Georgios C . Anagnostopoulos - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Georgios C . Anagnostopoulos

THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL SPECIAL TOPICS, 2021

Abstract. In this paper we provide signi cant evidence that the sun is a principal agent provokin... more Abstract. In this paper we provide signi cant evidence that the sun is
a principal agent provoking seismic activity. In particular the aim of
the studies presented is to examine the possible relation of the coronal
hole (CH) driven high speed solar wind streams (HSSs) with seismicity
We performed several statistical studies of solar space and seismolog-
ical data between 1980 and 2017 as well as a study for a long time
interval from the year 1900 until the year 2017. (A1) Concerning the
period 1980{2017 among other results we found that the earthquakes
(EQs) with M 83 between 2010{2017 (including the catastrophic
earthquakes of Japan 2011 (M91) Sumatra 2012 (M86) and Chile 2015
(M83)) occurred during times of large coronal holes as seen by the
Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite and were related with
CH-driven HSSs observed by the ACE spacecraft several weeks or a
few months before the EQ occurrences. (A2) Further research on the
hypothesis of the possible HSS-EQ relationship revealed a surprising
novel nding: a power spectrum analysis suggests that during the decay
phase of the SCC22 and SC23 and at the maximum of SC23 the values
of the global seismic (M 6) energy output shows a periodic varia-
tion of 27 days, which is the mean rotational period of the Sun. (A3)
Moderate (not strong) storms in general precede the great EQs. (B)
The study of the data for the time interval 1900{2017 revealed that:
(1) all of the giant (M 85) EQs occurred during the decay minimum
and the rising phase of the solar cycle or in the maximum phase but
at times of a strong reduction of the monthly averaged sunspot num-
ber: Chile M95 1960 EQ { Alaska M92 1964 EQ { Sumatra M91 2004
EQ (decay phase) Japan M91 2011 EQ (rising phase of the \strange"
SC24) (2) the global energy release of all EQs with magnitudes M 55
show the highest values during the decay phase of the solar cycle and
in particular three years after the solar maximum and (3) a very sig-
ni cant negative correlation (rS = 􀀀042p < 10􀀀4) was found between
the SSN and the number of earthquakes with M 7 during the period
1930{2010 during times of moderate and high amplitude solar cycles.
(C) Another result of our study is that the comparison of the yearly
numbers of great (M 7) EQs with the SSN fails to provide cor-
rect statistical results whereas this is possible for the global seismic
energy or the giant EQs. (D) Finally we infer that the case and statis-
tical studies presented in this paper strongly suggest a close relation
between CH-associated HSSs and seismic activity. We present some
observational evidence that most probably Alfven waves mediate the
interaction of CH-driven HSSs with seismicity.

Annales Geophysicae, 1999

We performed a statistical analysis of 290± 500 keV ion data obtained by IMP-8 during the years 1... more We performed a statistical analysis of 290± 500 keV ion data obtained by IMP-8 during the years 1982±1988 within the earth's magnetosheath and analysed in detail some time periods withdistinct ion bursts. These studies reveal the following characteristics for magnetosheath 290±500 keV energetic ions: (a) the occurrence frequency and the ¯ux of ions increase with increasing geomagnetic activity as indicated by the Kp index; the occurrence frequency was found to be as high as P ³ 42% for Kp ³ 2, (b) the occurrence frequency in the dusk magnetosheath was found to be slightly dependent on the local time and ranged between ~30% and ~46% for all Kp values; the highest occurrence frequency was detected near the dusk magnetopause (21 LT), (c) the high energy ion bursts display a dawn-dusk asymmetry in their maximum ¯uxes, with higher ¯uxes appearing in the dusk magnetosheath, and (d) the observations in the dusk magnetosheath suggest that there exist intensity gradients of energetic ions from the bow shock toward the magnetopause. The statistical results are consistent with the concept that leakage of magnetospheric ions from the dusk magnetopause is a semi-permanent physical process often providing the magnetosheath with high energy (290±500 keV) ions.

Annales Geophysicae, Jan 31, 2000

We have analyzed high time resolution (³6 s) data during the onset and the decay phase of several... more We have analyzed high time resolution (³6 s) data during the onset and the decay phase of several energetic (³35 keV) ion events observed near the Earth's bow shock by the CCE/AMPTE and IMP-7/8 spacecraft, during times of intense substorm/geomagnetic activity. We found that forward energy dispersion at the onset of events (earlier increase of middle energy ions) and/or a delayed fall of the middle energy ion ¯uxes at the end of events are often evident in high time resolution data. The energy spectra at the onset and the decay of this kind of events show a characteristic hump at middle (50±120 keV) energies and the angular distributions display either anisotropic or broad forms. The time scale of energy dispersion in the ion events examined was found to range from several seconds to $1 h depending on the ion energies compared and on the rate of variation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) direction. Several canditate processes are discussed to explain the observations and it is suggested that a rigidity dependent transport process of magnetospheric particles within the magnetosheath is most probably responsible for the detection of this new type of near bow shock magnetospheric ion events. The new class of ion events was observed within both the magnetosheath and the upstream region.

arXiv (Cornell University), Dec 16, 2010

In this article we present examples of a wider study of space-time correlation of electron precip... more In this article we present examples of a wider study of space-time correlation of electron precipitation event of the Van Allen belts with the position and time of occurrence of strong (M>6.5) earthquakes. The study is based on the analysis of observations of electron bursts (EBs) with energies 70-2350 keV at middle geographic latitudes, which were detected by DEMETER satellite (at an altitude of ~700 km). The EBs show a relative peak-to-background increase usually < 100, they have a time duration ~0.5-3 min, energy spectrum with peaks moving in higher energies as the satellite moves towards the equator, and highest energy limit <~500 keV. The EBs are observed in the presence of VLF waves. The flux-time profile of the EBs varies in East Asia and Mediterranean Sea at the similar geographic latitudes, due to the differentiation of the magnitude of the earth's magnetic field. The most important result of our study is the characteristic temporal variation of electron precipitation variation which begins with incremental rate several days / a few weeks before major earthquakes, then presents a maximum, and finally become weaker, with a minimun or a pause of the electron precipitation some hours before the onset of the earthquake.

Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Apr 1, 1989

EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly, Apr 1, 2003

In this study we concentrate on the examination of flux-time profiles of energetic protons with e... more In this study we concentrate on the examination of flux-time profiles of energetic protons with energies 0.5-1.6 MeV along with relativistic electrons E>˜16 MeV obtain by two different experiments onboard Ulysses, HISCALE and COSPIN, from 15:00UT on day 41 up to 12:00UT on day 43. During this time interval a distinct change in the flux and the spectral observations reveals the transition of Ulysses to another characteristic region of enhanced fluxes, in the high latitude outer magnetosphere. A careful analysis of the fluxes and the anisotropy and spectral indices suggests that the quasi-periodic ˜40 min (QP-40) energetic particle bursts is an almost permanent phenomenon in the high latitude outer magnetosphere. The QP-40 modulation was confirmed by applying Singular Spectrum (SSA) and Fourier Analysis on the reconstructed signal via SSA technique. Furthermore, the QP-40 min bursts were identified as field-aligned beams originated from the South Pole. We infer that the QP 40 particle emission was the principal source of the large scale high latitude magnetopause boundary layer during Ulysses flyby of Jupiter.

35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 2004

ABSTRACT

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1987

Simultaneous observations of energetic ions (•> 50 keV) and electrons (•> 220 keV) by the IMP 7 a... more Simultaneous observations of energetic ions (•> 50 keV) and electrons (•> 220 keV) by the IMP 7 and 8 spacecraft, carrying identical instruments and located within the distant (-37 RE) magnetotail and upstream from the bow shock, have been employed to separate temporal variations from spatial variations during the upstream ion events observed on December 3, 1977 and November 2-3, 1977, in order to determine the source of these particles. The IMP data, when compared with those from ISEE 1 and 2, have also made possible the determination of field-aligned and flux-tube intensity gradients in the upstream region, thus enabling the test of specific predictions of the Fermi acceleration model for such events. The analysis of these three-spacecraft observations and comparison with theory have revealed the following' (1) For each of the observed upstream enhancements, energetic ions and electrons were simultaneously present inside the plasma sheet-successive increases were in excellent time coincidence with substorm injection events seen on ground-based magnetograms' (2) The low-energy (_> 50 keV) ion intensity profile inside the plasma sheet was relatively flat, while at higher (_> 300 keV) energies there was considerable variability, with one case exhibiting an "inverse velocity dispersion" profile; (3) Relativistic electron bursts were seen inside the plasma sheet and also upstream of the shock but at substantially reduced intensities' (4) The ion energy spectrum for the December 3 event, extended to energies-2 MeV, was identical in form within the plasma sheet and upstream of the shock and can be described well by dj/dE oc E-5-5; (5) Ion anisotropies exhibited typically large dawn-dusk or dusk-dawn gradients, depending on spacecraft location, and showed large (up to 20:1) field-aligned streaming away from the bow shock; (6) Comparison of IMP and ISEE 2 intensities at-60 keV for identical magnetic connections to the bow shock during a period when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was radial showed the IMP 7 intensity to be higher by a factor-10, even though IMP 7 was-20 R E further from the bow shock, but located toward the dusk side of the earth-sun line' and (7) Comparison of unidirectional intensities of IMP 8 and ISEE 1 along the same radial IMF line showed the field-aligned component to be identical at both spacecraft, while the omnidirectional intensities give a gradient of-2.5ø70/RE. The observations are compared with predictions of the Fermi model, and it is found that they are inconsistent with the principal features of the model, including the energy extent, form of the spectrum, anisotropies, scale lengths of acceleration region, IMF connection times, and the presence of electrons.

