Angel Alexander Llanos Velasquez - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Angel Alexander Llanos Velasquez

Research paper thumbnail of 8th Annual Posters on the Hill

The posters presented were supported by the generosity of many governmental and private funders, ... more The posters presented were supported by the generosity of many governmental and private funders, including: I wish to congratulate all of our undergraduate researchers on your selection to participate in the 2014 Posters on the Hill. Your research project was selected from 587 applications. The Council on Undergraduate Research is very impressed by your accomplishments and is pleased that you have been able to come to Washington, D.C. to participate in this prestigious event. This is our 18th annual Posters on the Hill event and this year, it directly follows the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Week, which was held from April 14-18, 2014. We are also very proud of our faculty members who serve as advisors and mentors to undergraduate researchers, and believe you and your students are stellar examples of the best in higher education. In addition, we are very pleased to partner with the American Chemical Society (ACS) for Posters on the Hill, and are deeply grateful to them for t...

Research paper thumbnail of Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo

Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, 2017

En años recientes el gobierno mexicano a través del CONACyT ha dado un gran impulso al desarrollo... more En años recientes el gobierno mexicano a través del CONACyT ha dado un gran impulso al desarrollo de la nanotecnología. La Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo a través del Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales ha enfocado esfuerzos de investigación en esta área con un grupo de investigadores de reconocido prestigio. En este documento se hace una breve descripción del Instituto así como de sus contribuciones en nanotecnología, las líneas de investigación que se cultivan y la infraestructura científica disponible para realizar investigación.

Research paper thumbnail of Mariátegui y el socialismo indo americano. Debate con la III internacional

Heuristica Revista Digital De Historia De La Educacion, 2008

No queremos, ciertamente, que el socialismo sea en América calco y copia. Debe ser creación heroi... more No queremos, ciertamente, que el socialismo sea en América calco y copia. Debe ser creación heroica. Tenemos que dar vida, con nuestra propia realidad, en nuestro propio lenguaje, al socialismo indoamericano."

Research paper thumbnail of CONVEMAR en el Ecuador: recursos marítimos, situación geopolítica y solución de conflictos

En esta investigación, se realiza un análisis cualitativo del proceso de evolución del Derecho de... more En esta investigación, se realiza un análisis cualitativo del proceso de evolución del Derecho del Mar, aplicación y limitaciones, hasta llegar a su institucionalización en el año de 1982, en la Tercera Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho el Mar, donde se concreta una codificación con carácter normativo sobre temas del mar, llamada Convención sobre el Derecho del Mar (CONVEMAR), que entra en plena vigencia en 1994. Esta se convierte, en definitiva, en la nueva era del Derecho el Mar acogida por gran parte de los países ribereños y no ribereños alrededor del mundo. Partiendo de este marco

Research paper thumbnail of Impulso del Gobierno de Honduras a la diversificación de la matriz energética: metas y desafíos

El Regulador Ante Los Nuevos Desafios De La Energia En Iberoamerica 2012 Isbn 978 84 470 3880 0 Pags 33 40, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Sistema Para La Gestion Del Mantenimiento Para Un Control Supervisorio Basado en Software Libre

Universidad Ciencia Y Tecnologia, Mar 19, 2012

A SCADA is a computer-based system that allows remote monitoring and control facility of any kind... more A SCADA is a computer-based system that allows remote monitoring and control facility of any kind. Modules include a SCADA is the Maintenance, which is responsible for controlling all operations relating to the maintenance of plant equipment or company. The maintenance of the company, is a key element for achieving the same objectives. Without adequate maintenance machinery operation interrupted frequently, significantly altering production schedules and failing to customers. For this reason we designed the preventive maintenance module WATER SCADA is being developed by the UNEXPO, using programming tools based on free software programs such as: HTML, PHP, JAVA, MYSQL, so it (module) to operate under Windows and Linux operating systems. This module will be within the SCADA WATER and it will be accessible through computers connected to the network of Instrumentation and Control Center (CIC) of the UNEXPO Puerto Ordaz. The need for this work is that there are currently no free software based systems dedicated to manage the maintenance of water treatment plants that are linked into a comprehensive system for monitoring and control of the plant (SCADA). Normally these systems are proprietary and are not adapted to the specific needs required by the water companies. Therefore, there is usually to hire an outside service that allows its adaptation, or develop custom software. With the current project will have all the source code as it is based on free software, also to be flexible to adapt to the policies of public water companies.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Soil Macrofauna in Solanum Tuberosum (Solanales: Solanaceae) with Traditional and Minimum Tillage Systems

Boletin Cientifico Centro De Museos Museo De Historia Natural, Dec 1, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Análisis de vibraciones de transformadores de potencia de una central hidroeléctrica

Research paper thumbnail of Plan estratégico de marketing para incrementar las ventas de comprimidos de Menovit, para mujeres que están ingresando en el período de la menopausia en la ciudad de Quito

Research paper thumbnail of Ecuador y los temas del nuevo Derecho del Mar

Research paper thumbnail of Multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles doubly loaded with SPION and ceftiofur retain their physical and biological properties

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 2015

Background: Advances in nanostructure materials are leading to novel strategies for drug delivery... more Background: Advances in nanostructure materials are leading to novel strategies for drug delivery and targeting, contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), agents for hyperthermia and nanocarriers. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are useful for all of these applications, and in drug-release systems, SPIONs allow for the localization, direction and concentration of drugs, providing a broad range of therapeutic applications. In this work, we developed and characterized polymeric nanoparticles based on poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) functionalized with SPIONs and/or the antibiotic ceftiofur. These nanoparticles can be used in multiple biomedical applications, and the hybrid SPION-ceftiofur nanoparticles (PHBV/SPION/CEF) can serve as a multifunctional platform for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and its associated bacterial infections. Results: Morphological examination using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed nanoparticles with a spherical shape and a core-shell structure. The particle size was evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), which revealed a diameter of 243.0 ± 17 nm. The efficiency of encapsulation (45.5 ± 0.6% w/v) of these polymeric nanoparticles was high, and their components were evaluated using spectroscopy. UV-VIS, FTIR and DSC showed that all of the nanoparticles contained the desired components, and these compounds interacted to form a nanocomposite. Using the agar diffusion method and live/dead bacterial viability assays, we demonstrated that these nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, and they retain their magnetic properties as measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Cytotoxicity was assessed in HepG2 cells using live/dead viability assays and MTS, and these assays showed low cytotoxicity with IC 50 > 10 mg/mL nanoparticles. Conclusions: Our results indicate that hybrid and multifunctional PHBV/SPION/CEF nanoparticles are suitable as a superparamagnetic drug delivery system that can guide, concentrate and site-specifically release drugs with antibacterial activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Elementos Teóricos De La Medición Del Capital Intelectual. ¿Cuadro De Mando Integral?

En la actualidad las Organizaciones buscan cada vez con mayor necesidad formas de gestionar sus R... more En la actualidad las Organizaciones buscan cada vez con mayor necesidad formas de gestionar sus Recursos Humanos a través de vías más efectivas con el fin de perfeccionar la gestión de los mismos a tono con las exigencias del mundo de hoy. Los planteamientos resumidos en el informe del Massachusetts Institute of Technology, titulado “Retos gerenciales para los años 90”; indica que los directivos de las empresas estarían ciegos si no entendieran que el mensaje más importante de los años 90 es que el desafío más significativo está relacionado con las personas y no con la tecnología.

