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Conference proceedings, 2018

Introduction : viral hemorrhagic fever is a generic term for a severe illness, often accompanied ... more Introduction : viral hemorrhagic fever is a generic term for a severe illness, often accompanied by bleeding and caused by viruses. Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa Virus of the family Arenaviridae. Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria especially Edo State with zero-prevalence of 21% and 28% mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the laboratory based surveillance system for Lassa fever to assess its key attributes and whether it meets its objectives. Methods : an evaluation of the Laboratory based Lassa fever surveillance system was carried out at the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (ILFRC), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State from 2013 to 2015. The evaluation was conducted using the CDC’s updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance system, 2001. The methods included interview of stakeholders and review of documents. Relevant stakeholders were identified and interviewed to obtain their input in describing the system and assessing key attributes of the system. Documents relevant to the surveillance of Lassa fever in Nigeria were also reviewed. Results : out of 3,268 suspected cases screened for Lassa fever from 2013 to 2015, 308 were laboratory confirmed as Lassa fever. The predictive value positive was 9.4%. The case definition for Lassa fever surveillance is simple and easy to apply. The system integrates well with the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system and is representative. The system is flexible as data is also being collected on malaria fever. Data incompleteness for all variables ranged from 7% to 11%. The system is also useful. Stakeholders interviewed agreed that effective Lassa fever surveillance ensured the control and elimination of Lassa fever. Conclusion : Lassa fever surveillance system in ILFRC is meeting its objectives of detecting and controlling the disease in Nigeria. However, the surveillance system has gaps in terms of data quality and completeness. Government should provide more funding and support to the system.

Universal journal of pharmaceutical research, May 15, 2022

Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people... more Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. People living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) are at increased risk of developing this condition. Identification of location-specific factors is crucial to minimizing this presentation in this sub-population. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence, severity, and associated sociodemographic and comorbidity of depression among people living with HIV and AIDS in a laboratory setting in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 282 PLWHA, aged 18 years and over. They receive HIV screening services in the laboratory of the Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa from March to April 2017. Sociodemographic data of respondents and selected comorbidities were collected using a modified structured questionnaire from the World Health Organization STEPS tool. Retrieving CD4+ count results from the laboratory registry, and height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The presence of depression was assessed using the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 tool and performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with depression with a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 40±8.8 years and most of them were females 195 (69.2%). Seventy-five (26.6%) of the respondents were depressed, of whom 10 (13.3%) had severe depression, while 41 (54.7%) had mild depression. The most common symptoms of depression were fatigue (30.1%) and dysphoria (28.7%). There was an association between depression and CD4+ count <350 cells/µL with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14-3.63) and underweight with an aOR of 2.56 (95%CI: 1.01-6.47), while HAART with an aOR of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18-0.84) was associated with decreased odds of developing depression. Conclusion: Depression appeared among a significant proportion of people living with HIV and AIDS in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria, and fatigue was the most common symptom of depression. Lack of HAART, low CD4+ count, and being underweight appear to be the major factors negatively associated with depression. There is therefore a need to ensure people living with HIV and AIDS continue to receive HAART to improve CD4+ count and increase BMI.

