Probodh Borah - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Probodh Borah

Microbiology research, Mar 1, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

International Journal of Chemical Studies, Mar 1, 2018

The study was conducted to investigate the polymorphism in κ-Casein (κ-Cn) gene in indigenous cat... more The study was conducted to investigate the polymorphism in κ-Casein (κ-Cn) gene in indigenous cattle of Assam. Genomic DNA from 53 indigenous cattle was extracted and used to study the polymorphism in κ-Cn gene using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. A PCR product of 351 bp obtained upon amplification was subsequently digested with restriction endonuclease HinfI and yieldedtwo types of restriction pattern; three fragments of 131, 131 and 89 bp representing AA genotype and, four fragments of 262, 131, 131 and 89 bp representing AB genotype. The frequencies of alleles A and B were found to be 0.6510 and 0.3491 and those of AA and AB genotypes 0.4237 and 0.4545 respectively. The population under study did not show the presence of genotype BB for κ-Cn locus. From the present study it could be concluded that the frequency of allele A was higher than that of allele B in the indigenous cattle with a higher frequency of AB genotype (AB>AA) and Chi-square (χ 2) test revealed that the population under study was not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.

Biological Rhythm Research, May 19, 2019

The conventional faecal examination fails to detect the visceral schistosomosis accurately, hence... more The conventional faecal examination fails to detect the visceral schistosomosis accurately, hence examination of slaughtered animals are imperative. Therefore, both faecal samples and slaughtered animals were examined to record the prevalence of visceral schistosomosis caused by Schistosoma spindale. A total of 420 faecal samples were collected before slaughter of the animals. The collected mesenteries and livers were collected and examined post slaughter. Coprological examination revealed average of 10.00% infection rate with S. spindale, while 25% infection rate on detection of worm pairs in mesenteric and portal veins examination reflecting the higher prevalence in older animals (8-<8 years) and lowest in younger animals (2-<4 years). The study also revealed that S. spindale infection based on worm pair detection showed an increasing trend from the month of June onward reached highest and lowest peak in the month of July and March, respectively while in coprological examination the highest peak was observed in August and the lowest in March. The morphologically identified adult fluke was authenticated through amplification of 28S RNA gene and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Hence, both slaughtered animal examination and molecular techniques can be applied for surveillance of schistosomosis for effective control measures.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) comes under the family Flaviviridae and genus flavivirus. It pr... more Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) comes under the family Flaviviridae and genus flavivirus. It predominantly infects the children under the age of 10 years and the case fatality rate can stretch out as high as 30%. Pigs act as reservoir and amplifying intermediate host for JEV. Recent report suggested longer persistence of JEV in tonsil than in circulation of experimentally infected pigs. The current investigation was conducted to understand the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of JEV infection in pigs in three different geographical sites in India (Odisha, Assam and Manipur). Serum samples were tested by ELISA and RT-PCR for detection of JEV, while only RT-PCR was done in case of tonsils tissues collected from pigs slaughtered in abattoir. Prevalence of JEV was highest in Manipur (25.45% in serum and 10.08% in tonsil) but lower in Assam (3.75% in serum and 0% in tonsils) and Odisha (1.49% in serum and 3.7% in tonsils). The percentage of sero-positivity was found to be 3.75% of IgM and 9.9% of IgG in Assam and Odisha respectively. Genotype III (GIII) of JEV was the dominant genotype and sporadic mutations of S83G, H76P, E78Q, C55S, and S64W along with two consistent mutations V46S and V51I were observed in all the GIII strains. Analysis of the E gene sequence revealed a single mutation, S118N in the GI strain. Older pigs (above 7 months) were found to be infected relatively more (8.6%) than younger pigs (age group 3-7 months). In conclusion, the high JE virus infection rate of pig in the current locations suggests the need for continuous surveillance of this virus in pigs which will ultimately help to adopt an effective control strategy to prevent the spread of JE infection to human. .

Microbiology resource announcements, Nov 17, 2022

African swine fever virus (ASFV) entered the northeastern (NE) part of India early in 2020, causi... more African swine fever virus (ASFV) entered the northeastern (NE) part of India early in 2020, causing huge economic loss to the piggery sector. Here, we are presenting a brief report on the draft genome sequence of an ASFV strain ABTCVSCK_ASF007 from Assam state of NE India belonging to genotype II.

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Sep 15, 2021

Journal of Veterinary parasitology, 2020

Biological Rhythm Research, Jan 26, 2020

The susceptibility of larval stages of Schistosoma nasale, S. spindale, S. indicum, amphistomes, ... more The susceptibility of larval stages of Schistosoma nasale, S. spindale, S. indicum, amphistomes, echinostomes, etc., in Indoplanorbis exustus, the snail intermediate host, depends on their age, body weight and other limnological properties. So, a good number of healthy sexually mature I. exustus snails were collected randomly from different water sources of Assam and released in previously prepared biologically balanced aquaria to maintain in laboratory condition to know the biology and development. The newly hatched snails numbering 70 in each group were maintained at laboratory at a constant temperature of 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°and 35°C and room temperature (20.02-31.75°C) which showed maximum survivability at 20°C. The highest growth rates in terms of shell diameter (10.63 ± 0.162 mm) and body weight gain (435.83 ± 23.367 mg) were found to be at room temperature at 6 th week of age. The snails became sexually mature as early as 50 days at 30°C and as longer as 125 days at 20°C. Fluctuating room temperature was found to be more conducive for fecundity wherein as many as 22833 numbers of eggs were hatched out from 1033numbers of egg cluths. It can be concluded that temperatures, therefore, played an important role in regulating survivability, growth, sexual maturity and fecundity.

Journal of Applied Animal Research, Aug 17, 2016

The solute carrier family 11 member A1 (SLC11A1), also known as natural resistance-associated mac... more The solute carrier family 11 member A1 (SLC11A1), also known as natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1), is a divalent transition metal (iron and manganese) transporter involved in iron metabolism and host resistance to certain pathogens. To study the genetic diversity of the SLC11A1 gene in Doom pigs of Assam especially on its evolution and differentiation within and among species, the partial sequence of the SLC11A1 gene was sequenced, characterized and compared with other published sequences of pigs and other species livestock. The gene sequence of Doom pigs showed the highest sequence identity with EF200584.1 (exotic pig) and the lowest similarity AY368475.1 (large white strain 008). One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified in the heterozygous sequence at the 736 bp position (A→G). The sequence showed the highest sequence identity (81.74%) with that of O. aries and the lowest similarity (39.12%) with B. bubalis (Mehsana breed), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Doom pig is more closely related to EU135795.1 (Chinese local pig) and EF200584.1 (Pig, Iowa State University). The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the SLC11A1 gene of Doom pigs could be used for genetic selection with disease-resistance varieties and upgradation of indigenous germplasm of domestic livestock.

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, 2012

Of the 102 samples collected from mammals and birds, both domestic and captive wild, 48 were foun... more Of the 102 samples collected from mammals and birds, both domestic and captive wild, 48 were found to be positive for Clostridium perfringens. Most of the mammal isolates (84.38%) appeared to have been collected from clinically affected animals, while 33.33% of the bird samples were from clinically affected and 21.43% from apparently healthy birds infected with C. perfringens. Isolates revealed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. Among the isolated C. perfringens, 30 (62.50%) showed DNase production. Hemolytic activity was recorded in 14 (24.16%) of the isolates and 28 (58.33%) showed phospholipase C production. All the phospholipase C positive isolates revealed the presence of cpa gene encoding alpha (a) toxin. Of the 102 samples collected from mammals and birds, both domestic and captive wild, 48 were found to be positive for Clostridium perfringens. Most of the mammal isolates (84.38%) appeared to have been collected from clinically affected animals, while 33.33% of the bird samples were from clinically affected and 21.43% from apparently healthy birds infected with C. perfringens. Isolates revealed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. Among the isolated C. perfringens, 30 (62.50%) showed DNase production. Hemolytic activity was recorded in 14 (24.16%) of the isolates and 28 (58.33%) showed phospholipase C production. All the phospholipase C positive isolates revealed the presence of cpa gene encoding a toxin.

Indian Journal of Comparative Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases

International Journal of Livestock Research, 2018

Acta tropica, 2018

Porcine Circovirus type-2 (PCV-2) is considered as a major threat to the piggery sector in India.... more Porcine Circovirus type-2 (PCV-2) is considered as a major threat to the piggery sector in India. To ascertain the epidemiological status and infection level of PCV2, a pilot study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of PCV2 in swine population by ELISA and PCR in the interior and border areas of Meghalaya which includes the area where accessibility and medical aid is a rare phenomenon. A total of 249 serum samples were collected from October 2014 to February 2016 from three divisions of Meghalaya: Khasi, Jaintia and Garo Hills Divisions. The mean positivity of PCV-2 antibodies in suspected sera was 83.93% whereas 62.25% of the suspected samples respectively were found to contain PCV2 as detected by PCR. Additional 190 tissue samples were collected during necropsy from both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals following reported outbreak in this region, which indicated a mean positivity of 18.94% (36/190); out of which 13 samples were subjected to sequencing to find out the ge...

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Leaves of Plantago erosa ex Roxb are used traditionally in Northe... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Leaves of Plantago erosa ex Roxb are used traditionally in Northeast India in different illnesses which include wounds, cuts, bruises, insect bites, poison-ivy rashes, minor sores and snakebite, etc. Aim of the study: Plantago erosa is one of the commonly used medicinal plants in various inflammatory conditions in this region; however, due to paucity of scientific literature on its anti-inflammatory property, the present study was aimed at evaluating its anti-inflammatory activity in the leaves using in vivo models of inflammation. Materials and methods: Different models like carageenan induced paw edema in rat and mice, formalin induced paw licking in rats and cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats were used for studying the anti-inflammatory activity in methanol extract of Plantago erosa (PEME) leaves. Results: The PEME at the oral doses from 300 to 600 mg/kg showed anti-inflammatory activity in various models. The extract (PEME) reduced carageenan induced paw edema in rat and mice, inhibited the formation of granulomatous tissue in cotton pellet induced granuloma after treatment and also decreased the reaction time in both early and late phases in formalin induced paw licking in rats. Conclusion: The study evidently confirmed anti-inflammatory activity of PEME and thus supported the traditional claim. The anti-inflammatory activity could be attributed to the phytoconstituent (flavonoids, alkaloids and steroid) present in the methanol extract of the plant.

Acta virologica, 2019

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects domestic and wild... more Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects domestic and wild pig population. The classical swine fever virus (CSFV) targets immune cells which perturb the immune functions causing immunopathological disorders such as immunosuppression, leukopenia and haemorrhage. In the present study, ELISA and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was employed to determine cytokine profiles in pigs naturally infected with CSFV using whole blood assay (WBA) under field conditions. Significantly higher TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 expression levels were found in unvaccinated pigs infected with CSFV (group B) compared to vaccinated pigs that recovered after CSF (group A), the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.001). However, the expression of IFN-γ was significantly higher in group A compared to group B (p = 0.001). The findings of this field-supported study will help us to understand the immune biology of CSFV infection in infected pigs. The WBA technique can be used as a reliable, fast and feasible in vitro method to assess porcine cellular immune responses as it imitates the porcine blood conditions. Such studies could be of some value in determining the immune status of the ailing animals infected with CSFV.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2019

A study was conducted to compare the efficacy of GnRH and GnRH fortified with bypass fat, mineral... more A study was conducted to compare the efficacy of GnRH and GnRH fortified with bypass fat, minerals and vitamins for treatment of true anoestrus in crossbred cows based on oestrus induction response, post treatment conception rate and blood biochemical constituents. Per cent response to different treatment regimen in terms of manifestation of external signs of oestrus was recorded as 83.33, 50.00 and 83.33 for supportive, GnRH and GnRH + supportive treatment groups respectively. The corresponding post treatment oestrus intervals for the cows under the three treatment groups were 10.60 ± 2.11, 12.67 ± 7.31 and 5.00 ± 1.05 days and the conception rates were 50.00, 50.00 and 50.00 per cent. As regards to blood biochemical constituents studied in true anoestrus crossbred cows it could be mentioned that serum levels of most of the minerals (phosphorus, iron and zinc); reproductive hormone (Oestrogen) and metabolic hormones (leptin, ghrelin and IGF-1) were not found to vary significantly following treatment with different regimens. It can be concluded that Supportive treatment was found to be effective as GnRH in addressing true anoestrus in crossbred cows.

Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics, 2017

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and particularly decreased high density lipoprotein ch... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and particularly decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) dyslipidemia are prevalent in Assam, India. This study was undertaken to investigate whether Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) gene polymorphisms (G-75A and C+83T) were associated with i) the risk for decreased HDL-C, and ii) other CVD risk factors, viz. serum lipids, atherogenic indices, obesity, and blood pressure (BP). A total of 649 subjects were screened, from which 200 eligible individuals, classified as case group with decreased HDL-C levels (100 subjects) and control group with normal HDL-C levels (100 subjects) were enrolled and genotyped using polymersase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing. Lipid fractions [HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides (TG)] and atherogenic indices [Castelli’s Risk Indices-I and -II (CRI-I ...

The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences

The hepato-intestinal schistosomosis, a chronic debilitating infection caused by Schistosoma indi... more The hepato-intestinal schistosomosis, a chronic debilitating infection caused by Schistosoma indicum is one of the major helminthic problems which cause considerable reduction in production and productivity, and economic losses in Assam, India. Hence their accurate diagnosis by traditional and molecular methods is the key to its management. A total of 420 faecal samples and liver and intestinal mesenteries from different slaughter houses of Assam were collected and examined during March 2015 to February 2016 to record the prevalence of visceral schistosomosis. It was observed that prevalence rate of schistosomosis was found to be more in mesenteric and hepatic portal vein examination (12.38%) than the faecal examination (4.52%). The 28S RNA gene (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene of morphologically identified adult S. indicum was amplified with amplicon sizes 590 bp and 372 bp, respectively which could be used as molecular marker for diagnosis S. indic...

Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2021

The Arunachali breed of yak is reared by the Monpa pastoral community of Arunachal Pradesh in Ind... more The Arunachali breed of yak is reared by the Monpa pastoral community of Arunachal Pradesh in India for their livelihood and nutritional security on highland pastures. In addition to fulfilling the basic needs of highlanders, this animal is associated with poor production potential linked to its inherent reproductive problems, including silent oestrus, seasonality, and inbreeding, making yak rearing a less-profitable venture. In the recent past, efforts have been made to improve reproductive efficiency of Arunachali yak through assisted reproductive techniques. However, a few regimens for superovulation have been tried to date with limited success in terms of superovulatory response and embryo recovery. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of two different doses and regimes of superovulation: Stimufol (400 and 200µg per animal) and Folligon (1500 and 1000IU per animal) in Arunachali yak. Twenty-four yaks were allotted in 4 groups (of 6 animals each) a...