nd additions. The preferred (111) orientations of the CeO(2) crystals change into the (200) orientation. The morphology of the CeO(2) grains changes from triangles, for pure CeO(2) thin films, to spherical grains for Nd-doped films. In addition, cell parameter analyses from X-ray diffraction data show that a partial chemical substitution of Ce by Nd should occur in the face-centred cubic lattice of ceria: this should give rise to Ce(1-x)Nd(x)O(2-z) phases with oxygen non-stoichiometry.
Inżynieria Materiałowa, 2007
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, And Environmental Effects, Sep 19, 2018
The aim of the present research was to investigate the influence of different biomasses and sewag... more The aim of the present research was to investigate the influence of different biomasses and sewage sludge ash (at 650°C for 1000 h and 2000 h, respectively) on the surface of weld cladded (Cold Metal Transfer technique, CMT) stainless steels 309 and 310. The biomass ashes were rich in K 2 O, CaO, SiO 2 , whereas sewage sludge ash in P 2 O 5 , CaO, Fe 2 O 3 , and SiO 2. Characterization of the stainless steel cross-section and surface after the corrosion process inducted by the presence of ash were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDAX analysis. Phase analysis of corrosion products was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Chromium, nickel, and iron oxides were the main oxides which occurred after the corrosion test. It has been proved that biomass ashes have the corrosive properties (because of their chemical composition) and are more aggressive than the sewage sludge ash for that kind of materials.
Acta Physica Polonica A, May 1, 2017
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of biomass ashes-specifically wood biomass... more The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of biomass ashes-specifically wood biomass ashon the surface of austenitic stainless steel 309 and 310. The process was carried out for 1000 h at 650 • C. The microstructure and chemical composition of corrosion products were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Phase analysis of corrosion product were done by X-ray diffraction and ash composition was investigated by X-ray fluorescence. It was observed that wood biomass ash caused the corrosion of the steel surface. On the surface of the steels exposed to wood biomass ash the layer of corrosion products was observed, mostly chromium, nickel and iron oxide. The thickness of mill scale formed during the process was in the range of h = 15−30µm.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Jul 26, 2023
Kinetics of the high temperature oxidation of the inconel 686 coatings in the Waste incineration ... more Kinetics of the high temperature oxidation of the inconel 686 coatings in the Waste incineration ash in this paper, detailed characterization of the oxide scale, grown on the inconel 686 coating after high-temperature oxidation at 650°c in ashes from waste incineration power plant was performed. phase composition, morphology, microstructure and chemical composition of the oxide scale were investigated using XRD and SeM analysis. Mechanisms of formation and growth of oxide scales were examined, resulting in the insights into oxidation kinetics. Results revealed presence of Nio in the outermost layer of the oxide scale. at the bottom of oxide scale, crNi 2 o 4 spinel layers were formed due to the increasing concentration of cr. in the middle area of oxide scale, due to higher concentration of cr and lower amount of Ni, the cr 2 Nio 4 spinel is formed. the innermost layer was composed of cr 2 o 3 .
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, Jul 18, 2020
In this work, polytetrafluoroethylene/polyetheretherketone (PTFE/PEEK 708) coatings were fabricat... more In this work, polytetrafluoroethylene/polyetheretherketone (PTFE/PEEK 708) coatings were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and heat treatment to improve the tribological properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. A stable suspension containing chitosan polyelectrolyte allowed the co-deposition of both polymer types. The effect of soaking temperature and cooling rate on the coating microstructure was determined. The homogeneous coatings were obtained by heating at 450°C and cooling with a furnace or in water. The crystalline PTFE separate particles and their agglomerates were homogeneously distributed in a PEEK matrix. Interestingly, the PEEK structure was amorphous regardless of the cooling rate after heating. This new phenomenon is associated with the fluorination process. The coatings exhibited moderate scratch resistance but significantly decreased the coefficient of friction (COF) and enhanced the wear resistance of the alloy during the dry friction process in sliding contact with an Al 2 O 3 ball. The COF of the PTFE/PEEK 708 coating equaled 0.10 at room temperature (RT) and was lower than that of the alloy and pure PEEK 708 coating investigated in the same conditions, which reached 0.70 and 0.27, respectively. The wear rate of the coated alloy at RT was lower than that of the uncoated and PEEK 708 coated alloy, around 1900 and 10 times, respectively. Both the COF and wear increased slightly during friction at 150°C. The coating was not effective in improving the alloy's tribological properties during friction at 260°C.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Jun 1, 2016
The article presents the investigation results concerning the determination of the characteristic... more The article presents the investigation results concerning the determination of the characteristics of erosive wear caused by the impact of Al 2 O 3 solid particles on the surface of Inconel 625 alloy after plastic working and the same material after weld cladding process using the CMT method. Erosion wear tests were performed at two temperatures: 20°C and 650°C. The erosion tests were conducted using the standard ASTM G76. A jet with a specified abrasive waight was directed to the surface of the tested material at an α impingement angle varied in the range of 30-90° at a velocity imparted to the abrasive by the medium, which was compressed air. The eroded surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the depths of craters caused by the erosion tests were measured with an optical profilometer. The predominant mechanisms of the formation of mass losses during solid particle erosion were microcutting and microfissuring.
