Amusa Adebayo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Amusa Adebayo
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Nov 30, 2023
Pharmaceutics
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the US, ranking fourth after lung... more Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the US, ranking fourth after lung, prostate, and breast cancers, respectively, in general populations. It continues to be a menace, and the incidence has been projected to more than double by 2035, especially in underdeveloped countries. This review seeks to provide some insights into the disease progression, currently available treatment options and their challenges, and future perspectives. Searches were conducted in the PubMed search engine in the university’s online library. The keywords were “Colorectal Cancer” AND “disease process” OR “disease mechanisms” OR “Current Treatment” OR “Prospects”. Selection criteria were original articles published primarily during the period of 2013 through 2023. s, books and documents, and reviews/systematic reviews were filtered out. Of over 490 thousand articles returned, only about 800 met preliminary selection criteria, 200 were reviewed in detail, but 191 met final selection cr...
Tropical Agriculture, Jan 22, 2018
Direct compression is the preferred method of manufacturing tablets. However, native starch, comm... more Direct compression is the preferred method of manufacturing tablets. However, native starch, commonly used as disintegrant, binder and/or filler, tends to possess poor intrinsic compressibility. This makes it less suitable as a direct compression ingredient. With physical and chemical modifications, key physical properties of native starch may be altered, enabling the extension of its utility. Breadfruit provides a cheap source of high quality native starch. Controlled heating at 65 ?C was applied to an aqueous suspension of native breadfruit starch (NBS) to produce pregelatinized breadfruit starch (PBS). The fundamental and derived properties as well as compactibility of PBS were evaluated with metronidazole, a drug of poor inherent compressibility, as a model drug active ingredient. The crushing strength, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profiles of metronidazole tablets were used to assess the effect of PBS as a direct compression binder at 20% concentration. Significant (p<0.05) differences between the fundamental and derived properties of NBS and PBS were observed. Further, the compression characteristics of NBS, PBS, native corn starch (NCS) and commercial pregelatinized starch (CPS) were compared by assessing the crushing strength of their compacts compressed from 9.8 to 39.2 kN. Compact hardness increased in the order NCS<NBS<PBS<CPS. Assessment of the strength of the compacts made after varying compression and lubricant mixing times revealed that NBS and PBS showed plastic deformation, while NCS and CPS exhibited more elastic deformation. Metronidazole tablets containing PBS binder had a mean crushing strength and friability of 75.8 N and 1.62%, respectively, while those containing CPS binder had a mean crushing strength and friability of 55.2 N and 3.71%, respectively. Disintegration times were 108 and 58 seconds with PBS and CPS as binders, respectively. Peak dissolution (96%) occurred within 30 minutes with CPS binder while peak dissolution (91%) occurred within 10 minutes with PBS binder. Both binders met Pharmacopoeia requirements for immediate release tablets, suggesting that PBS may be substituted for CPS.
Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 1998
... ACKOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to Dr. MK Fasasi and AA Oladipo of Center for Energy ... more ... ACKOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to Dr. MK Fasasi and AA Oladipo of Center for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University (OA U) Nigeria for assisting in XRF analysis of the samples ... Kunle and A .B. Bangudu, Pharni, World J., 7, 26 (1990). ...