Atmosphere

In the past two decades, the world has experienced an unprecedented number of extreme weather eve... more In the past two decades, the world has experienced an unprecedented number of extreme weather events, some causing major human suffering and economic damage. The March 2012 heat wave is one of the most known and broadly discussed events in the Northeast United States (NE-USA). The present study examines in depth the possible influence of solar activity on the historic March 2012 heat wave based on a comparison of solar/space and meteorological data. Our research suggests that the historic March 2012 heat wave (M2012HW) and the March 1910 heat wave (M1910HW), which occurred a century earlier in NE-USA, were related to Sun-generated special space plasma structures triggering large magnetic storms. Furthermore, the largest (Dst = −222 nT) magnetic storm during solar cycle 24 in March 2015 (only three years later than the March 2012 events) occurred in relation to another heat wave (M2015HW) in NE-USA. Both these heat waves, M2012HW and M2015HW, resemble each other in many ways: they we...

The inuence of space weather on the Earth's atmospheric weather and climate is an important s... more The inuence of space weather on the Earth's atmospheric weather and climate is an important scientic issue with great social interest. In this study we present, for the rst time, statistical results during times of 28 strong ICMEs observed between 1997 - May, 2015, which conrm a strong correlation between the solar activity and the temperature TM in east USA (Madison, Wisconsin). In particular we found that: (a) during a time period of 15 days (day=-7 to day=+7) centered at the day D0 of ICMEs arrival at Earth, the temperature (TM ) in Madison shows maximum values around (+/- 1 day) or after the day D0 in 89.2% of the cases examined, (b) the high (1880 - 4700 keV) energy solar proton (HESP) uxes, show a much stronger correlation with TM than the magnetospheric 68 - 115 keV ions and 38 - 53 keV electrons, before the ICME arrival, (c) the temperature increase reached on day D0 is strongly (r = 0:8;p < 0:001) correlated with the time duration of the HESP events, (d) the temperat...

The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 2021

In this paper we provide significant evidence that the sun is a principal agent provoking seismic... more In this paper we provide significant evidence that the sun is a principal agent provoking seismic activity. In particular the aim of the studies presented is to examine the possible relation of the coronal hole (CH) driven high speed solar wind streams (HSSs) with seismicity We performed several statistical studies of solar space and seismological data between 1980 and 2017 as well as a study for a long time interval from the year 1900 until the year 2017. (A1) Concerning the period 1980–2017 among other results we found that the earthquakes (EQs) with M ≥ 83 between 2010–2017 (including the catastrophic earthquakes of Japan 2011 (M91) Sumatra 2012 (M86) and Chile 2015 (M83)) occurred during times of large coronal holes as seen by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite and were related with CH-driven HSSs observed by the ACE spacecraft several weeks or a few months before the EQ occurrences. (A2) Further research on the hypothesis of the possible HSS-EQ relationship revealed...

In the past two decades the world experienced an exceptional number of unprecedented extreme weat... more In the past two decades the world experienced an exceptional number of unprecedented extreme weather events, some causing major human suffering and economic damage, such as the March 2012 heat event, which was called “Meteorological March Madness.” From the beginning of space era a correlation of solar ﬂares with pressure changes in atmosphere within 2–3 days or even less was reported. In this study we wanted to test the possible relation of highly warm weather events in North-East America with Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events. For this reason we compared ground temperatures TM in Madison, Wisconsin, with energetic particle fluxes P measured by the EPAM instrument onboard the ACE spacecraft. In particular, we elaborated case events and the results of a statistical study of the SEP events related with the largest (Dst ≤ −150nT) Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)-induced geomagnetic storms, between with the years 1997–2015. The most striking result of ou...

In this paper we present results of a comparison between ultra low frequency (ULF) electromagneti... more In this paper we present results of a comparison between ultra low frequency (ULF) electromagnetic (EM) radiation, recorded by an electric field instrument (ICE) onboard the satellite DEMETER in the topside ionosphere, and the seismicity of regions with high and lower seismic activity. In particular, we evaluated the energy variations of the ULF Ez-electric field component during a period of four years (2006-2009), in order to examine the possible relation of ULF EM radiation with seismogenic regions located in Central America, Indonesia, Eastern Mediterranean Basin and Greece. As a tool for evaluating the ULF Ez energy variations we used Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) techniques. The results of our analysis clearly show a significant increase of the ULF EM energy emitted from regions of highest seismic activity at the tectonic plates boundaries. We interpret these results as suggesting that the highest ULF EM energy detected in the topside ionosphere is originated from seismic processes within Earth's crust. We understand the results of the present study as confirming previous evidence that the ULF EM anomalous wave activity in the ionosphere can be considered a useful earthquake precursory signal.

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2011

In this paper we study the energy of ULF electromagnetic waves that were recorded by the satellit... more In this paper we study the energy of ULF electromagnetic waves that were recorded by the satellite DEME-TER, during its passing over Haiti before and after a destructive earthquake. This earthquake occurred on 12 January 2010, at geographic Latitude 18.46 • and Longitude 287.47 • , with Magnitude 7.0 R. Specifically, we are focusing on the variations of energy of Ez-electric field component concerning a time period of 100 days before and 50 days after the strong earthquake. In order to study these variations, we have developed a novel method that can be divided in two stages: first we filter the signal, keeping only the ultra low frequencies and afterwards we eliminate its trend using techniques of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), combined with a third-degree polynomial filter. As it is shown, a significant increase in energy is observed for the time interval of 30 days before the earthquake. This result clearly indicates that the change in the energy of ULF electromagnetic waves could be related to strong precursory earthquake phenomena. Moreover, changes in energy associated with strong aftershock activity were also observed 25 days after the earthquake. Finally, we present results concerning the comparison between changes in energy during night and day passes of the satellite over Haiti, which showed differences in the mean energy values, but similar results as far as the rate of the energy change is concerned.

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1992

According to Fermi models as applied to the Earth's bow shock energetic particles are acceler... more According to Fermi models as applied to the Earth's bow shock energetic particles are accelerated most efficiently under radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. In an earlier paper (Sarris and Krimigis, 1988) we tested the Fermi mechanism for cases of radial IMF when no detectable ambient energetic particle fluxes were present. We concluded that the above mechanism could not account for the observations in the vicinity of the bow shock. In this work we extend the previous test by examining cases observed by the IMP 8 spacecraft where, in addition to the radial IMF, the following particle and field conditions were present: (1) in situ cyclotron‐resonant wave activity, (2) a seed energetic particle population, and (3) small (≲25°) θBn at the points of connection of the spacecraft to the bow shock. Examination of data from days 67, 1979, and 303, 1980, show that despite the fact that all of the above conditions were satisfied, no ion enhancements (≳50 keV) attributab...

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1988

Simultaneous observations of energetic protons of solar origin by the IMP 7 and 8 spacecraft in t... more Simultaneous observations of energetic protons of solar origin by the IMP 7 and 8 spacecraft in the vicinity of the dawn and dusk bow shock, respectively, are examined to determine the conditions for acceleration of an ambient energetic particle population at the bow shock. The data show that acceleration effects are observed in the intensities of the energetic protons with energies as high as E-4 MeV only at the quasi-perpendicular region of the bow shock. Furthermore, the ion acceleration is observed for high values of the solar wind velocity and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and for an expanded bow shock. The energy spectra and angular distributions of the intensities of the accelerated ions both upstream and downstream from the bow shock are consistent with the predictions of the shock drift acceleration (SDA) mechanism operating efficiently at the quasi-perpendicular (dusk) side of the bow shock while the IMF is in the nominal direction. At the same time no evidence for any particle acceleration at E _> 50 keV was detected by the spacecraft located at the quasi-parallel (dawn) side of the bow shock, under conditions which favor the Fermi mechanism. These results, together with an observation of a magnetospheric burst during a period of radial IMF suggest the following: (1) acceleration of a seed particle population only occurs at the quasi-perpendicular bow shock through SDA and (2) leakage of magnetospheric ions at E _> 50 keV rather than in situ acceleration is the principal source of observed upstream ion populations.

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1986

Simultaneous observations of energetic ions (≳50 keV) and electrons (≳220 keV) by the IMP‐7 and I... more Simultaneous observations of energetic ions (≳50 keV) and electrons (≳220 keV) by the IMP‐7 and IMP‐8 spacecraft carrying identical instruments and located within the distant (∼37 Re) magnetotail and upstream of the bow shock, respectively, are reported during the period 0000–1100 UT on October 31, 1977. During this period, ISEE‐1 detectors had detected an upstream ion event [Ipavich et al., 1979]. The IMP observations, including measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), reveal the following: (1) energetic ions and electrons were present inside the plasma sheet ≳ 1 hour prior to onset of the event upstream at IMP‐8. (2) Ion (50 ≤ E ≲ 200 keV) intensities inside the plasma sheet were always higher than those upstream by factors of ∼2 to ∼8. (3) The ion energy spectrum upstream of the shock can be fit well by a power law, dj/dE ∝ E−4.1, from ∼50 keV to ∼2 MeV; observations at higher energies were precluded by high fluxes of ambient solar energetic particles. (4) Dawn‐du...

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2005

Simultaneous observations from the Geotail, IMP 8, and Wind spacecrafts during periods of energet... more Simultaneous observations from the Geotail, IMP 8, and Wind spacecrafts during periods of energetic particle activity, studied previously far upstream from the Earth's bow shock, are used in this paper to resolve ambiguities between the leakage and Fermi models as the potential mechanism of such upstream events. CNO flux enhancements were observed at the current sheet (IMP 8 and Geotail), during intense substorm activity, before detection of a typical upstream Wind ion event rich in heavy ion species on day 31, 1995; the plasma sheet CNO flux enhancement was observed during times of a corotating interaction region with a seed population rich in CNO ion species. In addition, the features of energetic ion events observed on days 32–36, 1995, near the Earth's bow shock (Geotail and IMP 8) suggest that magnetospheric leakage of energetic particles is a much more likely source of the observed upstream ions than Fermi acceleration. Such features, observed during periods of high va...

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1987

Over the past decade, and on the basis of simultaneous multi‐spacecraft observations, we have sho... more Over the past decade, and on the basis of simultaneous multi‐spacecraft observations, we have shown that energetic ions escape upstream from the earth's bow shock by drifting through the magnetospheric and magnetosheath fields from their source inside the plasma sheet [Sarris et al., 1978; Krimigis and Sarris, 1979]. Furthermore, Voyager 1 and 2 observations, during their encounters with Jupiter [Zwickl et al., 1980; Krimigis et al., 1985], and more recently with Uranus [Krimigis et al, 1986], have also shown that energetic ions of magnetospheric origin leak upstream from the planetary bow shocks.

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1998

In this work we examine the statistical presence of some important features of upstream energetic... more In this work we examine the statistical presence of some important features of upstream energetic (≥50 keV) ion events under some special conditions in the upstream region and the magnetosphere. The 125 ion events considered in the statistic were observed by the IMP 7 and IMP 8 spacecraft, at ∼35 RE from the Earth, during nine long time intervals of a total of 153 hours. The time intervals analyzed were selected under the following restrictions: existence of high proton flux (i.e., ≥900 p cm−2 s−1 sr−1) and of a great number of events (an occurrence frequency of ∼10 events per 12 hours in the whole statistics) in the energy range 50–220 keV. The most striking findings are the following: (1) The upstream events were observed during times with high values of the geomagnetic activity index Kp (≥3‐); (2) all of the upstream events (100%) have energy spectra extending up to energies E≥290keV; (3) 86% of these events are accompanied by relativistic (E ≥ 220 keV) electrons; and (4) the maj...

THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL SPECIAL TOPICS, 2021

Annales Geophysicae, 1999

Annales Geophysicae, Jan 31, 2000

arXiv (Cornell University), Dec 16, 2010

Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Apr 1, 1989

EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly, Apr 1, 2003

35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 2004

ABSTRACT

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1987

Atmosphere

The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 2021

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2011

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1992

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1988

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1986

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2005

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1987

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1998

Electromagnetic radiation influences in many ways humans and animals, while earthquakes are know... more Electromagnetic radiation influences in many ways humans and animals, while earthquakes are known to be related with electromagnetic phenomena. We recently showed that large earthquakes reduced admissions of psychiatric patients, whereas small earthquakes were associated with increased number of admissions. Our aim was to examine the effect of seismic-related electromagnetic activity on two chronic and severe psychiatric disorders varying in terms of etiology and treatment, i.e. Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia.
Retrospective data concerning monthly admission rates of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in the Psychiatric Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed in relation to the number of earthquakes with small (magnitude ≥2) or larger magnitude in the Crete region in Greece.
Results showed a marked reduction of acute admissions during a storm of large earthquakes, which was greater in patients with Bipolar Disorder (91.2%) than Schizophrenia patients (52.4%). In addition there was a significant increase of admissions during a period of frequent small earthquakes, primarily among patients with Bipolar Disorder.
The results suggest that electrostatic fields that accompany large earthquakes may have a protective effect on psychiatric disorders, particularly on Bipolar Disorder. These findings are consistent with the ameliorating effect of electromagnetic fields used in Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in patients with Bipolar Disorder. Future studies focusing on the underlying mechanisms may lead to more specific treatments of psychiatric disorders.

In this paper we provide significant evidence that the Sun is a principal agent provoking seismic... more In this paper we provide significant evidence that the Sun is a principal agent provoking seismic activity. In particular, the aim of the studies presented is to examine the possible relation of the coronal hole (CH)-driven high speed solar wind streams (HSSs) with seismicity.

Earthquakes (EQs) is one of the most catastrophic physical phenomena in the world and the most ca... more Earthquakes (EQs) is one of the most catastrophic physical phenomena in the world and the most catastrophic one in the south-east Med (SEMed). In this paper we examine observations from DEMETER, the only mission that was dedicated to investigate EQ electromagnetic (EM) phenomena so far (2004-2010). Small EQs radiate at the ULF/ ELF band and our study reveal results of high social interest in SEMed:
(1) The ULF / ELF EM radiation is a semi-permanent phenomenon at the edge of the tectonic plates in SEMed (i.e between the African and the Aegean / Eurasian plates)
(2) A comparison of the admission rate N in the hospital (University of Crete) of people suffered from severe mental diseases (bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) with ULF / ELF EM energy E observed by DEMETER above Crete suggests a very strong and significant correlation (r =0.6, p < 0.05) with a delay between N-E of 2~days (Anagnostopoulos et al., 2015).
The above findings confirm the great importance of Remote Sensing in the earthquake prediction research and suggests that an We infer that reEM protection from seismogenic EM radiation might be used for the protection of people with severe mental diseases living in SEMed. mote sensing of seismogenic EM phenomena can be used in many ways for the protection of life, health and safety of people in the region of SEMed as well as in other seismogenic regions.

KEY WORDS: Remote Sensing, Earthquake prediction, Bioelectromagnetism, Mental diseases, Life and Health protection

Earth is in general highly dependent on the presence of Sun. Important Sun’s electromagnetic infl... more Earth is in general highly dependent on the presence of Sun. Important Sun’s electromagnetic influences on Earth have been recognized by modern Science. On these lines we examine the possible influence of Space Weather on Seismicity. We performed several statistical and case studies during the time interval of 22 years (1993 to 2015) and we have found some important results. (1) The yearly values of the number of great (M≥6) EQs and of the amount of the total seismic energy released E are higher during the inclining (2010-201) and the declining phases (1994-1996, 2003-2005) of the solar cycles 23 and 24. (2) A power spectrum analysis performed on binary time series of M≥6 EQ energy release values, during the inclining and the declining phases, shows a significant peak at the Solar rotational period of ~27 days. For instance, during the years 2004-2010, a significant peak was found at 26.6 days (significant level 5%). (3) We have studied in extend the Space Weather along with Seismicity about 1 month before the Sumatra big (M9.1) Earthquake (EQ) of December 26, 2004. We found that the Sumatra EQ occurred at the end of a sequence of 8 fast solar wind streams, followed by a series of great EQs, with an average time delay of ~1.5 days (Anagnostopoulos and Papandreou, 2012). Our results suggest that the space weather may be a significant parameter for the (time) prediction of great EQs, in particular, during (the inclining and) the declining phase of a solar cycle, when Corotating Interaction Regions are more steady in space.