Acta Physica Polonica A, Oct 1, 2016
Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, e.g. Inconel 625 and 686, exhibit high-temperature corrosion, oxidation and wear... more Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, e.g. Inconel 625 and 686, exhibit high-temperature corrosion, oxidation and wear resistance. For this reason, these alloys are typically used as a coating material in different environments as effective solid-state diffusion barriers between the corrosive atmosphere and the base metal. To perform the Ni-base weld overlays, without introducing too much Fe, a new welding technique called cold metal transfer was used. High-temperature corrosion of boiler parts during incineration of waste was investigated. Boiler tubes were coated with Inconel 625 and Inconel 686 nickel alloys and, after subjecting them to waste incineration ashes, they were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer to reveal different corrosion mechanisms and their causes. Results indicate a strong dependence of the boiler steel corrosion on anions in the incineration waste ash. X-ray diffraction characteristics of the scale showed that surface corrosion processes induce the formation of CrO2, NiO. The presence of iron in the clad weld surface is conductive to the formation of the Fe2O3 oxide.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2016
The LaFeO 3 is potential materials for gas sensor application because shows p-type semiconducting... more The LaFeO 3 is potential materials for gas sensor application because shows p-type semiconducting properties. In this paper we proposed the new method PED (Pulsed Electron Deposition) for deposition thin films La 1-x Sr x FeO 3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2) and analysis the influence of strontium on the structure. The doping of LaFeO 3 by Sr resulted in the decreasing of grains size and on the surface we observed small droplets. The changes the size of the grains will positively effect on the properties such as sensitivity for the gases, due to the increase of the surface reactions efficiency.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Sep 1, 2015
Fuel, Oct 1, 2021
Abstract Biomasses are a promising way to reduce the CO2 emissions in many industrial processes f... more Abstract Biomasses are a promising way to reduce the CO2 emissions in many industrial processes for the generation of energy and chemical base materials. To enable them to be used in related thermochemical conversion processes, their thermal behaviour and ash properties, which are the main limiting factors, must be investigated. In the present study, four feedstocks from two types of biomass are studied. The thermal behaviour is determined by thermal gravimetry (TG), differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Comparable behaviour with only minor deviations is achieved for all biomass samples, which is largely independent of the exact properties of the feedstocks. The key goal of this work was to compare the properties of ashes obtained under 550 °C (standard procedure) and 200 °C (using plasma). Chemical analysis (applying X-ray fluorescence method) indicates the differences in the ash composition even in the particular types of biomass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) reveals that the composition is heterogeneously distributed over the different ash particles. Based on the different ashing temperatures, the transformation of the mineral phases in real conversion processes determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is simulated. Despite the heterogeneities in the ash particles’ chemical composition and distribution within each particular type of biomass, they demonstrate highly similar ash fusion temperatures. The thermochemical calculations using the FactSage™ software package have well reflected the ash fusion temperatures and the ash fusion interval.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Jun 1, 2018
Microstructure and properties of Inconel 625 coatings deposited by the Cold Metal Transfer techni... more Microstructure and properties of Inconel 625 coatings deposited by the Cold Metal Transfer technique on a 16Mo3 boiler tube were investigated. The clad layers were shown to have a typical cellular-dendritic structure with secondary phases in the interdendritic regions (e.g. Laves phases and complex nitrides/carbides (MX)). Nanohardness of the interdendritic regions was higher than of the ɣ matrix dendritic regions. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed microsegregation of Ni, Cr, Fe to the dendritic regions, as well as interdendritic segregation of Nb and Mo. Based on the phase identifications performed, a new solidification path is proposed.