Journal of pharmaceutical technology & drug research, 2012
Background: Recent findings suggest bacteria's ability to adapt to various classes of antibiotics... more Background: Recent findings suggest bacteria's ability to adapt to various classes of antibiotics through three distinct resistance mechanisms: lipopolysaccharide modification, increased drug efflux, and reduced porin pathway. These mechanisms involve the adaptive response by bacteria to specific signal due to antibacterial presence in its environment, leading to up-and down regulation of the efflux system (MexXY/OprM), and the porin pathway (OprD) respectively. Molecular encapsulation in niosomes could block signal generation and prevent bacteria from recognizing the presence of encapsulated drug molecules, enhance fusogenic properties and enable drug assimilation. Methods: Niosomes of select fluoroquinolones (i.e. ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and norfloxacin) were prepared using thin film rehydration method and the parameters controlling niosomal drug loading were investigated including the speed of evaporation, temperature of rehydration, time of rehydration and volume of rehydration, using percent (%) drug loading as output variable. In vitro activity of noisome encapsulated fluoroquinolones against twenty ciprofloxacinresistant bacteria strains (each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) was determined by broth microdilution technique. Paired sample t-test was performed for independent sample comparison while multi-group analysis was done with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance determined at 95 % confidence level using MINITAB 16 statistical package. Results: Entrapment efficiencies for the fluoroquinolones were 71.11±1.39% (ciprofloxacin), 19.11±1.86% (gatifloxacin), 34.23±1.86% (levofloxacin) and 70.09±1.64% (norfloxacin) respectively. The formulations displayed temperature-dependent stability with the highest stability occurring at 5ºC and the lowest at 37ºC respectively. Drug diffusion across dialyzing membrane was slower from the vesicles and followed a more sustained profile compared with the non-encapsulated drug particles. Analysis of drug liberation kinetics suggests first-order (concentration-dependent) release from the vesicles. Conclusions: The niosomes of fluoroquinolones produced at least twofold reduction in MIC's against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and at least four-fold reduction in MIC's against Staphylococcus aureus. Results therefore suggest the potential for enhancement of fluoroquinolones delivery to their target sites in the bacteria cytoplasm through formulation in niosomes.
Pharmaceutics, Apr 22, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
ChemInform, Oct 7, 2003
For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016
All authors contributed significantly to the study. Author JS developed the planning protocols an... more All authors contributed significantly to the study. Author JS developed the planning protocols and executed the studies under the mentorship of authors PPL, ASA and PG. Author JJ was the veterinarian who monitored the animals and performed the histological examination of tissues and managed animal post mortems. Author ASA handled the technical and editorial aspects of the study. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences, Oct 27, 2020
In this paper, we unify the theory of SSD spaces and the theory of strongly representable sets, a... more In this paper, we unify the theory of SSD spaces and the theory of strongly representable sets, and we apply our results to the theory of the various classes of maximally monotone sets. In particular, we prove that type (ED), dense type, type (D), type (NI) and strongly representable are equivalent concepts and, consequently, that the known properties of strongly representable sets follow from known properties of sets of type (ED).
Pharmaceutics
Pancreatic cancer is fast becoming a global menace and it is projected to be the second leading c... more Pancreatic cancer is fast becoming a global menace and it is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which develop in the pancreas’ exocrine region, are the predominant type of pancreatic cancer, representing about 95% of total pancreatic tumors. The malignancy progresses asymptomatically, making early diagnosis difficult. It is characterized by excessive production of fibrotic stroma known as desmoplasia, which aids tumor growth and metastatic spread by remodeling the extracellular matrix and releasing tumor growth factors. For decades, immense efforts have been harnessed toward developing more effective drug delivery systems for pancreatic cancer treatment leveraging nanotechnology, immunotherapy, drug conjugates, and combinations of these approaches. However, despite the reported preclinical success of these approaches, no substantial progress has been made clinically and the prognosis for pancreatic cancer is worsenin...
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
The aim of this study was to simulate pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters using data from a clin... more The aim of this study was to simulate pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters using data from a clinical trial in healthy adults who were administered a pediatric fixed-dose combination of lamivudine (3TC)/zidovudine (AZT)/ nevirapine (NVP) (30/60/50 mg) granules for reconstitution and fast disintegrating tablets. Using the area under the curve (AUC) from noncompartmental analysis, the relative bioavailability of the test suspension and test tablet to the reference suspension was 93.7% and 104.5% for lamivudine, 82.9% and 97.9% for nevirapine, and 94.2% and 93.6% for zidovudine, respectively. The 90% CI for C max , AUC 0-t , and AUC t-∞ were 85.69%-102.54%, 96.13%-117.79%, and 82.63%-106.72%, respectively, for lamivudine; 83.33%-109.15%, 99.94%-124.54%, and 98.22%-122.43%, respectively, for zidovudine; and 87.71%-109.20%, 89.31%-106.26%, and 85.95%-102.82%, respectively, for nevirapine. Pharmacokinetic parameters were generated using the pharmacokinetics (PK) PK TM module in GastroPlus ® modeling and simulation software. Pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters were simulated using adult clinical data and pediatric physiologic variables as inputs to the PK TM module. The resulting virtual pediatric subjects' PK data were regressed against pediatric body weight (BW), body surface area (BSA), and postgestational age (PGA), respectively. Clearance and volume of distribution were linearly correlated with BW (R 2 = 1.000) but obeyed the polynomial equation of the third order with the PGA of the subjects (R 2 ubjects. Simulation of pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters using adult PK data and pediatric physiologic parameters as input produced pediatric PK total clearance and volume of distribution, which were linearly correlated with BW but polynomially correlated with the PGA of children. By making appropriate allowances for a specific enzyme's maturation rate and presence, allometric scaling of pediatric doses of antiretroviral drugs lamivudine, nevirapine, and zidovudine could be more reliably determined using a linear expression based on BW and BSA and polynomial expression based on child's PGA of up 12 years.
Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 1998
... ACKOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to Dr. MK Fasasi and AA Oladipo of Center for Energy ... more ... ACKOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to Dr. MK Fasasi and AA Oladipo of Center for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University (OA U) Nigeria for assisting in XRF analysis of the samples ... Kunle and A .B. Bangudu, Pharni, World J., 7, 26 (1990). ...
Starch - Stärke, 2006
... Y. Morrison, HN Asemota: In vitro digestibility of raw starches extracted from five yam (Dios... more ... Y. Morrison, HN Asemota: In vitro digestibility of raw starches extracted from five yam (Dioscorea spp.) species grown in Jamaica. ... 1995, 47, 265275. [22] A. Martin, J. Swarbrick, C A. Ammarata: Micromeritics, in Physical Pharmacy, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1983, 492. ...
Starch - Stärke, 2010
Skip to Main Content. Wiley Online Library will be disrupted 5 Nov from 10-12 GMT for monthly mai... more Skip to Main Content. Wiley Online Library will be disrupted 5 Nov from 10-12 GMT for monthly maintenance. ...
Powder Technology, 2008
A comparative investigation of the surface properties of starch powders from three species of yam... more A comparative investigation of the surface properties of starch powders from three species of yam (Dioscorea spp.) was conducted, using corn starch BP as reference standard, with a view to assessing their usefulness as ingredients of tablets/capsule formulations. Significant differences were observed in the physicomechanical properties of the starches obtained from the various yam species. Granular diameter ranged from 5.4 μm (Chinese yam) to 34.5 μm (Round leaf yellow yam). Corn starch BP has a mean granular diameter of 12.3 μm. Chinese yam starch had the highest specific surface area (625.91 m 2 /kg) while Round leaf yellow yam had the lowest (117. 4 m 2 /kg); corn starch BP has a specific surface area of 232 m 2 /kg. The surface tension of the starch mucilage also varied significantly with Bitter yam having the lowest (44.56 mN/m) and Round leaf yellow yam the highest (54.00 mN/m); corn starch had a surface tension of 62 mN/m. X-ray powder diffraction revealed three distinct crystalline patterns: Bitter yam and corn starch displayed the type A while Round leaf yellow yam and Chinese yam displayed the types B and C patterns respectively. In moisture adsorption, all the starches studied displayed monolayer adsorption profiles with rate order of moisture adsorption ranging from 0.92 mg%/h for Chinese yam to 1.07 mg%/h for Round leaf yellow yam starch. Since co-formulated materials will react or interact at the interface, the variations observed in the surface properties suggest a potential for significant botanical specie-dependent differences in performance of starch powder in formulated dosage forms.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2008
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1999
The need to develop chloroquine suppository formulations that yield optimal bioavailability of th... more The need to develop chloroquine suppository formulations that yield optimal bioavailability of the drug has been emphasized. This study demonstrates the effects of incorporation of known absorption-enhancing agents (nonionic surfactants and sodium salicylate) on the in vitro release characteristics of chloroquine from polyethylene glycol (1000:4000, 75:25%, w/w) suppositories. The release rates were determined using a modification of the continuous flow bead-bed dissolution apparatus for suppositories. Results showed that the extent of drug release from suppositories containing any of three surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80 and Brij 35) was 100%, whereas 88% release was obtained with control formulation (without enhancer) (P&amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). However, Tween 20 was more effective than Brij 35 and Tween 80 in improving the drug release rate. There was a concentration-dependent effect with Tween 20, and 4% (w/w) of this surfactant was associated with the highest increase in the rate of drug release from the suppositories. Sodium salicylate at a concentration of 25% (w/w) also significantly enhanced the drug release rate, but a higher concentration of the adjuvant markedly reduced both the rate and extent of drug release. Combined incorporation of Tween 20 and sodium salicylate did not significantly modify (P0.05) the rate of drug release when compared to the effect of the more effective single agent. Due to their effects in improving the drug release profiles coupled with their intrinsic absorption-promoting properties, it is suggested that incorporation of 4% (w/w) Tween 20 and/or 25% (w/w) sodium salicylate in the composite polyethylene glycol chloroquine suppository formulations, may result in enhancement of rectal absorption of the drug. This necessitates an in vivo validation.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Oil extracted from the ripe ackee (Blighia sapida L) aril was characterized by the classical titr... more Oil extracted from the ripe ackee (Blighia sapida L) aril was characterized by the classical titrimetric and gravimetric analyses following the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) procedures. Dynamic and kinematic viscosities as well as the true density of the lipid were determined. The sample was subjected to instrumental polarimetric and gas chromatographic analyses. In each test, arachis oil (BP) and/or oleic acid was used as reference. The extraction and purification method produced 37.0 ± ± ± ± 4.9%, on dry weight basis, of bright-yellow oil with characteristic roasted ackee scent. Acid, ester, hydroxyl and saponification values were 1.83 (± ± ± ±0.01), 64.52 (± ± ± ±0.18), 28.01 (± ± ± ±0.04) and 743 (± ± ± ±0.19) respectively. Its specific gravity was 0.905 (± ± ± ±0.008) while the optical rotation was 1.453. The gas chromatography showed several well-defined peaks with two peaks at elution times of 15.41min (n-hexane) and 17.44 min (oleics acid). The sample has comparable specific gravity, viscosities and true density values as arachis oil BP. On the other hand, it contains higher levels of saponifiable matters, free acid and hydrolysable matters than arachis oil. The characteristic properties of ackee oil suggest potential for its application as pharmaceutical base and may satisfy some of the deficiencies of arachis and, possibly, some other vegetable oils.
Tropical Agriculture, 2018
Direct compression is the preferred method of manufacturing tablets. However, native starch, comm... more Direct compression is the preferred method of manufacturing tablets. However, native starch, commonly used as disintegrant, binder and/or filler, tends to possess poor intrinsic compressibility. This makes it less suitable as a direct compression ingredient. With physical and chemical modifications, key physical properties of native starch may be altered, enabling the extension of its utility. Breadfruit provides a cheap source of high quality native starch. Controlled heating at 65 ?C was applied to an aqueous suspension of native breadfruit starch (NBS) to produce pregelatinized breadfruit starch (PBS). The fundamental and derived properties as well as compactibility of PBS were evaluated with metronidazole, a drug of poor inherent compressibility, as a model drug active ingredient. The crushing strength, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profiles of metronidazole tablets were used to assess the effect of PBS as a direct compression binder at 20% concentration. Signi...
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Nov 30, 2023
Pharmaceutics
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the US, ranking fourth after lung... more Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the US, ranking fourth after lung, prostate, and breast cancers, respectively, in general populations. It continues to be a menace, and the incidence has been projected to more than double by 2035, especially in underdeveloped countries. This review seeks to provide some insights into the disease progression, currently available treatment options and their challenges, and future perspectives. Searches were conducted in the PubMed search engine in the university’s online library. The keywords were “Colorectal Cancer” AND “disease process” OR “disease mechanisms” OR “Current Treatment” OR “Prospects”. Selection criteria were original articles published primarily during the period of 2013 through 2023. s, books and documents, and reviews/systematic reviews were filtered out. Of over 490 thousand articles returned, only about 800 met preliminary selection criteria, 200 were reviewed in detail, but 191 met final selection cr...
Tropical Agriculture, Jan 22, 2018
Direct compression is the preferred method of manufacturing tablets. However, native starch, comm... more Direct compression is the preferred method of manufacturing tablets. However, native starch, commonly used as disintegrant, binder and/or filler, tends to possess poor intrinsic compressibility. This makes it less suitable as a direct compression ingredient. With physical and chemical modifications, key physical properties of native starch may be altered, enabling the extension of its utility. Breadfruit provides a cheap source of high quality native starch. Controlled heating at 65 ?C was applied to an aqueous suspension of native breadfruit starch (NBS) to produce pregelatinized breadfruit starch (PBS). The fundamental and derived properties as well as compactibility of PBS were evaluated with metronidazole, a drug of poor inherent compressibility, as a model drug active ingredient. The crushing strength, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profiles of metronidazole tablets were used to assess the effect of PBS as a direct compression binder at 20% concentration. Significant (p<0.05) differences between the fundamental and derived properties of NBS and PBS were observed. Further, the compression characteristics of NBS, PBS, native corn starch (NCS) and commercial pregelatinized starch (CPS) were compared by assessing the crushing strength of their compacts compressed from 9.8 to 39.2 kN. Compact hardness increased in the order NCS<NBS<PBS<CPS. Assessment of the strength of the compacts made after varying compression and lubricant mixing times revealed that NBS and PBS showed plastic deformation, while NCS and CPS exhibited more elastic deformation. Metronidazole tablets containing PBS binder had a mean crushing strength and friability of 75.8 N and 1.62%, respectively, while those containing CPS binder had a mean crushing strength and friability of 55.2 N and 3.71%, respectively. Disintegration times were 108 and 58 seconds with PBS and CPS as binders, respectively. Peak dissolution (96%) occurred within 30 minutes with CPS binder while peak dissolution (91%) occurred within 10 minutes with PBS binder. Both binders met Pharmacopoeia requirements for immediate release tablets, suggesting that PBS may be substituted for CPS.
Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 1998
... ACKOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to Dr. MK Fasasi and AA Oladipo of Center for Energy ... more ... ACKOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to Dr. MK Fasasi and AA Oladipo of Center for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University (OA U) Nigeria for assisting in XRF analysis of the samples ... Kunle and A .B. Bangudu, Pharni, World J., 7, 26 (1990). ...
Journal of pharmaceutical technology & drug research, 2012
Background: Recent findings suggest bacteria's ability to adapt to various classes of antibiotics... more Background: Recent findings suggest bacteria's ability to adapt to various classes of antibiotics through three distinct resistance mechanisms: lipopolysaccharide modification, increased drug efflux, and reduced porin pathway. These mechanisms involve the adaptive response by bacteria to specific signal due to antibacterial presence in its environment, leading to up-and down regulation of the efflux system (MexXY/OprM), and the porin pathway (OprD) respectively. Molecular encapsulation in niosomes could block signal generation and prevent bacteria from recognizing the presence of encapsulated drug molecules, enhance fusogenic properties and enable drug assimilation. Methods: Niosomes of select fluoroquinolones (i.e. ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and norfloxacin) were prepared using thin film rehydration method and the parameters controlling niosomal drug loading were investigated including the speed of evaporation, temperature of rehydration, time of rehydration and volume of rehydration, using percent (%) drug loading as output variable. In vitro activity of noisome encapsulated fluoroquinolones against twenty ciprofloxacinresistant bacteria strains (each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) was determined by broth microdilution technique. Paired sample t-test was performed for independent sample comparison while multi-group analysis was done with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance determined at 95 % confidence level using MINITAB 16 statistical package. Results: Entrapment efficiencies for the fluoroquinolones were 71.11±1.39% (ciprofloxacin), 19.11±1.86% (gatifloxacin), 34.23±1.86% (levofloxacin) and 70.09±1.64% (norfloxacin) respectively. The formulations displayed temperature-dependent stability with the highest stability occurring at 5ºC and the lowest at 37ºC respectively. Drug diffusion across dialyzing membrane was slower from the vesicles and followed a more sustained profile compared with the non-encapsulated drug particles. Analysis of drug liberation kinetics suggests first-order (concentration-dependent) release from the vesicles. Conclusions: The niosomes of fluoroquinolones produced at least twofold reduction in MIC's against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and at least four-fold reduction in MIC's against Staphylococcus aureus. Results therefore suggest the potential for enhancement of fluoroquinolones delivery to their target sites in the bacteria cytoplasm through formulation in niosomes.
Pharmaceutics, Apr 22, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
ChemInform, Oct 7, 2003
For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016
All authors contributed significantly to the study. Author JS developed the planning protocols an... more All authors contributed significantly to the study. Author JS developed the planning protocols and executed the studies under the mentorship of authors PPL, ASA and PG. Author JJ was the veterinarian who monitored the animals and performed the histological examination of tissues and managed animal post mortems. Author ASA handled the technical and editorial aspects of the study. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences, Oct 27, 2020
In this paper, we unify the theory of SSD spaces and the theory of strongly representable sets, a... more In this paper, we unify the theory of SSD spaces and the theory of strongly representable sets, and we apply our results to the theory of the various classes of maximally monotone sets. In particular, we prove that type (ED), dense type, type (D), type (NI) and strongly representable are equivalent concepts and, consequently, that the known properties of strongly representable sets follow from known properties of sets of type (ED).
Pharmaceutics
Pancreatic cancer is fast becoming a global menace and it is projected to be the second leading c... more Pancreatic cancer is fast becoming a global menace and it is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which develop in the pancreas’ exocrine region, are the predominant type of pancreatic cancer, representing about 95% of total pancreatic tumors. The malignancy progresses asymptomatically, making early diagnosis difficult. It is characterized by excessive production of fibrotic stroma known as desmoplasia, which aids tumor growth and metastatic spread by remodeling the extracellular matrix and releasing tumor growth factors. For decades, immense efforts have been harnessed toward developing more effective drug delivery systems for pancreatic cancer treatment leveraging nanotechnology, immunotherapy, drug conjugates, and combinations of these approaches. However, despite the reported preclinical success of these approaches, no substantial progress has been made clinically and the prognosis for pancreatic cancer is worsenin...
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
The aim of this study was to simulate pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters using data from a clin... more The aim of this study was to simulate pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters using data from a clinical trial in healthy adults who were administered a pediatric fixed-dose combination of lamivudine (3TC)/zidovudine (AZT)/ nevirapine (NVP) (30/60/50 mg) granules for reconstitution and fast disintegrating tablets. Using the area under the curve (AUC) from noncompartmental analysis, the relative bioavailability of the test suspension and test tablet to the reference suspension was 93.7% and 104.5% for lamivudine, 82.9% and 97.9% for nevirapine, and 94.2% and 93.6% for zidovudine, respectively. The 90% CI for C max , AUC 0-t , and AUC t-∞ were 85.69%-102.54%, 96.13%-117.79%, and 82.63%-106.72%, respectively, for lamivudine; 83.33%-109.15%, 99.94%-124.54%, and 98.22%-122.43%, respectively, for zidovudine; and 87.71%-109.20%, 89.31%-106.26%, and 85.95%-102.82%, respectively, for nevirapine. Pharmacokinetic parameters were generated using the pharmacokinetics (PK) PK TM module in GastroPlus ® modeling and simulation software. Pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters were simulated using adult clinical data and pediatric physiologic variables as inputs to the PK TM module. The resulting virtual pediatric subjects' PK data were regressed against pediatric body weight (BW), body surface area (BSA), and postgestational age (PGA), respectively. Clearance and volume of distribution were linearly correlated with BW (R 2 = 1.000) but obeyed the polynomial equation of the third order with the PGA of the subjects (R 2 ubjects. Simulation of pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters using adult PK data and pediatric physiologic parameters as input produced pediatric PK total clearance and volume of distribution, which were linearly correlated with BW but polynomially correlated with the PGA of children. By making appropriate allowances for a specific enzyme's maturation rate and presence, allometric scaling of pediatric doses of antiretroviral drugs lamivudine, nevirapine, and zidovudine could be more reliably determined using a linear expression based on BW and BSA and polynomial expression based on child's PGA of up 12 years.
Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 1998
... ACKOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to Dr. MK Fasasi and AA Oladipo of Center for Energy ... more ... ACKOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to Dr. MK Fasasi and AA Oladipo of Center for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University (OA U) Nigeria for assisting in XRF analysis of the samples ... Kunle and A .B. Bangudu, Pharni, World J., 7, 26 (1990). ...
Starch - Stärke, 2006
... Y. Morrison, HN Asemota: In vitro digestibility of raw starches extracted from five yam (Dios... more ... Y. Morrison, HN Asemota: In vitro digestibility of raw starches extracted from five yam (Dioscorea spp.) species grown in Jamaica. ... 1995, 47, 265275. [22] A. Martin, J. Swarbrick, C A. Ammarata: Micromeritics, in Physical Pharmacy, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1983, 492. ...
Starch - Stärke, 2010
Skip to Main Content. Wiley Online Library will be disrupted 5 Nov from 10-12 GMT for monthly mai... more Skip to Main Content. Wiley Online Library will be disrupted 5 Nov from 10-12 GMT for monthly maintenance. ...
Powder Technology, 2008
A comparative investigation of the surface properties of starch powders from three species of yam... more A comparative investigation of the surface properties of starch powders from three species of yam (Dioscorea spp.) was conducted, using corn starch BP as reference standard, with a view to assessing their usefulness as ingredients of tablets/capsule formulations. Significant differences were observed in the physicomechanical properties of the starches obtained from the various yam species. Granular diameter ranged from 5.4 μm (Chinese yam) to 34.5 μm (Round leaf yellow yam). Corn starch BP has a mean granular diameter of 12.3 μm. Chinese yam starch had the highest specific surface area (625.91 m 2 /kg) while Round leaf yellow yam had the lowest (117. 4 m 2 /kg); corn starch BP has a specific surface area of 232 m 2 /kg. The surface tension of the starch mucilage also varied significantly with Bitter yam having the lowest (44.56 mN/m) and Round leaf yellow yam the highest (54.00 mN/m); corn starch had a surface tension of 62 mN/m. X-ray powder diffraction revealed three distinct crystalline patterns: Bitter yam and corn starch displayed the type A while Round leaf yellow yam and Chinese yam displayed the types B and C patterns respectively. In moisture adsorption, all the starches studied displayed monolayer adsorption profiles with rate order of moisture adsorption ranging from 0.92 mg%/h for Chinese yam to 1.07 mg%/h for Round leaf yellow yam starch. Since co-formulated materials will react or interact at the interface, the variations observed in the surface properties suggest a potential for significant botanical specie-dependent differences in performance of starch powder in formulated dosage forms.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2008
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1999
The need to develop chloroquine suppository formulations that yield optimal bioavailability of th... more The need to develop chloroquine suppository formulations that yield optimal bioavailability of the drug has been emphasized. This study demonstrates the effects of incorporation of known absorption-enhancing agents (nonionic surfactants and sodium salicylate) on the in vitro release characteristics of chloroquine from polyethylene glycol (1000:4000, 75:25%, w/w) suppositories. The release rates were determined using a modification of the continuous flow bead-bed dissolution apparatus for suppositories. Results showed that the extent of drug release from suppositories containing any of three surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80 and Brij 35) was 100%, whereas 88% release was obtained with control formulation (without enhancer) (P&amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). However, Tween 20 was more effective than Brij 35 and Tween 80 in improving the drug release rate. There was a concentration-dependent effect with Tween 20, and 4% (w/w) of this surfactant was associated with the highest increase in the rate of drug release from the suppositories. Sodium salicylate at a concentration of 25% (w/w) also significantly enhanced the drug release rate, but a higher concentration of the adjuvant markedly reduced both the rate and extent of drug release. Combined incorporation of Tween 20 and sodium salicylate did not significantly modify (P0.05) the rate of drug release when compared to the effect of the more effective single agent. Due to their effects in improving the drug release profiles coupled with their intrinsic absorption-promoting properties, it is suggested that incorporation of 4% (w/w) Tween 20 and/or 25% (w/w) sodium salicylate in the composite polyethylene glycol chloroquine suppository formulations, may result in enhancement of rectal absorption of the drug. This necessitates an in vivo validation.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
Oil extracted from the ripe ackee (Blighia sapida L) aril was characterized by the classical titr... more Oil extracted from the ripe ackee (Blighia sapida L) aril was characterized by the classical titrimetric and gravimetric analyses following the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) procedures. Dynamic and kinematic viscosities as well as the true density of the lipid were determined. The sample was subjected to instrumental polarimetric and gas chromatographic analyses. In each test, arachis oil (BP) and/or oleic acid was used as reference. The extraction and purification method produced 37.0 ± ± ± ± 4.9%, on dry weight basis, of bright-yellow oil with characteristic roasted ackee scent. Acid, ester, hydroxyl and saponification values were 1.83 (± ± ± ±0.01), 64.52 (± ± ± ±0.18), 28.01 (± ± ± ±0.04) and 743 (± ± ± ±0.19) respectively. Its specific gravity was 0.905 (± ± ± ±0.008) while the optical rotation was 1.453. The gas chromatography showed several well-defined peaks with two peaks at elution times of 15.41min (n-hexane) and 17.44 min (oleics acid). The sample has comparable specific gravity, viscosities and true density values as arachis oil BP. On the other hand, it contains higher levels of saponifiable matters, free acid and hydrolysable matters than arachis oil. The characteristic properties of ackee oil suggest potential for its application as pharmaceutical base and may satisfy some of the deficiencies of arachis and, possibly, some other vegetable oils.
Tropical Agriculture, 2018
Direct compression is the preferred method of manufacturing tablets. However, native starch, comm... more Direct compression is the preferred method of manufacturing tablets. However, native starch, commonly used as disintegrant, binder and/or filler, tends to possess poor intrinsic compressibility. This makes it less suitable as a direct compression ingredient. With physical and chemical modifications, key physical properties of native starch may be altered, enabling the extension of its utility. Breadfruit provides a cheap source of high quality native starch. Controlled heating at 65 ?C was applied to an aqueous suspension of native breadfruit starch (NBS) to produce pregelatinized breadfruit starch (PBS). The fundamental and derived properties as well as compactibility of PBS were evaluated with metronidazole, a drug of poor inherent compressibility, as a model drug active ingredient. The crushing strength, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profiles of metronidazole tablets were used to assess the effect of PBS as a direct compression binder at 20% concentration. Signi...