Alejandra Arciga Navarro - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Alejandra Arciga Navarro

El objetivo principal del presente articulo es profundizar en las caracteristicas socioeconomicas... more El objetivo principal del presente articulo es profundizar en las caracteristicas socioeconomicas y culturales de los usuarios de carreteras con mayor prevalencia en el no uso del cinturon de seguridad. Para ello desarrollamos una metodologia de trabajo capaz de combinar y complementar los datos obtenidos a partir de un cuestionario online administrado en Facebook, y nuevos datos procedentes de las redes sociales, en concreto, los «Me gusta» del perfil de Facebook de los usuarios que cumplimentaron el cuestionario. Los resultados muestran un perfil de riesgo alto que incluye hombres y mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 36 y 47 anos, y hombres y mujeres entre los 18 y 29 anos, principalmente conductores de automoviles y en menor medida de furgonetas, con niveles educativos medios-altos, residentes en pequenas ciudades o poblaciones rurales.

Revista chilena de nutrición, 2020

Este trabajo fue recibido el 27 de julio de 2019. Aceptado con modificaciones: 11 de marzo de 202... more Este trabajo fue recibido el 27 de julio de 2019. Aceptado con modificaciones: 11 de marzo de 2020. Aceptado para ser publicado: 07 de mayo de 2020. RESUMEN Propósito: La inexistencia de datos a nivel nacional y regional sobre el valor nutricional (VN) de la alimentación ofrecida en comedores comunitarios dirigidos por Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG), que atienden población infantil de zonas urbano marginales, junto con el incremento en la prevalencia de exceso de peso reportada por el Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica (MEP) en el 2016, justifican el estudio del VN del almuerzo servido a niños(as), que participan en programas de alimentación complementaria en zonas urbano marginales de San José, Costa Rica. Método: Se analizaron mediante muestreo aleatorio 321 platos de almuerzo, durante 12 días en dos comedores. Se reconstruyeron recetas y se determinaron tamaños de porción mediante pesaje directo y se calculó el VN promedio por plato. Resultados: El valor energético fue cercano a la recomendación nutricional. Sin embargo, valores de proteína, grasa total, grasa insaturada, fibra dietética, calcio y potasio fueron inferiores a las recomendaciones y por el contrario, carbohidratos totales, azúcar agregada, grasa saturada y sodio fueron superiores a la recomendación nacional. Conclusión: No es suficiente ofrecer un aporte adecuado de energía. Los excesos y deficiencias de nutrientes reflejan un patrón alimentario obesogénico que suma vulnerabilidad a la condición de pobreza y pobreza extrema de la población infantil de zonas urbano-marginales.

Politai: Revista de Ciencia Política, 2018

This article aims to approach the use of evidence in the formulation of public policies. To this ... more This article aims to approach the use of evidence in the formulation of public policies. To this end, we analyze the independent evaluations of the Education sector, particularly the Performance Evaluations and Budget Execution (EDEPfor its acronym in Spanish), which we take as a case study. In order to present the context in which this tool is located, first a brief account of the literature is presented about the use of evidence in public policies and the relationship between knowledge and public policies in Peru.. Secondly, the analysis of five EDEPs of the Education sector is presented in the light of the following axes of analysis: i) the profile of the researchers and the methodology used in the research, and ii) the analysis of the fulfillment of the consigned commitments. The article concludes that EDEPs generate an intermediate degree in compliance with their recommendations, which is mediated, among other factors, by the type of public intervention evaluated; and questions the usefulness of the EDEP as an effective mechanism for evaluating and improving the design or component of a program, identifying opportunities to improve the tool, such as the methodological redesign, the simplification in the reporting of results, the empowerment of the matrix and its mechanisms, among others.