Bulletin of The Polish Academy of Sciences-technical Sciences, Dec 1, 2012
The state of laser processing in surface materials modification in Poland is reported, based on o... more The state of laser processing in surface materials modification in Poland is reported, based on own experience, coworkers and coauthors results, as well the literature review. The curriculum concerning historical development of lasers and laser technology in Poland, laser-matter interaction, as well basis of different laser techniques applied in materials surface engineering (solid state hardening, melting, alloying, cladding, ablation, shot peening, cleaning and texturing) are reviewed, and compared with results of coauthors, as well with a wide range of Polish authors papers. Finally, it is concluded that overall state of research on laser application in surface engineering in Poland is well developed and still growing industrial application is observed.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, May 11, 2023
In this study, multilayered Cu/HA/ZnS+PEEK coatings were fabricated using hybrid technology on Zr... more In this study, multilayered Cu/HA/ZnS+PEEK coatings were fabricated using hybrid technology on Zr-2.5Nb alloy substrates. The use of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and heat treatment allowed the 1st base composite ZnS+PEEK layer and the 2nd hydroxyapatite (HA) top layer to be obtained. The EPD kinetics of both layers was studied. Heating at a temperature of 450°C and slow cooling resulted in densification and sulfonation of PEEK. It also led to an increase in the adhesion of HA particles on the surface of the PEEK+ZnS layer and to the settlement of HA particles deep into the 1st layer. The effect of substrate preparation on the adhesion strength of coatings was investigated. The ZnS+PEEK layer exhibited high adhesion to the chemically treated zirconium alloy. Furthermore, the first layer was characterized by a high scratch resistance. The selective distribution of Cu on the top of the coating was obtained by shadow-masked pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The multilayered coatings exhibited high roughness and mild hydrophobicity. This study showed the possibility of obtaining a multilayered coating system with a controlled distribution of bioactive components (HA) and antimicrobial components (Cu) on its surface using a hybrid method that combined EPD, heat treatment, and PLD.
Materials, Aug 18, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Materials, Jul 12, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Materials Science And Engineering: B, Jul 1, 2022
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Nauki Techniczne, 2011
Inżynieria Materiałowa, 2010
Journal of Microscopy, Oct 1, 2006
ABSTRACT CeO(2) thin films doped with neodymium oxides for application to gas sensors have been e... more ABSTRACT CeO(2) thin films doped with neodymium oxides for application to gas sensors have been elaborated by the pulsed laser deposition technique. The films were deposited on orientated Si (100) substrates with variable deposition times (t = 90, 180 and 360 s) and molar fractions of Nd(2)O(3) (0, 6.5, 15, 21.5 and 27 at.%). The resulting Nd-CeO(2) thin films were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy equipped with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer) microanalysis. From X-ray diffraction analyses, it is clearly established that the texture is modified by Nd additions. The preferred (111) orientations of the CeO(2) crystals change into the (200) orientation. The morphology of the CeO(2) grains changes from triangles, for pure CeO(2) thin films, to spherical grains for Nd-doped films. In addition, cell parameter analyses from X-ray diffraction data show that a partial chemical substitution of Ce by Nd should occur in the face-centred cubic lattice of ceria: this should give rise to Ce(1-x)Nd(x)O(2-z) phases with oxygen non-stoichiometry.
Inżynieria Materiałowa, 2007
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, And Environmental Effects, Sep 19, 2018
The aim of the present research was to investigate the influence of different biomasses and sewag... more The aim of the present research was to investigate the influence of different biomasses and sewage sludge ash (at 650°C for 1000 h and 2000 h, respectively) on the surface of weld cladded (Cold Metal Transfer technique, CMT) stainless steels 309 and 310. The biomass ashes were rich in K 2 O, CaO, SiO 2 , whereas sewage sludge ash in P 2 O 5 , CaO, Fe 2 O 3 , and SiO 2. Characterization of the stainless steel cross-section and surface after the corrosion process inducted by the presence of ash were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDAX analysis. Phase analysis of corrosion products was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Chromium, nickel, and iron oxides were the main oxides which occurred after the corrosion test. It has been proved that biomass ashes have the corrosive properties (because of their chemical composition) and are more aggressive than the sewage sludge ash for that kind of materials.
