Ahmad Maifada Yakasai - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ahmad Maifada Yakasai

OALib, 2018

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is chronic, inherited haemoglobin disorder, associated wi... more Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is chronic, inherited haemoglobin disorder, associated with chronic tissue ischemia which may adversely affect any organ system. Chronic anaemia in SCD results in cardiac chamber dilatation with compensatory increase in left ventricular mass and varying degree of diastolic dysfunction that has been a strong independent predictor of mortality in patients with SCD. There is paucity of echocardiographic studies on adults Nigerians with SCD. This study therefore, aimed to assess left ventricular systolic and diastolic function among sickle cell disease patients in Kano State, NorthWestern Nigeria. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and comparative conducted at the SCD clinic and Medical/outpatient (MOP) clinic of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH), on eligible patients aged 13 years and above. One hundred patients with SCD (HbSS) were recruited as the study group while 100 non SCD (HbAA) patients, matched for age and sex served as controls. Left and right atrial and ventricular dimensions, left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, LV mass index and LV contractility variables were obtained. Parameters of LV diastolic function were also evaluated. Results: There were increases in the left atrial and left ventricular dimensions, left ventricular volumes and left ventricular mass (LVM) of the SCD patients. LV ejection fraction was equivalent, though there was evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in up to 36%. Conclusion: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction may complicate cases adults with SCD.

Journal of neuroinfectious diseases, 2014

Background: Cognitive function of HIV-infected patients in Nigeria has been studied using the com... more Background: Cognitive function of HIV-infected patients in Nigeria has been studied using the community screening instrument for dementia (CSI-D) battery. However, its ability to detect HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is unclear. The study assessed the CSI-D battery in detecting HAND. Methods: Age, sex and education matched 30 HIV-positive and 30 HIV-negative subjects were administered the CSI-D battery. An extensive multi-domain neuropsychological tests (MDNPT) battery was used as gold standard. Measures of functional status including personal assessment of own functioning inventory (PAOFI), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) were also administered. Diagnostic accuracy indices of the CSI-D were determined from a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Linear associations were explored using correlation coefficient. Results: HIV-positive subjects performed significantly worse than HIV-negative subjects in several d...

Pyramid Journal of Medicine, 2018

Studies have shown that malaria contribute significantly to mortality among infants and children ... more Studies have shown that malaria contribute significantly to mortality among infants and children with Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA). The nomadic lifestyle of the Fulanis make access to health care difficult and exposure to malaria high. We conducted a cross sectional study among consenting members of a semi-nomadic Fulani population in Nigeria to determine the impact of malaria on the outcome of SCA. On-the-spot malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and hemoglobin electrophoresis were done. A total of 229 subjects participated, 100 (43.7%) females. Median age was 35 years (yrs) with range of 15-80 yrs. Hemoglobin AS phenotype was found among 53 (23.1%) subjects; none had hemoglobin SS. A positive malaria RDT was found among 24 (10.5%) individuals. The FGD revealed that majority of the respondents considered malaria as an important cause of ill-health but were not aware of SCA as an important disease. The high prevalences of malaria, hemoglobin AS phenotype, and absent of hemoglobin SS in t...

Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine, 2016

Background: Nigeria has a large population of Fulani pastoralists. Zoonotic infections like bovin... more Background: Nigeria has a large population of Fulani pastoralists. Zoonotic infections like bovine tuberculosis (TB) are common among nomadic Fulani and their livestock. Close interaction between the nomads and their animals provide a critical human–animal interface with potential for transmission of zoonoses. We conducted a survey to determine the prevalence of primary TB infection among nomads and their cattle in Kano, north-western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: We performed tuberculin skin test (TST) to all inhabitants of the nomadic setting and a randomly selected population of their cattle. We obtained sociodemographic information and symptoms of pulmonary TB in both respondents and their cattle. We explore knowledge of respondents regarding risk of disease transmission between them and their livestock. We compare rates of TST among the respondents and the cattle. Participants with features of active TB were referred for further evaluation and treatment. Results: Out of 244 individuals evaluated, 103 (42.2%) were females with a median age (range) of 35 years (1–80 years). Among 167 participants who consented for and returned for TST reading, 45 (26.9%) were positive; 33 (73.3%) of which were between 20 and 50 years of age. A total of 29 (11.9%) respondents reported having cough for at least 3 weeks at the time of the study. Of the 244 participants interviewed, 51 (20.9%) reported having animals with chronic cough. A total of 26 (12.7%) of the 204 cattle tested had positive TST. Majority of the respondent (71%) were aware of potential risk of transmission of infectious diseases between them and their herds. Conclusion: High TST positivity among the nomads of economically viable age and their herds suggests that TB is prevalent in their communities with potential for animal–human transmission. TB and other infectious diseases control programs should capture nomads in their planning and implementation.