Conference proceedings, 2018

Introduction : lassa fever (LF) is an epidemic-prone viral haemorrhagic disease caused by the Las... more Introduction : lassa fever (LF) is an epidemic-prone viral haemorrhagic disease caused by the Lassa virus. However, prompt patients’ isolation, good infection control practices and contact tracing are important in outbreak control. On January 8, 2016, the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health was alerted of an ongoing outbreak of Lassa fever across states including Edo State. We investigated to establish the existence of the outbreak, contact tracing, monitoring, described the outbreak and assessed infection control measures in Edo State. Methods : we did a descriptive study of confirmed LF cases of Edo State from 23rd December 2015 to February 2016. Active contact tracing and laboratory surveillance were used to detect suspected and confirmed Lassa fever cases. Infection prevention and control checklist was used to assess infection control of the Lassa fever institute isolation ward. Patients’ bio-data were collected from structured questionnaires applied on patient’s relatives, Lassa fever laboratory register and survey forms. Data was analyzed with Epi Info 7 and the outbreak described by person, place and time. Univariate analysis was expressed as frequency distribution, percentages, median, interquartile range, and rate. Results : a total of 359 suspected cases were screened of which 29 (8%) tested positive for Lassa virus. Case fatality rate was 9 (31%). The median age of cases was 30 years (IQR = 25 - 47), 17 (58.6%) were males, and 13 (44.8%) were students. Ten LGAs were affected including Etsako West LGA 12(41%) of cases. During the outbreak period, 179 contacts were monitored. Clinical presentations included redness of the eyes (79%), haematuria (69%), and facial oedema (52%). Infection control assessment of 15 items revealed 7 (46.7%) not available in the isolation ward. Conclusion : good infection prevention and control at the isolation ward challenged by an initial unavailability of some infection control items. Active contact tracing, prompt patients’ isolation, and surveillance helped in control and detection of the outbreak. Continuous community awareness, good infection control practices, and active surveillance may prevent and detect early outbreaks.

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2022

Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people... more Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. People living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) are at increased risk of developing this condition. Identification of location-specific factors is crucial to minimizing this presentation in this sub-population. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence, severity, and associated sociodemographic and comorbidity of depression among people living with HIV and AIDS in a laboratory setting in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 282 PLWHA, aged 18 years and over. They receive HIV screening services in the laboratory of the Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa from March to April 2017. Sociodemographic data of respondents and selected comorbidities were collected using a modified structured questionnaire from the World Health Organization STEPS tool. Retrieving CD4+ count results from the laboratory registry, and height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The presence of depression was assessed using the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 tool and performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with depression with a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 40±8.8 years and most of them were females 195 (69.2%). Seventy-five (26.6%) of the respondents were depressed, of whom 10 (13.3%) had severe depression, while 41 (54.7%) had mild depression. The most common symptoms of depression were fatigue (30.1%) and dysphoria (28.7%). There was an association between depression and CD4+ count <350 cells/µL with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14-3.63) and underweight with an aOR of 2.56 (95%CI: 1.01-6.47), while HAART with an aOR of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18-0.84) was associated with decreased odds of developing depression. Conclusion: Depression appeared among a significant proportion of people living with HIV and AIDS in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria, and fatigue was the most common symptom of depression. Lack of HAART, low CD4+ count, and being underweight appear to be the major factors negatively associated with depression. There is therefore a need to ensure people living with HIV and AIDS continue to receive HAART to improve CD4+ count and increase BMI.

Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people... more Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. People living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) are at increased risk of developing this condition. Identification of location-specific factors is crucial to minimizing this presentation in this sub-population. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence, severity, and associated sociodemographic and comorbidity of depression among people living with HIV and AIDS in a laboratory setting in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 282 PLWHA, aged 18 years and over. They receive HIV screening services in the laboratory of the Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa from March to April 2017. Sociodemographic data of respondents and selected comorbidities were collected using a modified structured questionnaire from the World Health Organization STEPS tool. Retrieving CD4+ count results from the laboratory registry, and height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The presence of depression was assessed using the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 tool and performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with depression with a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 40±8.8 years and most of them were females 195 (69.2%). Seventy-five (26.6%) of the respondents were depressed, of whom 10 (13.3%) had severe depression, while 41 (54.7%) had mild depression. The most common symptoms of depression were fatigue (30.1%) and dysphoria (28.7%). There was an association between depression and CD4+ count <350 cells/µL with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14-3.63) and underweight with an aOR of 2.56 (95%CI: 1.01-6.47), while HAART with an aOR of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18-0.84) was associated with decreased odds of developing depression. Conclusion: Depression appeared among a significant proportion of people living with HIV and AIDS in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria, and fatigue was the most common symptom of depression. Lack of HAART, low CD4+ count, and being underweight appear to be the major factors negatively associated with depression. There is therefore a need to ensure people living with HIV and AIDS continue to receive HAART to improve CD4+ count and increase BMI.