Acta Physica Polonica A, May 1, 2017
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of biomass ashes-specifically wood biomass... more The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of biomass ashes-specifically wood biomass ashon the surface of austenitic stainless steel 309 and 310. The process was carried out for 1000 h at 650 • C. The microstructure and chemical composition of corrosion products were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Phase analysis of corrosion product were done by X-ray diffraction and ash composition was investigated by X-ray fluorescence. It was observed that wood biomass ash caused the corrosion of the steel surface. On the surface of the steels exposed to wood biomass ash the layer of corrosion products was observed, mostly chromium, nickel and iron oxide. The thickness of mill scale formed during the process was in the range of h = 15−30µm.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Jul 26, 2023
Kinetics of the high temperature oxidation of the inconel 686 coatings in the Waste incineration ... more Kinetics of the high temperature oxidation of the inconel 686 coatings in the Waste incineration ash in this paper, detailed characterization of the oxide scale, grown on the inconel 686 coating after high-temperature oxidation at 650°c in ashes from waste incineration power plant was performed. phase composition, morphology, microstructure and chemical composition of the oxide scale were investigated using XRD and SeM analysis. Mechanisms of formation and growth of oxide scales were examined, resulting in the insights into oxidation kinetics. Results revealed presence of Nio in the outermost layer of the oxide scale. at the bottom of oxide scale, crNi 2 o 4 spinel layers were formed due to the increasing concentration of cr. in the middle area of oxide scale, due to higher concentration of cr and lower amount of Ni, the cr 2 Nio 4 spinel is formed. the innermost layer was composed of cr 2 o 3 .
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, Jul 18, 2020
In this work, polytetrafluoroethylene/polyetheretherketone (PTFE/PEEK 708) coatings were fabricat... more In this work, polytetrafluoroethylene/polyetheretherketone (PTFE/PEEK 708) coatings were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and heat treatment to improve the tribological properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. A stable suspension containing chitosan polyelectrolyte allowed the co-deposition of both polymer types. The effect of soaking temperature and cooling rate on the coating microstructure was determined. The homogeneous coatings were obtained by heating at 450°C and cooling with a furnace or in water. The crystalline PTFE separate particles and their agglomerates were homogeneously distributed in a PEEK matrix. Interestingly, the PEEK structure was amorphous regardless of the cooling rate after heating. This new phenomenon is associated with the fluorination process. The coatings exhibited moderate scratch resistance but significantly decreased the coefficient of friction (COF) and enhanced the wear resistance of the alloy during the dry friction process in sliding contact with an Al 2 O 3 ball. The COF of the PTFE/PEEK 708 coating equaled 0.10 at room temperature (RT) and was lower than that of the alloy and pure PEEK 708 coating investigated in the same conditions, which reached 0.70 and 0.27, respectively. The wear rate of the coated alloy at RT was lower than that of the uncoated and PEEK 708 coated alloy, around 1900 and 10 times, respectively. Both the COF and wear increased slightly during friction at 150°C. The coating was not effective in improving the alloy's tribological properties during friction at 260°C.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Jun 1, 2016
The article presents the investigation results concerning the determination of the characteristic... more The article presents the investigation results concerning the determination of the characteristics of erosive wear caused by the impact of Al 2 O 3 solid particles on the surface of Inconel 625 alloy after plastic working and the same material after weld cladding process using the CMT method. Erosion wear tests were performed at two temperatures: 20°C and 650°C. The erosion tests were conducted using the standard ASTM G76. A jet with a specified abrasive waight was directed to the surface of the tested material at an α impingement angle varied in the range of 30-90° at a velocity imparted to the abrasive by the medium, which was compressed air. The eroded surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the depths of craters caused by the erosion tests were measured with an optical profilometer. The predominant mechanisms of the formation of mass losses during solid particle erosion were microcutting and microfissuring.