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2017

HIV and HCV are neurotrophic viruses with great potential to cause neurocognitive impairments (NC... more HIV and HCV are neurotrophic viruses with great potential to cause neurocognitive impairments (NCI). Yet, results of neuro studies among Coinfected individuals are still inconclusive. This study pooled estimates to define the neurocognitive profile and neuroepidemiology of Coinfection in relation to monoinfection. Data from the qualified studies was grouped in to seven neurologic domains to yield weighted average effect sizes (WAES) which were pooled together in metaanalyses. Further assessments were meta-regression analysis, sensitivity analysis and computation of heterogeneity diagnostic indices. From eleven studies the pooled estimates showed that only the Coinfected group had a medium effect size (ES) in speed of information processing (SIP). Other neurologic domains exhibiting a medium ES across all the study groups were executive function (EF) and attention/working memory. These neurocognitive deficits epidemiologically translates in to NCI prevalence of 47% among Coinfected group who were also twice more likely to be neurocognitively impaired compared to HIV monoinfection group. Despite substantial heterogeneity, Kernel density plot of WAES approximates to normal distribution making publication bias unlikely. Coinfection is associated with deficit in SIP, EF and attention/working memory with substantial risk of global NCI underscoring the need for medical and psychosocial interventions to improve the lives of affected individuals.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2014

International Journal of Cardiology, 2012

International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 2016

Nigeria has been reported to be off track in achieving the 4 th Millennium Development Goal (Redu... more Nigeria has been reported to be off track in achieving the 4 th Millennium Development Goal (Reducing Child Mortality) due to poor health indicators such as Under five Mortality (U5MR) and Infant Mortality (IMR) which stand at 94 and 61 per 1000 live births respectively . The burden of these childhood vaccine preventable diseases vary across the zone of the country with North West and North East worst affected due to multiple problems including low immunization coverage. Kano State has consistently reported low immunization coverage with about 70% of polio cases in the country in as at the third quarter of 2014. The challenges for the immunization coverage especially among rural semi-nomadic communities have not been studied; this may pose serious programmatic and services challenges. Thus the motivation behind conducting the study to establish specific challenges related to mobile Fulani communities, the findings which is expected to inform stake holders for policy and programmin...

International journal of statistics and applications, 2017

Meta-analysis (MA) is increasingly being utilized to combine results of several studies to derive... more Meta-analysis (MA) is increasingly being utilized to combine results of several studies to derive refined estimates. However, great difficulty is commonly encountered when non-common outcomes (NCO) are involved. This study is concerned with the MA of mortality risk attributed to depression in HIV patients to identify the challenges and solutions regarding statistical methods in MA of NCO. DerSimonian-Laird (DL) and Inverse variance (IV) techniques were used in the MA to pool estimates of mortality risk through Random Effect Models (REM) and Fixed Effect Models (FEM) depending on presence or absence of heterogeneity respectively. Series of sensitivity analyses, multi-level subgroup analyses and I-squared (I 2) statistics tests were done to identify sources of bias, methodological and statistical heterogeneity respectively. From 17 studies that met the inclusion criteria, the mortality Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) among depressed HIV patients was 1.80 and (1.23-2.61) respectively, with significant statistical heterogeneity (I 2 = 92.8%). Multiple population characteristics were found in subgroup analyses as sources of methodological heterogeneity (Table 3). Publication bias was present, as detected by both Egger's and Begg's tests, some studies were excluded in succession as sensitivity analysis was carried out sequentially. The final estimate was 1.56 (HR) and CI (1.33-1.83) without statistical heterogeneity (I 2 = 0.0%). As the studies were being excluded there was a 64% reduction in the width of the CI. From the results of this paper, MA of NCO is associated with publication bias, significant statistical and methodological heterogeneity.

