The sun as a significant agent provoking earthquakes (original) (raw)
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On the Origin of ULF Magnetic Waves Before the Taiwan Chi-Chi 1999 Earthquake
The ultra low frequency (ULF) electromagnetic (EM) wave activity usually recorded on Earth's ground has been found to depend on various types of space weather. In addition ULF waves observed before an earthquake have been hypothesized to be a result of geotectonic processes. In this study we elaborate for the first time the origin of sub-ULF (<1 msec) magnetic field waves before an earthquake (Chi-Chi/Taiwan, 20.9.1999) by comparing simultaneously obtained measurements in the interplanetary space (ACE satellite) and on the Earth's ground (Taiwan). The most striking result of our data analysis, during a period of 7 weeks, is that the detection of four groups of sub-ULF waves in Taiwan coincide in time with the quasi-periodic detection of two solar wind streams by the satellite ACE with approximately the solar rotation period (∼28 days). The high speed solar wind streams (HSSs) in the interplanetary space were accompanied by sub-ULF Alfvén wave activity, quasi-periodic southward IMF and solar wind density perturbations, which are known as triggering agents of magnetic storm activity. The four HSSs were followed by long lasting decreases in the magnetic field in Taiwan. The whole data set examined in this study strongly suggest that the subULF magnetic field waves observed in Taiwan before the Chi-Chi 1999 earthquake is a normal consequence of the incident of HSSs to the magnetosphere. We provide some observational evidence that the sub-ULF electromagnetic radiation on the Earth was most probably a partner to (not a result of) geotectonic processes preparing the Taiwan 1999 earthquake.
Double Filament Eruption and Associated Ribbon Flare and Halo Coronal Mass Ejection
Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere and Atmosphere, 2019
The Catalogues of the solar proton events [Logachev, ed., 1982-2016] provide the homogeneous data series of events with maximum intensity of > 10 MeV solar protons J ≥ 1 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 beginning from 1970 up to now. The event rates behavior is rather smooth: the total number of such events, relative to accumulated sunspot number, is almost constant in the solar cycles 21-23 and even slightly growing in the solar cycle 24. Contrary, the total number of the most powerful (GLE) events per cycle was constant within statistical errors in the cycles 21-23, and it fell abruptly in cycle 24. Considering the conventional sources of GLEs we found that production of GLEs by X-class bursts was 3 times less in cycle 24 than in cycle 23, while production of GLEs by the >1000 km/s halo-type CMEs was 5 times lower.
EVE Flare Diagnostics of in situ Observed Electron Events
Proceedings of the Eleventh Workshop "Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere, 2019
The Catalogues of the solar proton events [Logachev, ed., 1982-2016] provide the homogeneous data series of events with maximum intensity of > 10 MeV solar protons J ≥ 1 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 beginning from 1970 up to now. The event rates behavior is rather smooth: the total number of such events, relative to accumulated sunspot number, is almost constant in the solar cycles 21-23 and even slightly growing in the solar cycle 24. Contrary, the total number of the most powerful (GLE) events per cycle was constant within statistical errors in the cycles 21-23, and it fell abruptly in cycle 24. Considering the conventional sources of GLEs we found that production of GLEs by X-class bursts was 3 times less in cycle 24 than in cycle 23, while production of GLEs by the >1000 km/s halo-type CMEs was 5 times lower.
Long-Term Variations of the Galactic Cosmic Rays Dose Rates
simi, 2019
The Catalogues of the solar proton events [Logachev, ed., 1982-2016] provide the homogeneous data series of events with maximum intensity of > 10 MeV solar protons J ≥ 1 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 beginning from 1970 up to now. The event rates behavior is rather smooth: the total number of such events, relative to accumulated sunspot number, is almost constant in the solar cycles 21-23 and even slightly growing in the solar cycle 24. Contrary, the total number of the most powerful (GLE) events per cycle was constant within statistical errors in the cycles 21-23, and it fell abruptly in cycle 24. Considering the conventional sources of GLEs we found that production of GLEs by X-class bursts was 3 times less in cycle 24 than in cycle 23, while production of GLEs by the >1000 km/s halo-type CMEs was 5 times lower.
Possible connection between solar activity and local seismicity
Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
Recently, much attention has been paid to the relationship between solar and seismic activities toward earthquake (EQ) prediction. Some researchers believe in the existence of a connection between them; however, others completely refuse the existence of such a connection. In this study, the correlation between solar disturbances and occurrence of EQs during two consecutive solar cycles (SCs) 23 & 24 from 1996 to 2019 was investigated to explore such a relationship. The study was performed on both global and local scales. On a global scale, we studied the temporal variations of EQs number and the corresponding solar activity, represented by sunspot number. On the other hand, we selected several seismic zones characterized with high seismic activities and shallow depth EQs. For each zone we examined the day-to-day variations in the number of EQs and explored the space weather “chain of action” from the Sun to Earth in order to examine whether these events have an influence to increase...
Comparison of FI and the MCMESI for the Last two Solar Cycles
Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere and Atmosphere, 2019
The Catalogues of the solar proton events [Logachev, ed., 1982-2016] provide the homogeneous data series of events with maximum intensity of > 10 MeV solar protons J ≥ 1 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 beginning from 1970 up to now. The event rates behavior is rather smooth: the total number of such events, relative to accumulated sunspot number, is almost constant in the solar cycles 21-23 and even slightly growing in the solar cycle 24. Contrary, the total number of the most powerful (GLE) events per cycle was constant within statistical errors in the cycles 21-23, and it fell abruptly in cycle 24. Considering the conventional sources of GLEs we found that production of GLEs by X-class bursts was 3 times less in cycle 24 than in cycle 23, while production of GLEs by the >1000 km/s halo-type CMEs was 5 times lower.
Magnetic Storms During the Space Age: Occurrence and Relation to Varying Solar Activity
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
We study the occurrence of magnetic storms in space age (1957–2021) using Dst and Dxt indices. We find 2,526/2,743 magnetic storms in the Dxt/Dst index, out of which 45% are weak, 40% moderate, 12% intense and 3% major storms. Occurrence of storms in space age follows the slow decrease of sunspot activity and the related change in solar magnetic structure. We quantify the sunspot—coronal mass ejection (CME) storm relation in the five cycles of space age. We explain how the varying solar activity changes the structure of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), and how this affects the high‐speed solar wind stream (HSS)/corotating interaction region (CIR) storms. Space age started with a record number of storms in 1957–1960, with roughly one storm per week. Solar polar fields attained their maximum in cycle 22, which led to an exceptionally thin HCS, and a space age record of large HSS/CIR storms in 1990s. In the minimum of cycle 23, for the only time in space age, CME storm occurrence ...
Bulgarian Space Instrumentation
2018
Su un n a an nd d S So ol la ar r A Ac ct ti iv vi it ty y I. M. Podgorny, A. I. Podgorny. A series of powerful solar flares in minimum of solar activity. Proton acceleration on the solar back side
Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere and Atmosphere, 2019
The Catalogues of the solar proton events [Logachev, ed., 1982-2016] provide the homogeneous data series of events with maximum intensity of > 10 MeV solar protons J ≥ 1 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 beginning from 1970 up to now. The event rates behavior is rather smooth: the total number of such events, relative to accumulated sunspot number, is almost constant in the solar cycles 21-23 and even slightly growing in the solar cycle 24. Contrary, the total number of the most powerful (GLE) events per cycle was constant within statistical errors in the cycles 21-23, and it fell abruptly in cycle 24. Considering the conventional sources of GLEs we found that production of GLEs by X-class bursts was 3 times less in cycle 24 than in cycle 23, while production of GLEs by the >1000 km/s halo-type CMEs was 5 times lower.