Acta Physica Polonica A, Oct 1, 2016
Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, e.g. Inconel 625 and 686, exhibit high-temperature corrosion, oxidation and wear... more Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, e.g. Inconel 625 and 686, exhibit high-temperature corrosion, oxidation and wear resistance. For this reason, these alloys are typically used as a coating material in different environments as effective solid-state diffusion barriers between the corrosive atmosphere and the base metal. To perform the Ni-base weld overlays, without introducing too much Fe, a new welding technique called cold metal transfer was used. High-temperature corrosion of boiler parts during incineration of waste was investigated. Boiler tubes were coated with Inconel 625 and Inconel 686 nickel alloys and, after subjecting them to waste incineration ashes, they were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer to reveal different corrosion mechanisms and their causes. Results indicate a strong dependence of the boiler steel corrosion on anions in the incineration waste ash. X-ray diffraction characteristics of the scale showed that surface corrosion processes induce the formation of CrO2, NiO. The presence of iron in the clad weld surface is conductive to the formation of the Fe2O3 oxide.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2016
The LaFeO 3 is potential materials for gas sensor application because shows p-type semiconducting... more The LaFeO 3 is potential materials for gas sensor application because shows p-type semiconducting properties. In this paper we proposed the new method PED (Pulsed Electron Deposition) for deposition thin films La 1-x Sr x FeO 3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2) and analysis the influence of strontium on the structure. The doping of LaFeO 3 by Sr resulted in the decreasing of grains size and on the surface we observed small droplets. The changes the size of the grains will positively effect on the properties such as sensitivity for the gases, due to the increase of the surface reactions efficiency.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Sep 1, 2015
Fuel, Oct 1, 2021
Abstract Biomasses are a promising way to reduce the CO2 emissions in many industrial processes f... more Abstract Biomasses are a promising way to reduce the CO2 emissions in many industrial processes for the generation of energy and chemical base materials. To enable them to be used in related thermochemical conversion processes, their thermal behaviour and ash properties, which are the main limiting factors, must be investigated. In the present study, four feedstocks from two types of biomass are studied. The thermal behaviour is determined by thermal gravimetry (TG), differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Comparable behaviour with only minor deviations is achieved for all biomass samples, which is largely independent of the exact properties of the feedstocks. The key goal of this work was to compare the properties of ashes obtained under 550 °C (standard procedure) and 200 °C (using plasma). Chemical analysis (applying X-ray fluorescence method) indicates the differences in the ash composition even in the particular types of biomass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) reveals that the composition is heterogeneously distributed over the different ash particles. Based on the different ashing temperatures, the transformation of the mineral phases in real conversion processes determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is simulated. Despite the heterogeneities in the ash particles’ chemical composition and distribution within each particular type of biomass, they demonstrate highly similar ash fusion temperatures. The thermochemical calculations using the FactSage™ software package have well reflected the ash fusion temperatures and the ash fusion interval.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Jun 1, 2018
Microstructure and properties of Inconel 625 coatings deposited by the Cold Metal Transfer techni... more Microstructure and properties of Inconel 625 coatings deposited by the Cold Metal Transfer technique on a 16Mo3 boiler tube were investigated. The clad layers were shown to have a typical cellular-dendritic structure with secondary phases in the interdendritic regions (e.g. Laves phases and complex nitrides/carbides (MX)). Nanohardness of the interdendritic regions was higher than of the ɣ matrix dendritic regions. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed microsegregation of Ni, Cr, Fe to the dendritic regions, as well as interdendritic segregation of Nb and Mo. Based on the phase identifications performed, a new solidification path is proposed.
Bulletin of The Polish Academy of Sciences-technical Sciences, Dec 1, 2012
The state of laser processing in surface materials modification in Poland is reported, based on o... more The state of laser processing in surface materials modification in Poland is reported, based on own experience, coworkers and coauthors results, as well the literature review. The curriculum concerning historical development of lasers and laser technology in Poland, laser-matter interaction, as well basis of different laser techniques applied in materials surface engineering (solid state hardening, melting, alloying, cladding, ablation, shot peening, cleaning and texturing) are reviewed, and compared with results of coauthors, as well with a wide range of Polish authors papers. Finally, it is concluded that overall state of research on laser application in surface engineering in Poland is well developed and still growing industrial application is observed.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, May 11, 2023
In this study, multilayered Cu/HA/ZnS+PEEK coatings were fabricated using hybrid technology on Zr... more In this study, multilayered Cu/HA/ZnS+PEEK coatings were fabricated using hybrid technology on Zr-2.5Nb alloy substrates. The use of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and heat treatment allowed the 1st base composite ZnS+PEEK layer and the 2nd hydroxyapatite (HA) top layer to be obtained. The EPD kinetics of both layers was studied. Heating at a temperature of 450°C and slow cooling resulted in densification and sulfonation of PEEK. It also led to an increase in the adhesion of HA particles on the surface of the PEEK+ZnS layer and to the settlement of HA particles deep into the 1st layer. The effect of substrate preparation on the adhesion strength of coatings was investigated. The ZnS+PEEK layer exhibited high adhesion to the chemically treated zirconium alloy. Furthermore, the first layer was characterized by a high scratch resistance. The selective distribution of Cu on the top of the coating was obtained by shadow-masked pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The multilayered coatings exhibited high roughness and mild hydrophobicity. This study showed the possibility of obtaining a multilayered coating system with a controlled distribution of bioactive components (HA) and antimicrobial components (Cu) on its surface using a hybrid method that combined EPD, heat treatment, and PLD.
Materials, Aug 18, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY