Antoneta Granic - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Antoneta Granic

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel, 2008

Einleitung: Das obstruktive Schlafapnoe-Syndrom (OSAS) ist die wichtigste Atemstorung im Schlaf. ... more Einleitung: Das obstruktive Schlafapnoe-Syndrom (OSAS) ist die wichtigste Atemstorung im Schlaf. Sie liegt definitionsgemas beim Zusammentreffen einer obstruktiven Schlafapnoe (OSA) mit dem Hauptsymptom des OSAS, der exzessiven Tagesschlafrigkeit, vor. In den Industrienationen besteht bei 2% der Frauen und 4% der Manner im mittleren Alter ein klinisch relevantes OSAS. Diskutiert wird, ob die Pravalenz des OSAS bei Patienten mit D. m. deutlich erhoht ist. Methodik: Insgesamt wurde bei 65 Menschen mit insulinpflichtigen Typ 2 D. m. ein ambulantes Screening auf das eventuelle Vorliegen einer schlafbezogenen Atemstorung durchgefuhrt. Das erhohte Risiko fur das Vorliegen eines OSAS wurde bei einem AHI Index >5/h definiert, wobei eine Apnoe bzw. Hypopnoe als solche gewertet wurde, wenn sie eine Dauer von 10 Sekunden nicht unterschritt. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt nahmen 65 Pat. an den Screeninguntersuchungen teil, wobei nur die Daten von 47 Pat. (Alter 60,3±9,7J., Diab.-Dauer 10,0±9,4J., BMI 34,0±6,0kg/m2, HbA1c 8,6±2,0% RR 139±13/81±9mmHg), in die Analyse einflossen. Bei 13 Patienten lag die Aufzeichnungszeit unter 3 Stunden, so dass eine adaquate Beurteilung der Messgrosen nicht moglich war und bei weiteren 5 Patienten kam auf Grund von technischen Problemen uberhaupt keine Aufzeichnung zu Stande. 29 (61,7%) der Pat. wiesen einen AHI>5/h und somit ein erhohtes Risiko fur das Vorliegen eines OSAS auf. Es fanden sich keine statistisch signifikanten Assoziationen bezuglich des Alters 60,9±8,6 vs. 59,5±11,4 in Jahren (p=0,43), der Diabetesdauer 8,7±7,4 vs. 12,0±11,8 in Jahren (p=0,08), des BMI 33,7±5,7 vs. 34,4±6,6 in Kg/m2 (p=0,44), des syst. Blutdrucks 139±12 vs. 139±13 in mm/Hg (p=0,86), des diast. Blutdrucks 81±10 vs. 81±7 in mm/Hg (p=0,37) und des HbA1c 8,9±2,2 vs. 8,1±1,5 in% (p=0,28) bei Patienten mit einem AHI >5/h vs. Pat. mit einem AHI <5/h. Lediglich beim Geschlecht zeigte sich als Trend, dass mehr Manner als Frauen 21 vs. 8 (p=0,057) einen AHI uber 5 aufwiesen. Schlussfolgerungen: Insgesamt zeigte sich in der Gruppe der 47 analysierten insulinpflichtigen Typ-2-Diabetiker eine sehr hohe Pravalenz von Probanden die laut erhobenen Screeningbefund ein hohes Risiko fur das Vorliegen einer schlafbezogenen Atemstorung haben. Ob die Pravalenz der schlafbezogenen Atemstorungen bei insulinpflichtigen Diabetikern tatsachlich derart hoch ist, kann auch auf Grund einiger limitierender Faktoren, aus dieser Untersuchung nicht geschlussfolgert werden. Trotzdem sollte dem Screening auf eine schlafbezogene Atemstorung, im Zuge eines multifaktoriellen Behandlunsansatzes bei Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus, erhohte Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden, zumal es eine nicht invasible Masnahme darstellt, auch wenn der Grund fur die erhohte Pravalenz des Schlafapnoesyndroms bei Diabetikern moglicherweise nur in einer Koexistenz der mit beiden Krankheiten, haufig assoziierten Adipositas liegt.

PLOS ONE, 2019

Background Higher physical activity (PA) has been linked to better health and functioning. Trajec... more Background Higher physical activity (PA) has been linked to better health and functioning. Trajectories of PA and associated factors have been studied in older adults aged �65, but less is known about influences on PA change in the very old (aged �85). Objective To investigate factors associated with self-reported PA and PA change over time in very old adults. Methods 845 participants in the Newcastle 85+ Study were followed for health and functioning at 1.5-, 3-, and 5-year follow-up (wave 2 to 4). PA scores (range 0-18) and PA levels (low (PA scores 0-1), medium (2-6) and high (7-18)) were determined using a purpose-designed PA questionnaire. We used linear mixed models (LMM) to investigate factors associated with 5year change in PA scores. Results Overall, men had higher mean PA scores than women (up to 2.27 points). The highest proportion of participants (42-48%) had medium levels of PA across the waves. Although most experienced decline-stability in moderate and increases in high PA levels were also observed. The fully adjusted LMM revealed a curvilinear annual decline in PA scores of 0.52 (0.13) (β (SE), p<0.001), which decelerated by 0.07 (0.02) points (p<0.01) over time. The factors associated with low PA scores at baseline were female gender, higher waist-hip ratio, and no alcohol intake. Better self-rated and cognitive health and having fewer diseases

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 2021

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 2022

IntroductionResistance exercise has been shown to improve muscle health in older adults and is re... more IntroductionResistance exercise has been shown to improve muscle health in older adults and is recommended as a front-line treatment for many health conditions, including sarcopenia and frailty. However, despite considerable research detailing the potential benefits of resistance exercise programmes, little is known about how older adults recover from individual exercise sessions. This scoping review will examine the current evidence surrounding the acute post-exercise effects of resistance exercise and the exercise recovery process in older adults to inform future research and exercise prescription guidelines for older adults.Methods and analysisThe methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005) will be applied for this scoping review. A systematic search of five online databases and the hand-searching of reference lists of identified articles will be used to identify relevant papers. Studies that aim to measure exercise-induced muscle damage or exercise recovery following ...

Data analysis plan and data code (syntax) for the secondary data analysis of the Newcastle 85+ St... more Data analysis plan and data code (syntax) for the secondary data analysis of the Newcastle 85+ Study data for the manuscript entitled 'Immunosenescence profiles are not associated with muscle strength, physical performance and sarcopenia in very old adults: The Newcastle 85+ Study'. This study reanalyzed data that are publicly available from the Newcastle 85+ Study website at the https://research.ncl.ac.uk/85plus/. This file contains details how data were processed.

Part of the American Studies Commons, and the Other Medical Specialties Commons This Dissertation... more Part of the American Studies Commons, and the Other Medical Specialties Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact

Background: Alzheimer Disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neuronal death in the cortex a... more Background: Alzheimer Disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neuronal death in the cortex and hippocampus. In postmortem human brain regions exhibiting known pathological features of AD (amyloid aggregates, oxidative damage, inflammation) aberrant expression of cell cycle proteins has also been observed. These observations, and related mechanistic studies demonstrate the role of cell cycle proteins in neuronal death AD. The transcription factors p53 and E2F1 are fundamental regulators of cell cycle progression and apoptosis, and their roles in neuronal death have been demonstrated. The main p53 regulators in mitotic cells are murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and its homologue, MDMX. In dividing cells, MDM2 and MDMX inhibit pro-apoptotic functions of p53 and E2F1. The functions of MDM2 and MDMX in neurons are largely unexplored. However, a neuroprotective role for these proteins has been previously suggested by observations in MDM2or MDMX-null mice as well as in vitro models of ne...

Nutrients, 2021

Frailty is a syndrome of growing importance given the global ageing population. While frailty is ... more Frailty is a syndrome of growing importance given the global ageing population. While frailty is a multifactorial process, poor nutritional status is considered a key contributor to its pathophysiology. As nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for frailty, strategies to prevent and treat frailty should consider dietary change. Observational evidence linking nutrition with frailty appears most robust for dietary quality: for example, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet appear to be protective. In addition, research on specific foods, such as a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables and lower consumption of ultra-processed foods are consistent, with healthier profiles linked to lower frailty risk. Few dietary intervention studies have been conducted to date, although a growing number of trials that combine supplementation with exercise training suggest a multi-domain approach may be more effective. This review is based on an interdisciplinary workshop, held in November...

IntroductionSarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass, carries a sign... more IntroductionSarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass, carries a significant burden for affected individuals. There has been little investigation of sarcopenia using experimental medicine techniques to study human muscle tissue in detail. The aim of the Muscle Ageing Sarcopenia Studies Lifecourse (MASS_Lifecourse) study is to recruit up to 160 participants, equally divided between females and males between ages 45 and 85 years for detailed phenotyping of skeletal muscle health. Here we describe the protocol for the study and the characteristics of the first 80 participants.MethodsWe are recruiting participants from three sources in the north-east of England. Study fieldwork comprises a home visit (or videocall) for consent and assessment of health, cognition, lifestyle, and wellbeing. This is followed by a visit to a clinical research facility for assessment of sarcopenia status and collection of samples including a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy. We prod...

Subcellular Biochemistry, 2018

One hundred years has passed since the discovery of vitamin D as the active component of cod-live... more One hundred years has passed since the discovery of vitamin D as the active component of cod-liver oil which cured the bone disease rickets. Since then our knowledge of vitamin D has expanded tremendously and has included recognition of the importance of UV radiation as a source of the vitamin as well as the discovery of the vitamin as a nutrient, a pro-hormone and a potent steroid hormone with a major role in calcium and bone metabolism. In the last 25 years or so, the discovery of the vitamin D receptor in over 30 different body tissues together with the existence of the alpha-1-hydroxylase enzyme in these tissues provided evidence of a pleiotropic role of vitamin D outside its classical role in the skeleton. These important discoveries have provided the basis for the increasing interest in vitamin D in the context of nutritional requirements for health including the prevention of chronic diseases of ageing. The recent publication of the Dietary Reference Intake report on vitamin D and calcium by the North American Institute of Medicine (IOM) is the most comprehensive report to date on the basis for setting nutritional requirements for vitamin D. This chapter will summarize the nutritional aspects of vitamin D and discuss the changes in vitamin D metabolism and requirements with ageing. It will summarize key evidence on the relationship between vitamin D status and some of the main ageing related health outcomes including bone, muscle and cognitive health as well as survival focusing on the published literature in very-old adults (those >= 85 years of age).

Frontiers in Nutrition, 2021

Resistance exercise is a widely advocated treatment for improving muscle strength and performance... more Resistance exercise is a widely advocated treatment for improving muscle strength and performance in older adults. Maximizing the benefit of resistance exercise by ensuring optimal recovery is an important aim and studies are now seeking interventions to expedite exercise recovery in older people. A recovery strategy that has acquired considerable interest is the consumption of protein, and more recently, the consumption of protein-rich whole foods. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of community-dwelling older adults, and determine their knowledge of exercise recovery strategies, their preferences for recovery strategies, and their attitudes toward using whole foods, such as milk as a post-exercise recovery aid. Two hundred ninety-one older adults (74 ± 4 years) were recruited to complete a self-administered online survey. A mixed methods approach was used to gather in-depth data from the cohort. Participants were asked to complete a combination of free-text (open-ende...

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 2020

Nutrients, 2020

Decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) accelerates with age, leading to advers... more Decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) accelerates with age, leading to adverse health outcomes and poor quality of life. Diet plays a crucial role in muscle ageing being an important element of a healthy lifestyle. However, unlike single nutrients, such as dietary protein, or dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the relationship between individual whole foods and muscle health has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to investigate which whole foods (meat, fish, eggs, fruit and vegetables, and non-liquid dairy) may be beneficial (myoprotective) for ageing muscle and sarcopenia in adults aged ≥ 50 years. Nineteen observational and nine intervention studies were identified through systematic searches of the four electronic databases (last search: March 2020). The synthesis of findings showed strong and consistent evidence for a beneficial effect of lean red meat on muscle mass or lean tissue mass in both observational and intervention studies. H...

Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2020

Skeletal muscle aging manifests as a decline in muscle quantity and quality that accelerates with... more Skeletal muscle aging manifests as a decline in muscle quantity and quality that accelerates with aging, increasing the risk of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is characterized by a loss of muscle strength and mass, and contributes to adverse health outcomes in older adults. Intervention studies have shown that sarcopenia may be treated by higher protein intake in combination with resistance exercise (RE). In comparison, less is known about the role of whole protein-containing foods in preventing or treating sarcopenia. Liquid milk contains multiple nutrients and bioactive components that may be beneficial for muscle, including proteins for muscle anabolism that, alone or with RE, may have myoprotective properties. However, there is a lack of evidence about the role of milk and its effects on muscle aging. This narrative review considers evidence from three observational and eight intervention studies that used milk or fortified milk, with or without exercise, as an intervention to promote muscle health and function in older adults (aged 50-99 years). The observational studies showed no association between higher habitual milk consumption and muscle-related outcomes. The results of intervention studies using fortified milk in relation to elements of sarcopenia were also negative, with further inconclusive results from the studies using a combination of (fortified) milk and exercise. Although milk contains nutrients that may be myoprotective, current evidence does not show beneficial effects of milk on muscle health in older adults. This could be due to high habitual protein intakes (>1.0 g/kg BW/d) in study participants, differences in the type of milk (low-fat vs whole) and timing of milk consumption, length of interventions, as well as differences in the sarcopenia status of participants in trials. Adequately powered intervention studies of individuals likely to benefit are needed to test the effectiveness of a whole food approach, including milk, for healthy muscle aging.

Experimental Gerontology, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 2020

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate motivators and barriers to older adults engagi... more Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate motivators and barriers to older adults engaging in a nutrition and resistance exercise (RE) intervention for sarcopenia. Methods: We conducted a content analysis of structured interviews with 29 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65–80 years) completing the MIlk Intervention Muscle AgeiNg (MIlkMAN) study. Results: Content analysis revealed that self-perceived improved health, knowledge acquisition in nutrition and exercise, social well-being, professional support in a fun environment, and positive reported outcomes were motivators for engagement in the intervention. Peer encouragement, social bonds, and their retention were motivators to continuing engagement after study completion, especially in widowed women. Barriers to maintenance included affordability, environmental factors, and concerns over negative health outcomes. Discussion: Nutrition and RE interventions for sarcopenia should focus on knowledge acquisition about thei...

Nutrients, 2019

Much has been achieved by recent research to increase understanding of the links between nutritio... more Much has been achieved by recent research to increase understanding of the links between nutrition and muscle health. Focusing on muscle strength as the key component of sarcopenia, the aim of this overview was to evaluate its links to nutrition, both to variation in habitual diets in older populations, as well as considering supplementation effects in trials. A main message from the reviewed studies is that while many provide suggestive evidence of benefits of higher nutrient intakes and diets of higher quality, findings are inconsistent, and data on muscle strength are often lacking. To assess the potential of optimising diets as a strategy to promote and maintain muscle strength, gaps in current evidence need to be addressed. These include the need for (i) better understanding of individual differences in responsiveness to dietary change, and the need for targeted nutritional support; (ii) clearer distinction between protective and therapeutic actions of diet; and (iii) definitio...

Frontiers in Genetics, 2019

Evidence from multiple laboratories has accumulated to show that mosaic neuronal aneuploidy and c... more Evidence from multiple laboratories has accumulated to show that mosaic neuronal aneuploidy and consequent apoptosis characterizes and may underlie neuronal loss in many neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Furthermore, several neurodevelopmental disorders, including Seckel syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, Nijmegen breakage syndrome, Niemann-Pick type C, and Down syndrome, have been shown to also exhibit mosaic aneuploidy in neurons in the brain and in other cells throughout the body. Together, these results indicate that both neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders with apparently different pathogenic causes share a cell cycle defect that leads to mosaic aneuploidy in many cell types. When such mosaic aneuploidy arises in neurons in the brain, it promotes apoptosis and may at least partly underlie the cognitive deficits that characterize the neurological symptoms of these disorders. These findings have implications for both diagnosis and treatment/prevention.

BMJ Open, 2019

IntroductionSarcopenia is a progressive muscle disorder characterised by decline in skeletal musc... more IntroductionSarcopenia is a progressive muscle disorder characterised by decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function leading to adverse health outcomes, including falls, frailty, poor quality of life and death. It occurs more commonly in older people and can be accelerated by poor diet and low physical activity. Intervention studies incorporating higher dietary protein intakes or protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise (RE) have been shown to limit muscle function decline. However, less is known about the role of whole foods in reducing the risk of sarcopenia. Milk is a source of high-quality nutrients, which may be beneficial for skeletal muscle. This pilot study examines the feasibility and acceptability of milk consumption with RE to improve muscle function in community-dwelling older adults at risk of sarcopenia.Methods and analysis30 older adults aged ≥65 years will be randomly allocated to three groups: ‘whole milk+RE’, ‘skimmed milk+RE’ or ‘contro...

Nutrients, 2019

In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health... more In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A...

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel, 2008

Einleitung: Das obstruktive Schlafapnoe-Syndrom (OSAS) ist die wichtigste Atemstorung im Schlaf. ... more Einleitung: Das obstruktive Schlafapnoe-Syndrom (OSAS) ist die wichtigste Atemstorung im Schlaf. Sie liegt definitionsgemas beim Zusammentreffen einer obstruktiven Schlafapnoe (OSA) mit dem Hauptsymptom des OSAS, der exzessiven Tagesschlafrigkeit, vor. In den Industrienationen besteht bei 2% der Frauen und 4% der Manner im mittleren Alter ein klinisch relevantes OSAS. Diskutiert wird, ob die Pravalenz des OSAS bei Patienten mit D. m. deutlich erhoht ist. Methodik: Insgesamt wurde bei 65 Menschen mit insulinpflichtigen Typ 2 D. m. ein ambulantes Screening auf das eventuelle Vorliegen einer schlafbezogenen Atemstorung durchgefuhrt. Das erhohte Risiko fur das Vorliegen eines OSAS wurde bei einem AHI Index >5/h definiert, wobei eine Apnoe bzw. Hypopnoe als solche gewertet wurde, wenn sie eine Dauer von 10 Sekunden nicht unterschritt. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt nahmen 65 Pat. an den Screeninguntersuchungen teil, wobei nur die Daten von 47 Pat. (Alter 60,3±9,7J., Diab.-Dauer 10,0±9,4J., BMI 34,0±6,0kg/m2, HbA1c 8,6±2,0% RR 139±13/81±9mmHg), in die Analyse einflossen. Bei 13 Patienten lag die Aufzeichnungszeit unter 3 Stunden, so dass eine adaquate Beurteilung der Messgrosen nicht moglich war und bei weiteren 5 Patienten kam auf Grund von technischen Problemen uberhaupt keine Aufzeichnung zu Stande. 29 (61,7%) der Pat. wiesen einen AHI>5/h und somit ein erhohtes Risiko fur das Vorliegen eines OSAS auf. Es fanden sich keine statistisch signifikanten Assoziationen bezuglich des Alters 60,9±8,6 vs. 59,5±11,4 in Jahren (p=0,43), der Diabetesdauer 8,7±7,4 vs. 12,0±11,8 in Jahren (p=0,08), des BMI 33,7±5,7 vs. 34,4±6,6 in Kg/m2 (p=0,44), des syst. Blutdrucks 139±12 vs. 139±13 in mm/Hg (p=0,86), des diast. Blutdrucks 81±10 vs. 81±7 in mm/Hg (p=0,37) und des HbA1c 8,9±2,2 vs. 8,1±1,5 in% (p=0,28) bei Patienten mit einem AHI >5/h vs. Pat. mit einem AHI <5/h. Lediglich beim Geschlecht zeigte sich als Trend, dass mehr Manner als Frauen 21 vs. 8 (p=0,057) einen AHI uber 5 aufwiesen. Schlussfolgerungen: Insgesamt zeigte sich in der Gruppe der 47 analysierten insulinpflichtigen Typ-2-Diabetiker eine sehr hohe Pravalenz von Probanden die laut erhobenen Screeningbefund ein hohes Risiko fur das Vorliegen einer schlafbezogenen Atemstorung haben. Ob die Pravalenz der schlafbezogenen Atemstorungen bei insulinpflichtigen Diabetikern tatsachlich derart hoch ist, kann auch auf Grund einiger limitierender Faktoren, aus dieser Untersuchung nicht geschlussfolgert werden. Trotzdem sollte dem Screening auf eine schlafbezogene Atemstorung, im Zuge eines multifaktoriellen Behandlunsansatzes bei Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus, erhohte Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden, zumal es eine nicht invasible Masnahme darstellt, auch wenn der Grund fur die erhohte Pravalenz des Schlafapnoesyndroms bei Diabetikern moglicherweise nur in einer Koexistenz der mit beiden Krankheiten, haufig assoziierten Adipositas liegt.

PLOS ONE, 2019

Background Higher physical activity (PA) has been linked to better health and functioning. Trajec... more Background Higher physical activity (PA) has been linked to better health and functioning. Trajectories of PA and associated factors have been studied in older adults aged �65, but less is known about influences on PA change in the very old (aged �85). Objective To investigate factors associated with self-reported PA and PA change over time in very old adults. Methods 845 participants in the Newcastle 85+ Study were followed for health and functioning at 1.5-, 3-, and 5-year follow-up (wave 2 to 4). PA scores (range 0-18) and PA levels (low (PA scores 0-1), medium (2-6) and high (7-18)) were determined using a purpose-designed PA questionnaire. We used linear mixed models (LMM) to investigate factors associated with 5year change in PA scores. Results Overall, men had higher mean PA scores than women (up to 2.27 points). The highest proportion of participants (42-48%) had medium levels of PA across the waves. Although most experienced decline-stability in moderate and increases in high PA levels were also observed. The fully adjusted LMM revealed a curvilinear annual decline in PA scores of 0.52 (0.13) (β (SE), p<0.001), which decelerated by 0.07 (0.02) points (p<0.01) over time. The factors associated with low PA scores at baseline were female gender, higher waist-hip ratio, and no alcohol intake. Better self-rated and cognitive health and having fewer diseases

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 2021

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 2022

IntroductionResistance exercise has been shown to improve muscle health in older adults and is re... more IntroductionResistance exercise has been shown to improve muscle health in older adults and is recommended as a front-line treatment for many health conditions, including sarcopenia and frailty. However, despite considerable research detailing the potential benefits of resistance exercise programmes, little is known about how older adults recover from individual exercise sessions. This scoping review will examine the current evidence surrounding the acute post-exercise effects of resistance exercise and the exercise recovery process in older adults to inform future research and exercise prescription guidelines for older adults.Methods and analysisThe methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005) will be applied for this scoping review. A systematic search of five online databases and the hand-searching of reference lists of identified articles will be used to identify relevant papers. Studies that aim to measure exercise-induced muscle damage or exercise recovery following ...

Data analysis plan and data code (syntax) for the secondary data analysis of the Newcastle 85+ St... more Data analysis plan and data code (syntax) for the secondary data analysis of the Newcastle 85+ Study data for the manuscript entitled 'Immunosenescence profiles are not associated with muscle strength, physical performance and sarcopenia in very old adults: The Newcastle 85+ Study'. This study reanalyzed data that are publicly available from the Newcastle 85+ Study website at the https://research.ncl.ac.uk/85plus/. This file contains details how data were processed.

Part of the American Studies Commons, and the Other Medical Specialties Commons This Dissertation... more Part of the American Studies Commons, and the Other Medical Specialties Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact

Background: Alzheimer Disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neuronal death in the cortex a... more Background: Alzheimer Disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neuronal death in the cortex and hippocampus. In postmortem human brain regions exhibiting known pathological features of AD (amyloid aggregates, oxidative damage, inflammation) aberrant expression of cell cycle proteins has also been observed. These observations, and related mechanistic studies demonstrate the role of cell cycle proteins in neuronal death AD. The transcription factors p53 and E2F1 are fundamental regulators of cell cycle progression and apoptosis, and their roles in neuronal death have been demonstrated. The main p53 regulators in mitotic cells are murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and its homologue, MDMX. In dividing cells, MDM2 and MDMX inhibit pro-apoptotic functions of p53 and E2F1. The functions of MDM2 and MDMX in neurons are largely unexplored. However, a neuroprotective role for these proteins has been previously suggested by observations in MDM2or MDMX-null mice as well as in vitro models of ne...

Nutrients, 2021

Frailty is a syndrome of growing importance given the global ageing population. While frailty is ... more Frailty is a syndrome of growing importance given the global ageing population. While frailty is a multifactorial process, poor nutritional status is considered a key contributor to its pathophysiology. As nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for frailty, strategies to prevent and treat frailty should consider dietary change. Observational evidence linking nutrition with frailty appears most robust for dietary quality: for example, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet appear to be protective. In addition, research on specific foods, such as a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables and lower consumption of ultra-processed foods are consistent, with healthier profiles linked to lower frailty risk. Few dietary intervention studies have been conducted to date, although a growing number of trials that combine supplementation with exercise training suggest a multi-domain approach may be more effective. This review is based on an interdisciplinary workshop, held in November...

IntroductionSarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass, carries a sign... more IntroductionSarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass, carries a significant burden for affected individuals. There has been little investigation of sarcopenia using experimental medicine techniques to study human muscle tissue in detail. The aim of the Muscle Ageing Sarcopenia Studies Lifecourse (MASS_Lifecourse) study is to recruit up to 160 participants, equally divided between females and males between ages 45 and 85 years for detailed phenotyping of skeletal muscle health. Here we describe the protocol for the study and the characteristics of the first 80 participants.MethodsWe are recruiting participants from three sources in the north-east of England. Study fieldwork comprises a home visit (or videocall) for consent and assessment of health, cognition, lifestyle, and wellbeing. This is followed by a visit to a clinical research facility for assessment of sarcopenia status and collection of samples including a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy. We prod...

Subcellular Biochemistry, 2018

One hundred years has passed since the discovery of vitamin D as the active component of cod-live... more One hundred years has passed since the discovery of vitamin D as the active component of cod-liver oil which cured the bone disease rickets. Since then our knowledge of vitamin D has expanded tremendously and has included recognition of the importance of UV radiation as a source of the vitamin as well as the discovery of the vitamin as a nutrient, a pro-hormone and a potent steroid hormone with a major role in calcium and bone metabolism. In the last 25 years or so, the discovery of the vitamin D receptor in over 30 different body tissues together with the existence of the alpha-1-hydroxylase enzyme in these tissues provided evidence of a pleiotropic role of vitamin D outside its classical role in the skeleton. These important discoveries have provided the basis for the increasing interest in vitamin D in the context of nutritional requirements for health including the prevention of chronic diseases of ageing. The recent publication of the Dietary Reference Intake report on vitamin D and calcium by the North American Institute of Medicine (IOM) is the most comprehensive report to date on the basis for setting nutritional requirements for vitamin D. This chapter will summarize the nutritional aspects of vitamin D and discuss the changes in vitamin D metabolism and requirements with ageing. It will summarize key evidence on the relationship between vitamin D status and some of the main ageing related health outcomes including bone, muscle and cognitive health as well as survival focusing on the published literature in very-old adults (those >= 85 years of age).

Frontiers in Nutrition, 2021

Resistance exercise is a widely advocated treatment for improving muscle strength and performance... more Resistance exercise is a widely advocated treatment for improving muscle strength and performance in older adults. Maximizing the benefit of resistance exercise by ensuring optimal recovery is an important aim and studies are now seeking interventions to expedite exercise recovery in older people. A recovery strategy that has acquired considerable interest is the consumption of protein, and more recently, the consumption of protein-rich whole foods. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of community-dwelling older adults, and determine their knowledge of exercise recovery strategies, their preferences for recovery strategies, and their attitudes toward using whole foods, such as milk as a post-exercise recovery aid. Two hundred ninety-one older adults (74 ± 4 years) were recruited to complete a self-administered online survey. A mixed methods approach was used to gather in-depth data from the cohort. Participants were asked to complete a combination of free-text (open-ende...

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 2020

Nutrients, 2020

Decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) accelerates with age, leading to advers... more Decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) accelerates with age, leading to adverse health outcomes and poor quality of life. Diet plays a crucial role in muscle ageing being an important element of a healthy lifestyle. However, unlike single nutrients, such as dietary protein, or dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the relationship between individual whole foods and muscle health has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to investigate which whole foods (meat, fish, eggs, fruit and vegetables, and non-liquid dairy) may be beneficial (myoprotective) for ageing muscle and sarcopenia in adults aged ≥ 50 years. Nineteen observational and nine intervention studies were identified through systematic searches of the four electronic databases (last search: March 2020). The synthesis of findings showed strong and consistent evidence for a beneficial effect of lean red meat on muscle mass or lean tissue mass in both observational and intervention studies. H...

Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2020

Skeletal muscle aging manifests as a decline in muscle quantity and quality that accelerates with... more Skeletal muscle aging manifests as a decline in muscle quantity and quality that accelerates with aging, increasing the risk of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is characterized by a loss of muscle strength and mass, and contributes to adverse health outcomes in older adults. Intervention studies have shown that sarcopenia may be treated by higher protein intake in combination with resistance exercise (RE). In comparison, less is known about the role of whole protein-containing foods in preventing or treating sarcopenia. Liquid milk contains multiple nutrients and bioactive components that may be beneficial for muscle, including proteins for muscle anabolism that, alone or with RE, may have myoprotective properties. However, there is a lack of evidence about the role of milk and its effects on muscle aging. This narrative review considers evidence from three observational and eight intervention studies that used milk or fortified milk, with or without exercise, as an intervention to promote muscle health and function in older adults (aged 50-99 years). The observational studies showed no association between higher habitual milk consumption and muscle-related outcomes. The results of intervention studies using fortified milk in relation to elements of sarcopenia were also negative, with further inconclusive results from the studies using a combination of (fortified) milk and exercise. Although milk contains nutrients that may be myoprotective, current evidence does not show beneficial effects of milk on muscle health in older adults. This could be due to high habitual protein intakes (>1.0 g/kg BW/d) in study participants, differences in the type of milk (low-fat vs whole) and timing of milk consumption, length of interventions, as well as differences in the sarcopenia status of participants in trials. Adequately powered intervention studies of individuals likely to benefit are needed to test the effectiveness of a whole food approach, including milk, for healthy muscle aging.

Experimental Gerontology, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 2020

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate motivators and barriers to older adults engagi... more Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate motivators and barriers to older adults engaging in a nutrition and resistance exercise (RE) intervention for sarcopenia. Methods: We conducted a content analysis of structured interviews with 29 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65–80 years) completing the MIlk Intervention Muscle AgeiNg (MIlkMAN) study. Results: Content analysis revealed that self-perceived improved health, knowledge acquisition in nutrition and exercise, social well-being, professional support in a fun environment, and positive reported outcomes were motivators for engagement in the intervention. Peer encouragement, social bonds, and their retention were motivators to continuing engagement after study completion, especially in widowed women. Barriers to maintenance included affordability, environmental factors, and concerns over negative health outcomes. Discussion: Nutrition and RE interventions for sarcopenia should focus on knowledge acquisition about thei...

Nutrients, 2019

Much has been achieved by recent research to increase understanding of the links between nutritio... more Much has been achieved by recent research to increase understanding of the links between nutrition and muscle health. Focusing on muscle strength as the key component of sarcopenia, the aim of this overview was to evaluate its links to nutrition, both to variation in habitual diets in older populations, as well as considering supplementation effects in trials. A main message from the reviewed studies is that while many provide suggestive evidence of benefits of higher nutrient intakes and diets of higher quality, findings are inconsistent, and data on muscle strength are often lacking. To assess the potential of optimising diets as a strategy to promote and maintain muscle strength, gaps in current evidence need to be addressed. These include the need for (i) better understanding of individual differences in responsiveness to dietary change, and the need for targeted nutritional support; (ii) clearer distinction between protective and therapeutic actions of diet; and (iii) definitio...

Frontiers in Genetics, 2019

Evidence from multiple laboratories has accumulated to show that mosaic neuronal aneuploidy and c... more Evidence from multiple laboratories has accumulated to show that mosaic neuronal aneuploidy and consequent apoptosis characterizes and may underlie neuronal loss in many neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Furthermore, several neurodevelopmental disorders, including Seckel syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, Nijmegen breakage syndrome, Niemann-Pick type C, and Down syndrome, have been shown to also exhibit mosaic aneuploidy in neurons in the brain and in other cells throughout the body. Together, these results indicate that both neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders with apparently different pathogenic causes share a cell cycle defect that leads to mosaic aneuploidy in many cell types. When such mosaic aneuploidy arises in neurons in the brain, it promotes apoptosis and may at least partly underlie the cognitive deficits that characterize the neurological symptoms of these disorders. These findings have implications for both diagnosis and treatment/prevention.

BMJ Open, 2019

IntroductionSarcopenia is a progressive muscle disorder characterised by decline in skeletal musc... more IntroductionSarcopenia is a progressive muscle disorder characterised by decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function leading to adverse health outcomes, including falls, frailty, poor quality of life and death. It occurs more commonly in older people and can be accelerated by poor diet and low physical activity. Intervention studies incorporating higher dietary protein intakes or protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise (RE) have been shown to limit muscle function decline. However, less is known about the role of whole foods in reducing the risk of sarcopenia. Milk is a source of high-quality nutrients, which may be beneficial for skeletal muscle. This pilot study examines the feasibility and acceptability of milk consumption with RE to improve muscle function in community-dwelling older adults at risk of sarcopenia.Methods and analysis30 older adults aged ≥65 years will be randomly allocated to three groups: ‘whole milk+RE’, ‘skimmed milk+RE’ or ‘contro...

Nutrients, 2019

In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health... more In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A...