Environmental management, Jan 12, 2018

Production and consumption of olive oil is very important in Europe, being this product a basic e... more Production and consumption of olive oil is very important in Europe, being this product a basic element in the Mediterranean diet since long ago. The project objective is two-fold: a study of the contribution of virgin olive oils (VOOs) usual packaging to the whole life cycle of the product and a study of the environmental consequences of the Spanish Government regulation on VOO packaging. A life cycle assessment (LCA) according to ISO 14044 has been performed using the CML methodology for the impact assessment. The results show that the packaging influence varies from 2 to 300%, depending on the impact category and type of packaging (glass, tin or polyethylene terephtalate). Glass, which is related to higher quality perception by consumers, was found to be the most influencing material (due to its weight); however, this impact may be fairly reduced by applying ecodesign strategies (such as weight reduction and recycled-glass percentage increase). A new Spanish regulation on the man...

The Science of the total environment, 2017

Tourism is a key industry in the Spanish economy. Spain was in the World top three ranking by int... more Tourism is a key industry in the Spanish economy. Spain was in the World top three ranking by international tourist arrivals and by income in 2015. The development of the tourism industry is essential to maintain the established economic system. However, if the environmental requirements were not taken into account, the country would face a negative effect on depletion of local environmental resources from which tourism depends. This case study evaluates, through a life cycle perspective, the average carbon footprint of an overnight stay in a Spanish coastland hotel by analyzing 14 two-to-five-stars hotels. Inventory and impact data are analyzed and presented both for resource use and greenhouse gases emissions, with the intention of helping in the environmental decision-making process. The main identified potential hotspots are electricity and fuels consumption (6 to 30kWh/overnight stay and 24 to 127MJ/overnight stay respectively), which are proportional to the number of stars and...

The poplars (Populus spp.) are considered the most sensitive to water deficit condition among the... more The poplars (Populus spp.) are considered the most sensitive to water deficit condition among the ligneous species for biomass production for energetic purposes, and their productivity is associated to water supply. In the Mediterranean environment, the main crop limits are connected to evapotranspiration demand, not balanced by the rainfall supply, and death risk especially after the poplar rooting. The interest for poplar as energy crops may also increase in southern areas if new hybrids with high growth rate and resistance to water stress would be selected. To confirm this hypothesis, three recent selected clones (‘Neva’, ‘Dvina’ e ‘Lena’) and two “traditional” ones, taken as a control (‘Luisa Avanzo’ e ‘Bellini’), were considered in order to identify those with physiological characteristics associated with drought tolerance. Among the five clones compared, ‘Lena’ e ‘Dvina’ showed low growth and rooting. “Bellini” has low stomata sensitivity to soil water (high conductance during...

Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2014

The sustainability of biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) in the Mediterranean environme... more The sustainability of biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) in the Mediterranean environment is linked to the possibility of increasing crop productivity by using conventional clean water and wastewater irrigation. An experimental setup was arranged in Southern Italy during 2012 and 2013 seasons to determine the potential productivity of biomass sorghum irrigated with conventional water at different irrigation regimes (100 and 50% of calculated evapotranspiration) and different types of municipal wastewater. During the sorghum growing season, the crop development (biomass and leaf are index) and the soil water content were monitored for all irrigation treatments. The data obtained showed that the dry biomass of sorghum irrigated with the deficit treatment (17 t ha-1) was lower compared with conventionally irrigated sorghum. For both seasons and under full irrigated conditions, sorghum irrigated with wastewater produced on average more dry biomass (23 t ha-1) than the crop irrigated with conventional water (20.5 t ha-1), using the same irrigation volumes.