Nigerian Journal of Cardiology, 2019

Background: Cardiovascular abnormalities are important causes of morbidity and mortality in sickl... more Background: Cardiovascular abnormalities are important causes of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Data on electrocardiography (ECG) changes in SCD are lacking in Kano, Northwest Nigeria. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the pattern of ECG changes in steady state adult sickle cell patients. Methodology: A case–control cross-sectional study was conducted among SCD patients attending the sickle cell clinic in Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano. One hundred SCD patients were consecutively recruited and compared with 100 age- and sex-matched controls. All consenting participants had hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis and were subjected to electrocardiography. Results: The mean age of the cases is 20.98 ± 5.74 years, whereas that of the controls was 22.31 ± 3.27 years, P = 0.047. Among the cases, 57% were male, whereas in the control group, 55% were male (P = 0.443). The mean body mass index (BMI) for the cases was 18.14 ± 3.57 kg/m2, whereas that of the control was 22.74 ± 2.18 kg/m2, P < 0.001. The mean Hb concentration of the cases and the controls was 7.22 ± 0.94 g/dl and 12.00 ± 9.51 g/dl, respectively, P < 0.001. Nonspecific ST-T wave changes were the most common ECG abnormality detected in 76% of cases and 42% of controls, P < 0.0001. Other ECG abnormalities found among the SCD patients were right ventricular hypertrophy (64%), right atrial enlargement (24%), left atrial enlargement (4%), biatrial enlargement (8%), atrial ectopics (6%), premature ventricular contractions (1%), and prolonged PR interval (4%). An association was observed between low BMI and abnormal ECG findings among the cases (P = 0.006). Conclusion: ECG abnormalities are common in SCD patients and early identification would lead to early intervention to prevent cardiac events.

Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), Jul 18, 2022

International journal of probability and statistics, 2017

Meta-analysis of common events is readily available when a literature search is carried out for u... more Meta-analysis of common events is readily available when a literature search is carried out for use in a meta-analysis. Usually, the fixed and random effect models work well with the common events. Non-common events are associated with effect estimates that are undefined or unstable when data is needed to carry out a meta-analysis. The application of the single mean imputation technique provided a complete data set in the meta-analysis of four studies that encountered loss of data. Data was sourced via Google scholar, jstor website, MEDLINE, Infectious Diseases Journal, Veterinary Medicine Journal, Public Health Journal and Cochrane database. Twelve studies out of sixteen had complete data and were meta-analyzed, resulting in a summary effect of 4.77 and a 95% confidence interval of (3.34, 6.81), I-squared = 26.7% with p-value = 0.182. After tackling missing values of the four studies using the MATLAB software for imputation of missing values, another meta-analysis was carried out with the 16 studies, the resulting summary effect was 5.4 and 95% confidence interval of (3.36, 8.67), I-squared=66.9%, p-value<0.001. Sequential sensitivity analyses and publication bias tests led to the exclusion of 2 studies. The final meta-analysis consisted of 14 studies and resulted in a summary effect of 5.69, 95% confidence interval of (3.51, 9.23) in favour of mortality, I-squared=69.9%, p-value<0.001. The result of the meta-analysis involving 14 studies was accepted over that of 12 studies going by the P-value significance (Table 3). Protective measures should be used by the individuals who are exposed to rabies by slaughtering or consumption of infected species because rabies is extremely fatal.

Nigerian Journal of Cardiology, 2015

ABSTRACT Introduction: Kano has been described to have the highest burden of hypertension and dys... more ABSTRACT Introduction: Kano has been described to have the highest burden of hypertension and dyslipidemia in Nigeria. It is not known whether the epidemiologic transition in Kano cuts across all socio‑demographic strata. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among a semi‑nomadic Fulani population in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was cross‑sectional and carried out in Tofa village, Rano Local Government of Kano State, Nigeria. All semi‑nomadic Fulani adults in Tofa and the surrounding hamlets were invited to participate in the study. Results: A total of 214 consecutive subjects were studied; 57.0% were males and 43.0% were females. The main occupations of the subjects were cattle rearing, subsistence farming and petty trading. The most prevalent CVD risk factor was hypertension found in 28.5% of the subjects. Only 39.3% of the hypertensives were aware of it, and only 25% of the known‑hypertensives were taking anti‑hypertensive treatment. Age was the only independent predictor of hypertension after controlling for confounding factors, and for every increase in age by 1 year, the risk of developing hypertension was increased by 6.6% (confidence interval, CI = 3.3–9.0; P < 0.001). Body mass index, plasma glucose, and hematocrit were higher among hypertensives than non‑hypertensives (P < 0.05). Other CVD risk factors were uncommon. Conclusion: In the study, hypertension was common; its levels of awareness and treatment were low and mainly determined by increased age. “Western” lifestyle seems to be related to its development as age increased.

International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, Mar 26, 2020

Background: Snakebite is a major public health problem among impoverished rural populations causi... more Background: Snakebite is a major public health problem among impoverished rural populations causing considerable morbidity and mortality in West Africa. Despite the huge burden of snakebite in this region, psycho-social impairment following snakebite has not been evaluated. In this study, we assessed for features of posttraumatic stress disorder and psycho-social impairment among rural snakebite victims in Northeastern Nigeria.

International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal

HIV has been associated with neurocognitive impairment which may be due to the direct effect of t... more HIV has been associated with neurocognitive impairment which may be due to the direct effect of the virus, indirect effect or due to medications side effects or due to a combination of factors. HIV and depression have been shown separately to have neurocognitive deficits. Aim: Determine the prevalence of NCI and factors associated with it among depressed and non-depressed patients with HIV on combined antiretroviral treatment (cART). Methodology. A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among People living with HIV (PLHIV) at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano State, northern Nigeria. Participants were grouped into HIV with depression and HIV without depression groups based on current diagnosis using the depression module of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)-7th edition. A multi-domain neuropsychological battery (MDNPT) of 5 tests (assessed 5 cognitive domains) was used to diagnose Neurocognitive impairment. Results: Fifty-seven percent ...

African Journal of Urology, 2017

Introduction: The Global significance of schistosomiasis started waning over the years owing to i... more Introduction: The Global significance of schistosomiasis started waning over the years owing to its eradication in most developed societies, until the reawaking of global attention and it now occupies a prominent place amongst the neglected tropical diseases (NTD). The aim of our study was to accurately estimate the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Nigeria, and its six geo-political zones. Subjects and methods: We utilized electronic databases to search and select studies on prevalence across the geographical zones between 1994 and 2015. STATA 10 Random effects meta-analysis of observational studies was used to generate our estimates. Result: Sixty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The unified pooled population studied was 47,440 (n = 14,888 persons). The pooled prevalence]) of Schistosoma haematobium infestation was, for all regions = 34.7% (31.0-38.5) (95% confidence interval [CI)).

Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2013

Journal of Neuroinfectious Diseases, 2015

Background: HIV-related symptomatic neurocognitive disorders (SNCD) negatively influence the surv... more Background: HIV-related symptomatic neurocognitive disorders (SNCD) negatively influence the survival of affected patients. We conducted this meta-analysis to provide pooled estimates of mortality risk attributable to SNCD. Methods: MEDLINE, Google scholar, Cochrane library PsycINFO and EMBASE were the data bases thoroughly searched up to April 2014. Two parallel meta-analyses were performed to derive hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk (RR) of mortality from 7 and 6 studies respectively. The level statistical heterogeneity in the included studies was assessed using I-squared (I2) statistic while metaregression and subgroup analyses mainly explored clinical and methodological heterogeneity. Other assessments were analyses for publication bias, small study effect, single study effect and study quality. Results: Thirteen studies with satisfactory quality met the inclusion criteria. A total of 84 421 HIV+ individuals across 21 countries from Europe and America were involved. Subjects with SNCD have more than twice risk of death compared to subjects without SNCD: HR=2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.52-2.58; RR=2.46, 95% CI=1.63-3.69. The estimated HR translates in to 72% probability of subjects with SNCD dying earlier than subjects without SNCD. Risk of mortality is associated with declining CD4 cell count (p=0.038) and neurocognitive impairment in psychomotor and memory domains. In subgroup analyses, there was no significant difference in mortality risk with respect to HAART utilization, type of SNCD and availability of demographically adjusted normative scores. Despite limiting generalizability of findings to sub-Saharan Africa, inclusion of studies conducted in developed countries reduces confounding and increases the accuracy of defining pooled estimates. Conclusion: HIV-related SNCD negatively influence survival in affected patients. Routine care of these patients should include neurocognitive screening preferably with a battery assessing domains that are predictive of mortality such as psychomotor and memory domains.