Research paper thumbnail of Design and construction of an electromechanical velocity modulator for Mössbauer spectroscopy

Hyperfine Interactions, 2011

In this paper we report the design, construction and characterization of an electromechanical vel... more In this paper we report the design, construction and characterization of an electromechanical velocity modulator for application in Mössbauer spectroscopy. The modulator was constructed with copper coils, Neodymium magnets, steel cores and polymeric membranes. The magnetic field in the driving and velocity sensing stages was analyzed by the finite element method, which showed a linear relation between the magnetic field in the region of motion of both coils and the position of the coils within the steel cores. The results obtained by computational simulation allowed us to optimize geometries and dimensions of the elements of the system. The modulator presented its first resonance frequency at 16.7 Hz, this value was in good agreement with that predicted by a second order model, which showed a resonant frequency of 16.8 Hz. The linearity of the velocity signal of the modulator was analyzed through an optical method, based on a Michelson-Morley interferometer, in which the modulator moved one of the mirrors. Results showed a satisfactory linearity of the velocity signal obtained in the sensing coil, whose correlation with a straight line was around 0.99987 for a triangular reference waveform.

Research paper thumbnail of Aplicación de indicadores que permitirán evaluar el capital intelectual en la Sucursal Extrahotelera NIUS

Observatorio de la Economía …, 2010

Page 1. Aplicación de indicadores que permitirán evaluar el capital intelectual en la Sucursal Ex... more Page 1. Aplicación de indicadores que permitirán evaluar el capital intelectual en la Sucursal Extrahotelera NIUS. Lic Ángel Bezabel Peña Velásquez1 bezabel@minturlt.co.cu Dr. C. Luís O. Aguilera García2 MsC. Geovani Alejandro Pablos Solís3 geovanips@ult.edu.cu ...

Research paper thumbnail of Nuevo Dato en La Distribucion De Podiceps Occipitalis en Bolivia

Page 1. Kempffiana 2006 2(1):106-108 ISSN: 1991-4652 NUEVO DATO EN LA DISTRIBUCION DE PODICEPS OC... more Page 1. Kempffiana 2006 2(1):106-108 ISSN: 1991-4652 NUEVO DATO EN LA DISTRIBUCION DE PODICEPS OCCIPITALIS EN BOLIVIA NEW DATA IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF PODICEPS OCCIPITALIS IN BOLIVIA Oswaldo ...

Research paper thumbnail of Manifiesto. Historia disidente y militante

… : revista digital de …, 2007

... de Barquisimeto “Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa” (UCLA-UPEL-IPB), iniciada por Federico Brito F... more ... de Barquisimeto “Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa” (UCLA-UPEL-IPB), iniciada por Federico Brito Figueroa, continuada por Reinaldo Rojas y Dulce Marrufo. Son, en ... Anotada por Étienne Bloch, Prefacio Jacques Le Goff. México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2001 Page 3. 3 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Cats Affected by Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2000

A set of 180 hospitalized or outdoor feline patients was examined for the presence of antibodies ... more A set of 180 hospitalized or outdoor feline patients was examined for the presence of antibodies to feline coronavirus (FeCoV) and clinical signs of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The numbers of serologically and clinically positive cats were 55 (30.6%) and 35, respectively. The effusive and noneffusive forms of FIP were diagnosed in 24 and 11 animals, respectively. The most apparent signs, irrespective of the form of infection, included anorexia, lethargy, ischemic mucosae, and undernutrition. Hematological and immunological profiles of 14 FIP patients were compared with those found in a control group of 36 clinically normal and FeCoV-negative animals. A significant increase in the number of neutrophilic granulocytes was observed in the FIP patients (FIV-/FeLVcats with effusive form) and a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes were observed in the FIP patients. Eosinopenia was also found in patients affected by the effusive form. No alteration of the phagocytic activity (ingestion of particles, chemiluminiscence) due to FIP was demonstrable. The blastic transformation test (stimulation with Con A, PHA, or PWM) showed a marked decrease in the activity of lymphocytes in the FIP patients. Concentrations of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes were increased in the affected animals. The expression of the lymphocyte surface antigens CD4, CD5, CD8, and CD21 was studied in a selected subgroup of the patients using flow cytometry. The results indicate an impairment of the activity of the immune system due to FIP. Therefore, treatment of FIP with immunosuppressive drugs is considered inappropriate.

Research paper thumbnail of 8th Annual Posters on the Hill

The posters presented were supported by the generosity of many governmental and private funders, ... more The posters presented were supported by the generosity of many governmental and private funders, including: I wish to congratulate all of our undergraduate researchers on your selection to participate in the 2014 Posters on the Hill. Your research project was selected from 587 applications. The Council on Undergraduate Research is very impressed by your accomplishments and is pleased that you have been able to come to Washington, D.C. to participate in this prestigious event. This is our 18th annual Posters on the Hill event and this year, it directly follows the fourth annual Undergraduate Research Week, which was held from April 14-18, 2014. We are also very proud of our faculty members who serve as advisors and mentors to undergraduate researchers, and believe you and your students are stellar examples of the best in higher education. In addition, we are very pleased to partner with the American Chemical Society (ACS) for Posters on the Hill, and are deeply grateful to them for t...

Research paper thumbnail of Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo

Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, 2017

En años recientes el gobierno mexicano a través del CONACyT ha dado un gran impulso al desarrollo... more En años recientes el gobierno mexicano a través del CONACyT ha dado un gran impulso al desarrollo de la nanotecnología. La Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo a través del Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales ha enfocado esfuerzos de investigación en esta área con un grupo de investigadores de reconocido prestigio. En este documento se hace una breve descripción del Instituto así como de sus contribuciones en nanotecnología, las líneas de investigación que se cultivan y la infraestructura científica disponible para realizar investigación.

Research paper thumbnail of Mariátegui y el socialismo indo americano. Debate con la III internacional

Heuristica Revista Digital De Historia De La Educacion, 2008

No queremos, ciertamente, que el socialismo sea en América calco y copia. Debe ser creación heroi... more No queremos, ciertamente, que el socialismo sea en América calco y copia. Debe ser creación heroica. Tenemos que dar vida, con nuestra propia realidad, en nuestro propio lenguaje, al socialismo indoamericano."

Research paper thumbnail of CONVEMAR en el Ecuador: recursos marítimos, situación geopolítica y solución de conflictos

En esta investigación, se realiza un análisis cualitativo del proceso de evolución del Derecho de... more En esta investigación, se realiza un análisis cualitativo del proceso de evolución del Derecho del Mar, aplicación y limitaciones, hasta llegar a su institucionalización en el año de 1982, en la Tercera Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho el Mar, donde se concreta una codificación con carácter normativo sobre temas del mar, llamada Convención sobre el Derecho del Mar (CONVEMAR), que entra en plena vigencia en 1994. Esta se convierte, en definitiva, en la nueva era del Derecho el Mar acogida por gran parte de los países ribereños y no ribereños alrededor del mundo. Partiendo de este marco

Research paper thumbnail of Impulso del Gobierno de Honduras a la diversificación de la matriz energética: metas y desafíos

El Regulador Ante Los Nuevos Desafios De La Energia En Iberoamerica 2012 Isbn 978 84 470 3880 0 Pags 33 40, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Sistema Para La Gestion Del Mantenimiento Para Un Control Supervisorio Basado en Software Libre

Universidad Ciencia Y Tecnologia, Mar 19, 2012

A SCADA is a computer-based system that allows remote monitoring and control facility of any kind... more A SCADA is a computer-based system that allows remote monitoring and control facility of any kind. Modules include a SCADA is the Maintenance, which is responsible for controlling all operations relating to the maintenance of plant equipment or company. The maintenance of the company, is a key element for achieving the same objectives. Without adequate maintenance machinery operation interrupted frequently, significantly altering production schedules and failing to customers. For this reason we designed the preventive maintenance module WATER SCADA is being developed by the UNEXPO, using programming tools based on free software programs such as: HTML, PHP, JAVA, MYSQL, so it (module) to operate under Windows and Linux operating systems. This module will be within the SCADA WATER and it will be accessible through computers connected to the network of Instrumentation and Control Center (CIC) of the UNEXPO Puerto Ordaz. The need for this work is that there are currently no free software based systems dedicated to manage the maintenance of water treatment plants that are linked into a comprehensive system for monitoring and control of the plant (SCADA). Normally these systems are proprietary and are not adapted to the specific needs required by the water companies. Therefore, there is usually to hire an outside service that allows its adaptation, or develop custom software. With the current project will have all the source code as it is based on free software, also to be flexible to adapt to the policies of public water companies.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Soil Macrofauna in Solanum Tuberosum (Solanales: Solanaceae) with Traditional and Minimum Tillage Systems

Boletin Cientifico Centro De Museos Museo De Historia Natural, Dec 1, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Análisis de vibraciones de transformadores de potencia de una central hidroeléctrica

Research paper thumbnail of Plan estratégico de marketing para incrementar las ventas de comprimidos de Menovit, para mujeres que están ingresando en el período de la menopausia en la ciudad de Quito

Research paper thumbnail of Ecuador y los temas del nuevo Derecho del Mar

Research paper thumbnail of Multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles doubly loaded with SPION and ceftiofur retain their physical and biological properties

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 2015

Background: Advances in nanostructure materials are leading to novel strategies for drug delivery... more Background: Advances in nanostructure materials are leading to novel strategies for drug delivery and targeting, contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), agents for hyperthermia and nanocarriers. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are useful for all of these applications, and in drug-release systems, SPIONs allow for the localization, direction and concentration of drugs, providing a broad range of therapeutic applications. In this work, we developed and characterized polymeric nanoparticles based on poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) functionalized with SPIONs and/or the antibiotic ceftiofur. These nanoparticles can be used in multiple biomedical applications, and the hybrid SPION-ceftiofur nanoparticles (PHBV/SPION/CEF) can serve as a multifunctional platform for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and its associated bacterial infections. Results: Morphological examination using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed nanoparticles with a spherical shape and a core-shell structure. The particle size was evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), which revealed a diameter of 243.0 ± 17 nm. The efficiency of encapsulation (45.5 ± 0.6% w/v) of these polymeric nanoparticles was high, and their components were evaluated using spectroscopy. UV-VIS, FTIR and DSC showed that all of the nanoparticles contained the desired components, and these compounds interacted to form a nanocomposite. Using the agar diffusion method and live/dead bacterial viability assays, we demonstrated that these nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, and they retain their magnetic properties as measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Cytotoxicity was assessed in HepG2 cells using live/dead viability assays and MTS, and these assays showed low cytotoxicity with IC 50 > 10 mg/mL nanoparticles. Conclusions: Our results indicate that hybrid and multifunctional PHBV/SPION/CEF nanoparticles are suitable as a superparamagnetic drug delivery system that can guide, concentrate and site-specifically release drugs with antibacterial activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Elementos Teóricos De La Medición Del Capital Intelectual. ¿Cuadro De Mando Integral?

En la actualidad las Organizaciones buscan cada vez con mayor necesidad formas de gestionar sus R... more En la actualidad las Organizaciones buscan cada vez con mayor necesidad formas de gestionar sus Recursos Humanos a través de vías más efectivas con el fin de perfeccionar la gestión de los mismos a tono con las exigencias del mundo de hoy. Los planteamientos resumidos en el informe del Massachusetts Institute of Technology, titulado “Retos gerenciales para los años 90”; indica que los directivos de las empresas estarían ciegos si no entendieran que el mensaje más importante de los años 90 es que el desafío más significativo está relacionado con las personas y no con la tecnología.

Research paper thumbnail of Design and construction of an electromechanical velocity modulator for Mössbauer spectroscopy

Hyperfine Interactions, 2011

In this paper we report the design, construction and characterization of an electromechanical vel... more In this paper we report the design, construction and characterization of an electromechanical velocity modulator for application in Mössbauer spectroscopy. The modulator was constructed with copper coils, Neodymium magnets, steel cores and polymeric membranes. The magnetic field in the driving and velocity sensing stages was analyzed by the finite element method, which showed a linear relation between the magnetic field in the region of motion of both coils and the position of the coils within the steel cores. The results obtained by computational simulation allowed us to optimize geometries and dimensions of the elements of the system. The modulator presented its first resonance frequency at 16.7 Hz, this value was in good agreement with that predicted by a second order model, which showed a resonant frequency of 16.8 Hz. The linearity of the velocity signal of the modulator was analyzed through an optical method, based on a Michelson-Morley interferometer, in which the modulator moved one of the mirrors. Results showed a satisfactory linearity of the velocity signal obtained in the sensing coil, whose correlation with a straight line was around 0.99987 for a triangular reference waveform.

Research paper thumbnail of Aplicación de indicadores que permitirán evaluar el capital intelectual en la Sucursal Extrahotelera NIUS

Observatorio de la Economía …, 2010

Page 1. Aplicación de indicadores que permitirán evaluar el capital intelectual en la Sucursal Ex... more Page 1. Aplicación de indicadores que permitirán evaluar el capital intelectual en la Sucursal Extrahotelera NIUS. Lic Ángel Bezabel Peña Velásquez1 bezabel@minturlt.co.cu Dr. C. Luís O. Aguilera García2 MsC. Geovani Alejandro Pablos Solís3 geovanips@ult.edu.cu ...

Research paper thumbnail of Nuevo Dato en La Distribucion De Podiceps Occipitalis en Bolivia

Page 1. Kempffiana 2006 2(1):106-108 ISSN: 1991-4652 NUEVO DATO EN LA DISTRIBUCION DE PODICEPS OC... more Page 1. Kempffiana 2006 2(1):106-108 ISSN: 1991-4652 NUEVO DATO EN LA DISTRIBUCION DE PODICEPS OCCIPITALIS EN BOLIVIA NEW DATA IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF PODICEPS OCCIPITALIS IN BOLIVIA Oswaldo ...

Research paper thumbnail of Manifiesto. Historia disidente y militante

… : revista digital de …, 2007

... de Barquisimeto “Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa” (UCLA-UPEL-IPB), iniciada por Federico Brito F... more ... de Barquisimeto “Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa” (UCLA-UPEL-IPB), iniciada por Federico Brito Figueroa, continuada por Reinaldo Rojas y Dulce Marrufo. Son, en ... Anotada por Étienne Bloch, Prefacio Jacques Le Goff. México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2001 Page 3. 3 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Cats Affected by Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2000

A set of 180 hospitalized or outdoor feline patients was examined for the presence of antibodies ... more A set of 180 hospitalized or outdoor feline patients was examined for the presence of antibodies to feline coronavirus (FeCoV) and clinical signs of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The numbers of serologically and clinically positive cats were 55 (30.6%) and 35, respectively. The effusive and noneffusive forms of FIP were diagnosed in 24 and 11 animals, respectively. The most apparent signs, irrespective of the form of infection, included anorexia, lethargy, ischemic mucosae, and undernutrition. Hematological and immunological profiles of 14 FIP patients were compared with those found in a control group of 36 clinically normal and FeCoV-negative animals. A significant increase in the number of neutrophilic granulocytes was observed in the FIP patients (FIV-/FeLVcats with effusive form) and a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes were observed in the FIP patients. Eosinopenia was also found in patients affected by the effusive form. No alteration of the phagocytic activity (ingestion of particles, chemiluminiscence) due to FIP was demonstrable. The blastic transformation test (stimulation with Con A, PHA, or PWM) showed a marked decrease in the activity of lymphocytes in the FIP patients. Concentrations of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes were increased in the affected animals. The expression of the lymphocyte surface antigens CD4, CD5, CD8, and CD21 was studied in a selected subgroup of the patients using flow cytometry. The results indicate an impairment of the activity of the immune system due to FIP. Therefore, treatment of FIP with immunosuppressive drugs is considered inappropriate.