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Central African Journal of Public Health

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Conference proceedings, 2018

Introduction : viral hemorrhagic fever is a generic term for a severe illness, often accompanied ... more Introduction : viral hemorrhagic fever is a generic term for a severe illness, often accompanied by bleeding and caused by viruses. Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa Virus of the family Arenaviridae. Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria especially Edo State with zero-prevalence of 21% and 28% mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the laboratory based surveillance system for Lassa fever to assess its key attributes and whether it meets its objectives. Methods : an evaluation of the Laboratory based Lassa fever surveillance system was carried out at the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (ILFRC), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State from 2013 to 2015. The evaluation was conducted using the CDC’s updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance system, 2001. The methods included interview of stakeholders and review of documents. Relevant stakeholders were identified and interviewed to obtain their input in describing the system and assessing key attributes of the system. Documents relevant to the surveillance of Lassa fever in Nigeria were also reviewed. Results : out of 3,268 suspected cases screened for Lassa fever from 2013 to 2015, 308 were laboratory confirmed as Lassa fever. The predictive value positive was 9.4%. The case definition for Lassa fever surveillance is simple and easy to apply. The system integrates well with the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system and is representative. The system is flexible as data is also being collected on malaria fever. Data incompleteness for all variables ranged from 7% to 11%. The system is also useful. Stakeholders interviewed agreed that effective Lassa fever surveillance ensured the control and elimination of Lassa fever. Conclusion : Lassa fever surveillance system in ILFRC is meeting its objectives of detecting and controlling the disease in Nigeria. However, the surveillance system has gaps in terms of data quality and completeness. Government should provide more funding and support to the system.

Universal journal of pharmaceutical research, May 15, 2022

Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people... more Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. People living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) are at increased risk of developing this condition. Identification of location-specific factors is crucial to minimizing this presentation in this sub-population. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence, severity, and associated sociodemographic and comorbidity of depression among people living with HIV and AIDS in a laboratory setting in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 282 PLWHA, aged 18 years and over. They receive HIV screening services in the laboratory of the Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa from March to April 2017. Sociodemographic data of respondents and selected comorbidities were collected using a modified structured questionnaire from the World Health Organization STEPS tool. Retrieving CD4+ count results from the laboratory registry, and height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The presence of depression was assessed using the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 tool and performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with depression with a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 40±8.8 years and most of them were females 195 (69.2%). Seventy-five (26.6%) of the respondents were depressed, of whom 10 (13.3%) had severe depression, while 41 (54.7%) had mild depression. The most common symptoms of depression were fatigue (30.1%) and dysphoria (28.7%). There was an association between depression and CD4+ count <350 cells/µL with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14-3.63) and underweight with an aOR of 2.56 (95%CI: 1.01-6.47), while HAART with an aOR of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18-0.84) was associated with decreased odds of developing depression. Conclusion: Depression appeared among a significant proportion of people living with HIV and AIDS in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria, and fatigue was the most common symptom of depression. Lack of HAART, low CD4+ count, and being underweight appear to be the major factors negatively associated with depression. There is therefore a need to ensure people living with HIV and AIDS continue to receive HAART to improve CD4+ count and increase BMI.