Trees, 2014

ABSTRACT The poplars (Populus spp.) are the most sensitive plants to water deficit conditions amo... more ABSTRACT The poplars (Populus spp.) are the most sensitive plants to water deficit conditions among the woody species utilized for biomass production for energetic purposes; their productivity is associated with water availability in the soil. In the Mediterranean environment, crops are mainly limited by evapotranspirative demand that is not balanced by rainfall supply. As new hybrids with high growth rates and resistance to water stress are selected, the use of poplar as an energy crop may increase in Southern regions of Mediterranean Europe. The growth dynamics and physiological characteristics of poplar hybrid genotypes have been monitored for two years at a site with a Mediterranean climate, Apulia region, that could be used for energy crops. Unrooted cuttings of three recently selected genotypes of poplar (‘Neva’, ‘Dvina’ and ‘Lena’) and two “traditional” genotypes (‘Luisa Avanzo’ and ‘Bellini’) were planted in the spring of 2010 at two different densities: (a) low plant density = 1667 cuttings ha-1 (LPD); (b) high plant density = 6667 cuttings ha-1 (HPD). The genotypes ‘Lena’ and ‘Dvina’ showed the lowest survival rates and the poorest growth among the hybrid poplar tested. The genotype ‘Bellini’ had low stomatal sensitivity to soil water content and a moderate productive performance. The genotypes ‘Luisa Avanzo’ and ‘Neva’ had a good degree of rooting and sprouting, high values of leaf relative water content (RWCl) and low values of stomatal conductance (gs) during the summer months. In “Neva”, these characteristics were associated with the best yields (4 t ha-1) in HPD.

Scientia Horticulturae, 2012

Carnation is a valuable crop for the cut flower industry and is gaining importance as potted plan... more Carnation is a valuable crop for the cut flower industry and is gaining importance as potted plant. Carnation is produced through America and Europe, mainly under temperate climate. Its production in the Mediterranean area is constrained by the low quantity and quality of water supplied for irrigation. The present work aims at investigating the effect of different electrical conductivity (EC) values (1, 3, and 6 dS m −1) of irrigation water on growth, quality and mineral concentrations of potted carnation plants inoculated or not with different strains of Glomus intraradices (GiI and GiII), growing in a commercial substrate (peat). The highest mycorrhizal colonization (26%) was reached in plants inoculated with GiII and irrigated with fresh water, whereas with the increase of salinity in the irrigation water, both strains proved less successful in enhancing mycorrhizal colonization. Results show that salt tolerance in carnation is increased when roots are colonized by G. intraradices. Moreover, the ornamental value of the potted carnation (plant growth, number and size of flowers, leaves and flower color) is increased by combining the mycorrhizal inoculation with a moderate salinity (3 dS m −1) in the irrigation water. Better performance was related to a lower Cl − concentration in flower and stem tissues (improving the ornamental quality) and an increased concentration of NO 3 − in leaves (maintaining plant growth) and of Ca 2+ in roots (maintaining cellular homeostasis and plant growth).

Cartografías del Sur. Revista de Ciencias, Artes y Tecnología, 2017

Convertirse en militar —oficial del Ejército— implica asumir una profesión como propia y requiere... more Convertirse en militar —oficial del Ejército— implica asumir una profesión como propia y requiere aprender las reglas básicas de pertenencia a este cuerpo de funcionarios del Estado. Este artículo se propone analizar las argumentaciones construidas por tres cohortes de oficiales del Ejército en relación con los móviles que los llevaron a decidir seguir esta carrera, así como indagar en las rutas construidas junto a sus familias que los llevaron a optar por la profesión militar. Para responder a estos objetivos nos apoyamos en el método biográfico, a partir de la utilización de la entrevista biográfica. Se entrevistaron a 26 oficiales de tres cohortes: egresados antes de 1973; egresados entre 1974 y 1985 y egresados luego de 1986. En el momento del trabajo de campo estos militares estaban destinados en el Colegio Militar de la Nación y en el Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército (IESE).

The Science of the total environment, 2017

Carbon footprint (CF) is nowadays one of the most widely used environmental indicators. The scope... more Carbon footprint (CF) is nowadays one of the most widely used environmental indicators. The scope of the CF assessment could be corporate (when all production processes of a company are evaluated, together with upstream and downstream processes following a life cycle approach) or product (when one of the products is evaluated throughout its life cycle). Our hypothesis was that usually product CF studies (PCF) collect corporate data, because it is easier for companies to obtain them than product data. Six main methodological issues to take into account when collecting corporate data to be used for PCF studies were postulated and discussed in the present paper: fugitive emissions, credits from waste recycling, use of "equivalent factors", reference flow definition, accumulation and allocation of corporate values to minor products. A big project with 18 wineries, being wine one of the most important agri-food products assessed through CF methodologies, was used to study and t...

El objetivo principal del presente articulo es profundizar en las caracteristicas socioeconomicas... more El objetivo principal del presente articulo es profundizar en las caracteristicas socioeconomicas y culturales de los usuarios de carreteras con mayor prevalencia en el no uso del cinturon de seguridad. Para ello desarrollamos una metodologia de trabajo capaz de combinar y complementar los datos obtenidos a partir de un cuestionario online administrado en Facebook, y nuevos datos procedentes de las redes sociales, en concreto, los «Me gusta» del perfil de Facebook de los usuarios que cumplimentaron el cuestionario. Los resultados muestran un perfil de riesgo alto que incluye hombres y mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 36 y 47 anos, y hombres y mujeres entre los 18 y 29 anos, principalmente conductores de automoviles y en menor medida de furgonetas, con niveles educativos medios-altos, residentes en pequenas ciudades o poblaciones rurales.

Revista chilena de nutrición, 2020

Este trabajo fue recibido el 27 de julio de 2019. Aceptado con modificaciones: 11 de marzo de 202... more Este trabajo fue recibido el 27 de julio de 2019. Aceptado con modificaciones: 11 de marzo de 2020. Aceptado para ser publicado: 07 de mayo de 2020. RESUMEN Propósito: La inexistencia de datos a nivel nacional y regional sobre el valor nutricional (VN) de la alimentación ofrecida en comedores comunitarios dirigidos por Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG), que atienden población infantil de zonas urbano marginales, junto con el incremento en la prevalencia de exceso de peso reportada por el Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica (MEP) en el 2016, justifican el estudio del VN del almuerzo servido a niños(as), que participan en programas de alimentación complementaria en zonas urbano marginales de San José, Costa Rica. Método: Se analizaron mediante muestreo aleatorio 321 platos de almuerzo, durante 12 días en dos comedores. Se reconstruyeron recetas y se determinaron tamaños de porción mediante pesaje directo y se calculó el VN promedio por plato. Resultados: El valor energético fue cercano a la recomendación nutricional. Sin embargo, valores de proteína, grasa total, grasa insaturada, fibra dietética, calcio y potasio fueron inferiores a las recomendaciones y por el contrario, carbohidratos totales, azúcar agregada, grasa saturada y sodio fueron superiores a la recomendación nacional. Conclusión: No es suficiente ofrecer un aporte adecuado de energía. Los excesos y deficiencias de nutrientes reflejan un patrón alimentario obesogénico que suma vulnerabilidad a la condición de pobreza y pobreza extrema de la población infantil de zonas urbano-marginales.

Politai: Revista de Ciencia Política, 2018

This article aims to approach the use of evidence in the formulation of public policies. To this ... more This article aims to approach the use of evidence in the formulation of public policies. To this end, we analyze the independent evaluations of the Education sector, particularly the Performance Evaluations and Budget Execution (EDEPfor its acronym in Spanish), which we take as a case study. In order to present the context in which this tool is located, first a brief account of the literature is presented about the use of evidence in public policies and the relationship between knowledge and public policies in Peru.. Secondly, the analysis of five EDEPs of the Education sector is presented in the light of the following axes of analysis: i) the profile of the researchers and the methodology used in the research, and ii) the analysis of the fulfillment of the consigned commitments. The article concludes that EDEPs generate an intermediate degree in compliance with their recommendations, which is mediated, among other factors, by the type of public intervention evaluated; and questions the usefulness of the EDEP as an effective mechanism for evaluating and improving the design or component of a program, identifying opportunities to improve the tool, such as the methodological redesign, the simplification in the reporting of results, the empowerment of the matrix and its mechanisms, among others.

Environmental management, Jan 12, 2018

Production and consumption of olive oil is very important in Europe, being this product a basic e... more Production and consumption of olive oil is very important in Europe, being this product a basic element in the Mediterranean diet since long ago. The project objective is two-fold: a study of the contribution of virgin olive oils (VOOs) usual packaging to the whole life cycle of the product and a study of the environmental consequences of the Spanish Government regulation on VOO packaging. A life cycle assessment (LCA) according to ISO 14044 has been performed using the CML methodology for the impact assessment. The results show that the packaging influence varies from 2 to 300%, depending on the impact category and type of packaging (glass, tin or polyethylene terephtalate). Glass, which is related to higher quality perception by consumers, was found to be the most influencing material (due to its weight); however, this impact may be fairly reduced by applying ecodesign strategies (such as weight reduction and recycled-glass percentage increase). A new Spanish regulation on the man...

The Science of the total environment, 2017

Tourism is a key industry in the Spanish economy. Spain was in the World top three ranking by int... more Tourism is a key industry in the Spanish economy. Spain was in the World top three ranking by international tourist arrivals and by income in 2015. The development of the tourism industry is essential to maintain the established economic system. However, if the environmental requirements were not taken into account, the country would face a negative effect on depletion of local environmental resources from which tourism depends. This case study evaluates, through a life cycle perspective, the average carbon footprint of an overnight stay in a Spanish coastland hotel by analyzing 14 two-to-five-stars hotels. Inventory and impact data are analyzed and presented both for resource use and greenhouse gases emissions, with the intention of helping in the environmental decision-making process. The main identified potential hotspots are electricity and fuels consumption (6 to 30kWh/overnight stay and 24 to 127MJ/overnight stay respectively), which are proportional to the number of stars and...

The poplars (Populus spp.) are considered the most sensitive to water deficit condition among the... more The poplars (Populus spp.) are considered the most sensitive to water deficit condition among the ligneous species for biomass production for energetic purposes, and their productivity is associated to water supply. In the Mediterranean environment, the main crop limits are connected to evapotranspiration demand, not balanced by the rainfall supply, and death risk especially after the poplar rooting. The interest for poplar as energy crops may also increase in southern areas if new hybrids with high growth rate and resistance to water stress would be selected. To confirm this hypothesis, three recent selected clones (‘Neva’, ‘Dvina’ e ‘Lena’) and two “traditional” ones, taken as a control (‘Luisa Avanzo’ e ‘Bellini’), were considered in order to identify those with physiological characteristics associated with drought tolerance. Among the five clones compared, ‘Lena’ e ‘Dvina’ showed low growth and rooting. “Bellini” has low stomata sensitivity to soil water (high conductance during...

Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2014

The sustainability of biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) in the Mediterranean environme... more The sustainability of biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) in the Mediterranean environment is linked to the possibility of increasing crop productivity by using conventional clean water and wastewater irrigation. An experimental setup was arranged in Southern Italy during 2012 and 2013 seasons to determine the potential productivity of biomass sorghum irrigated with conventional water at different irrigation regimes (100 and 50% of calculated evapotranspiration) and different types of municipal wastewater. During the sorghum growing season, the crop development (biomass and leaf are index) and the soil water content were monitored for all irrigation treatments. The data obtained showed that the dry biomass of sorghum irrigated with the deficit treatment (17 t ha-1) was lower compared with conventionally irrigated sorghum. For both seasons and under full irrigated conditions, sorghum irrigated with wastewater produced on average more dry biomass (23 t ha-1) than the crop irrigated with conventional water (20.5 t ha-1), using the same irrigation volumes.

Trees, 2014

ABSTRACT The poplars (Populus spp.) are the most sensitive plants to water deficit conditions amo... more ABSTRACT The poplars (Populus spp.) are the most sensitive plants to water deficit conditions among the woody species utilized for biomass production for energetic purposes; their productivity is associated with water availability in the soil. In the Mediterranean environment, crops are mainly limited by evapotranspirative demand that is not balanced by rainfall supply. As new hybrids with high growth rates and resistance to water stress are selected, the use of poplar as an energy crop may increase in Southern regions of Mediterranean Europe. The growth dynamics and physiological characteristics of poplar hybrid genotypes have been monitored for two years at a site with a Mediterranean climate, Apulia region, that could be used for energy crops. Unrooted cuttings of three recently selected genotypes of poplar (‘Neva’, ‘Dvina’ and ‘Lena’) and two “traditional” genotypes (‘Luisa Avanzo’ and ‘Bellini’) were planted in the spring of 2010 at two different densities: (a) low plant density = 1667 cuttings ha-1 (LPD); (b) high plant density = 6667 cuttings ha-1 (HPD). The genotypes ‘Lena’ and ‘Dvina’ showed the lowest survival rates and the poorest growth among the hybrid poplar tested. The genotype ‘Bellini’ had low stomatal sensitivity to soil water content and a moderate productive performance. The genotypes ‘Luisa Avanzo’ and ‘Neva’ had a good degree of rooting and sprouting, high values of leaf relative water content (RWCl) and low values of stomatal conductance (gs) during the summer months. In “Neva”, these characteristics were associated with the best yields (4 t ha-1) in HPD.

Scientia Horticulturae, 2012

Carnation is a valuable crop for the cut flower industry and is gaining importance as potted plan... more Carnation is a valuable crop for the cut flower industry and is gaining importance as potted plant. Carnation is produced through America and Europe, mainly under temperate climate. Its production in the Mediterranean area is constrained by the low quantity and quality of water supplied for irrigation. The present work aims at investigating the effect of different electrical conductivity (EC) values (1, 3, and 6 dS m −1) of irrigation water on growth, quality and mineral concentrations of potted carnation plants inoculated or not with different strains of Glomus intraradices (GiI and GiII), growing in a commercial substrate (peat). The highest mycorrhizal colonization (26%) was reached in plants inoculated with GiII and irrigated with fresh water, whereas with the increase of salinity in the irrigation water, both strains proved less successful in enhancing mycorrhizal colonization. Results show that salt tolerance in carnation is increased when roots are colonized by G. intraradices. Moreover, the ornamental value of the potted carnation (plant growth, number and size of flowers, leaves and flower color) is increased by combining the mycorrhizal inoculation with a moderate salinity (3 dS m −1) in the irrigation water. Better performance was related to a lower Cl − concentration in flower and stem tissues (improving the ornamental quality) and an increased concentration of NO 3 − in leaves (maintaining plant growth) and of Ca 2+ in roots (maintaining cellular homeostasis and plant growth).

Cartografías del Sur. Revista de Ciencias, Artes y Tecnología, 2017

Convertirse en militar —oficial del Ejército— implica asumir una profesión como propia y requiere... more Convertirse en militar —oficial del Ejército— implica asumir una profesión como propia y requiere aprender las reglas básicas de pertenencia a este cuerpo de funcionarios del Estado. Este artículo se propone analizar las argumentaciones construidas por tres cohortes de oficiales del Ejército en relación con los móviles que los llevaron a decidir seguir esta carrera, así como indagar en las rutas construidas junto a sus familias que los llevaron a optar por la profesión militar. Para responder a estos objetivos nos apoyamos en el método biográfico, a partir de la utilización de la entrevista biográfica. Se entrevistaron a 26 oficiales de tres cohortes: egresados antes de 1973; egresados entre 1974 y 1985 y egresados luego de 1986. En el momento del trabajo de campo estos militares estaban destinados en el Colegio Militar de la Nación y en el Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ejército (IESE).

The Science of the total environment, 2017

Carbon footprint (CF) is nowadays one of the most widely used environmental indicators. The scope... more Carbon footprint (CF) is nowadays one of the most widely used environmental indicators. The scope of the CF assessment could be corporate (when all production processes of a company are evaluated, together with upstream and downstream processes following a life cycle approach) or product (when one of the products is evaluated throughout its life cycle). Our hypothesis was that usually product CF studies (PCF) collect corporate data, because it is easier for companies to obtain them than product data. Six main methodological issues to take into account when collecting corporate data to be used for PCF studies were postulated and discussed in the present paper: fugitive emissions, credits from waste recycling, use of "equivalent factors", reference flow definition, accumulation and allocation of corporate values to minor products. A big project with 18 wineries, being wine one of the most important agri-food products assessed through CF methodologies, was used to study and t...