Conference proceedings, 2018

Introduction : lassa fever (LF) is an epidemic-prone viral haemorrhagic disease caused by the Las... more Introduction : lassa fever (LF) is an epidemic-prone viral haemorrhagic disease caused by the Lassa virus. However, prompt patients’ isolation, good infection control practices and contact tracing are important in outbreak control. On January 8, 2016, the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health was alerted of an ongoing outbreak of Lassa fever across states including Edo State. We investigated to establish the existence of the outbreak, contact tracing, monitoring, described the outbreak and assessed infection control measures in Edo State. Methods : we did a descriptive study of confirmed LF cases of Edo State from 23rd December 2015 to February 2016. Active contact tracing and laboratory surveillance were used to detect suspected and confirmed Lassa fever cases. Infection prevention and control checklist was used to assess infection control of the Lassa fever institute isolation ward. Patients’ bio-data were collected from structured questionnaires applied on patient’s relatives, Lassa fever laboratory register and survey forms. Data was analyzed with Epi Info 7 and the outbreak described by person, place and time. Univariate analysis was expressed as frequency distribution, percentages, median, interquartile range, and rate. Results : a total of 359 suspected cases were screened of which 29 (8%) tested positive for Lassa virus. Case fatality rate was 9 (31%). The median age of cases was 30 years (IQR = 25 - 47), 17 (58.6%) were males, and 13 (44.8%) were students. Ten LGAs were affected including Etsako West LGA 12(41%) of cases. During the outbreak period, 179 contacts were monitored. Clinical presentations included redness of the eyes (79%), haematuria (69%), and facial oedema (52%). Infection control assessment of 15 items revealed 7 (46.7%) not available in the isolation ward. Conclusion : good infection prevention and control at the isolation ward challenged by an initial unavailability of some infection control items. Active contact tracing, prompt patients’ isolation, and surveillance helped in control and detection of the outbreak. Continuous community awareness, good infection control practices, and active surveillance may prevent and detect early outbreaks.

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2022

Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people... more Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. People living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) are at increased risk of developing this condition. Identification of location-specific factors is crucial to minimizing this presentation in this sub-population. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence, severity, and associated sociodemographic and comorbidity of depression among people living with HIV and AIDS in a laboratory setting in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 282 PLWHA, aged 18 years and over. They receive HIV screening services in the laboratory of the Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa from March to April 2017. Sociodemographic data of respondents and selected comorbidities were collected using a modified structured questionnaire from the World Health Organization STEPS tool. Retrieving CD4+ count results from the laboratory registry, and height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The presence of depression was assessed using the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 tool and performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with depression with a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 40±8.8 years and most of them were females 195 (69.2%). Seventy-five (26.6%) of the respondents were depressed, of whom 10 (13.3%) had severe depression, while 41 (54.7%) had mild depression. The most common symptoms of depression were fatigue (30.1%) and dysphoria (28.7%). There was an association between depression and CD4+ count <350 cells/µL with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14-3.63) and underweight with an aOR of 2.56 (95%CI: 1.01-6.47), while HAART with an aOR of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18-0.84) was associated with decreased odds of developing depression. Conclusion: Depression appeared among a significant proportion of people living with HIV and AIDS in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria, and fatigue was the most common symptom of depression. Lack of HAART, low CD4+ count, and being underweight appear to be the major factors negatively associated with depression. There is therefore a need to ensure people living with HIV and AIDS continue to receive HAART to improve CD4+ count and increase BMI.

Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people... more Background: Depression is a mental health condition that affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. People living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) are at increased risk of developing this condition. Identification of location-specific factors is crucial to minimizing this presentation in this sub-population. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence, severity, and associated sociodemographic and comorbidity of depression among people living with HIV and AIDS in a laboratory setting in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 282 PLWHA, aged 18 years and over. They receive HIV screening services in the laboratory of the Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa from March to April 2017. Sociodemographic data of respondents and selected comorbidities were collected using a modified structured questionnaire from the World Health Organization STEPS tool. Retrieving CD4+ count results from the laboratory registry, and height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The presence of depression was assessed using the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 tool and performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with depression with a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 40±8.8 years and most of them were females 195 (69.2%). Seventy-five (26.6%) of the respondents were depressed, of whom 10 (13.3%) had severe depression, while 41 (54.7%) had mild depression. The most common symptoms of depression were fatigue (30.1%) and dysphoria (28.7%). There was an association between depression and CD4+ count <350 cells/µL with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14-3.63) and underweight with an aOR of 2.56 (95%CI: 1.01-6.47), while HAART with an aOR of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18-0.84) was associated with decreased odds of developing depression. Conclusion: Depression appeared among a significant proportion of people living with HIV and AIDS in Yenagoa, southern Nigeria, and fatigue was the most common symptom of depression. Lack of HAART, low CD4+ count, and being underweight appear to be the major factors negatively associated with depression. There is therefore a need to ensure people living with HIV and AIDS continue to receive HAART to improve CD4+ count and increase BMI.

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Central African Journal of Public Health

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings