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Research paper thumbnail of Computational Modeling of Ophthalmic Procedures

American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2022

PURPOSE In order to explore how finite-element calculations can continue to contribute to diverse... more PURPOSE In order to explore how finite-element calculations can continue to contribute to diverse problems in ophthalmology and vision science, we describe our recent work on modeling the force on the peripheral retina in intravitreal injections and how that force increases with shorter, smaller gauge needles. We also present a calculation that determines the location and stress on a retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) detachment during an intravitreal injection the possibility that stress induced by the injection can lead to a tear of the RPE. BACKGROUND Advanced computational models can provide critical insight into the underlying physics in many surgical procedures, which may not be intuitive. METHODS The simulations were implemented using COMSOL Multiphysics. We compared the monkey retinal adhesive force1 of 18 Pa to the results of this study to quantify the maximum retinal stress that occurs during intravitreal injections. CONCLUSION Currently used 30-gauge needles produce stress on the retina during intravitreal injections that is only slightly below the limit that can create retinal tears. As retina specialists attempt to use smaller needles, the risk of complications may increase. In addition, we find that during an intravitreal injection, the stress on the retina in a PED occurs at the edge of the detachment (found clinically) and the stress is sufficient to tear the retina. These findings may guide physicians in future clinical research.

Research paper thumbnail of α-Tocopherol and Selenium Facilitate Recovery from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness in Aged Mice

The Journal of Nutrition, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Genes encoding nematode toxins

Research paper thumbnail of Software for optical storage

Part 1 Optical storage market requirements: market requirements for optical disk file systems a m... more Part 1 Optical storage market requirements: market requirements for optical disk file systems a manufacturer's view of WORM software requirements. Part 2 Optical file system implementations: an operating system independent WORM file system implementing WORM storage in the MS-DOS environment implementing WORM and erasable optical storage implementing WORM storage with Jukebox support implementing WORM storage in the Unix environment implementing WORM storage in the VAX/VMS environments. Part 3 Jukebox software: evaluation of optical disk Jukebox software the universe online - as case study of jukebox implementation. Part 4 Optical disk evaluation and performance issues: benchmark testing of WORM drives - a systems investigator's perspecitve sector striping techniques for WORM drives. Part 5 Standardizing software interfaces: the role of the SCSI interface an open software architecture for storage device integration. Part 6 Optical standards: current status of optical media standards file structure standards optotech systems architecture the SCSI conectivity crisis directory of firms and groups.

Research paper thumbnail of Printing system and method for printing documents and forms

Research paper thumbnail of GRG32: A Novel Epsp Synthase Gene Conferring Herbicide Resistance

Research paper thumbnail of Methods to Enhance the Activity of Lignocellulose-Degrading Enzymes

Research paper thumbnail of Genes Encoding Nematode Toxins

Research paper thumbnail of Novel Epsp Synthase Genes Conferring Herbicide Resistance

Research paper thumbnail of GRG23 Epsp Synthases: Compositions and Methods of Use

Research paper thumbnail of Directed evolution of GRG31 EPSP synthase enzyme

Research paper thumbnail of GRG23 and GRG51 genes conferring herbicide resistance

Research paper thumbnail of EPSP synthase domains conferring glyphosate resistance

Research paper thumbnail of Plants with improved nitrogen utilization and stress tolerance

Research paper thumbnail of Methods for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose

Research paper thumbnail of 155. Dietary prebiotics increase Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in the gut and promote stress resistance

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2014

dioxygenase-1 (Ido1), are linked to development of depression-like behaviors. Here we used organo... more dioxygenase-1 (Ido1), are linked to development of depression-like behaviors. Here we used organotypic striatal slice cultures (OSSCs) to determine if inflammatory signals (interferon (IFN)-gamma and LPS) and a stress hormone (dexamethasone) are responsible for the differential regulation of these pathways. Following treatment, OSSCs were used to quantify Ido1, Ido2, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo2), Igf1 and Bdnf mRNA. IFNc was the most potent inducer of Ido1, followed poorly by LPS. In contrast, LPS and IFNc equally induced Ido2. IFNc reduced both Igf1 and Bdnf expression. Dexamethasone also reduced Igf1 and Bdnf. Dexamethasone induced Tdo2, but did not induce either Ido1 or Ido2 expression. These data establish that both inflammatory signals and dexamethasone reduce neurotrophin expression but increase tryptophan metabolism. More importantly, the results establish that three different kynurenine generating dioxygenases are expressed within the striatum, all of which are differentially regulated by IFNc, LPS and glucocorticoids. (Supported by MH083767 to RHM and SUB-UT-00000712 to KWK).

Research paper thumbnail of 56. Milk oligosaccharides attenuate stressor-induced anxiety-like behavior in C57BL/6 mice

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of 139. Dietary prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and improve cognitive functions in developing rodents

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Exaggerated neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in aged mice after activation of the peripheral innate immune system

Research paper thumbnail of DHA diet reduces AD pathology in young APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice: Possible gender effects

Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2009

Epidemiological and clinical trial findings suggest that consumption of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA... more Epidemiological and clinical trial findings suggest that consumption of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) lowers the risk of Alzhemier's disease (AD). We examined the effects of short‐term (3 months) DHA enriched diet on plaque deposition and synaptic deficts in forebrain of young APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic (tg) and non‐transgenic (ntg) mice. Gas chromatography revealed a significant increase in DHA concomitant with a decrease of arachidonic acid in both brain and liver in mice fed with DHA. Female tg mice consumed relatively more food daily than ntg female mice, independent of diet. Plaque load was significantly reduced in the cortex, ventral hippocampus and striatum of female APPswe/PS1ΔE9 tg mice on DHA diet compared to female tg mice on control diet. Immunoblot quantitation of the APOE receptor, LR11, which is involved in APP trafficking and Aβ production, were unchanged in mice on DHA or control diets. Moreover drebrin levels were significantly increased in the hippocampus of tg mic...

Research paper thumbnail of Computational Modeling of Ophthalmic Procedures

American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2022

PURPOSE In order to explore how finite-element calculations can continue to contribute to diverse... more PURPOSE In order to explore how finite-element calculations can continue to contribute to diverse problems in ophthalmology and vision science, we describe our recent work on modeling the force on the peripheral retina in intravitreal injections and how that force increases with shorter, smaller gauge needles. We also present a calculation that determines the location and stress on a retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) detachment during an intravitreal injection the possibility that stress induced by the injection can lead to a tear of the RPE. BACKGROUND Advanced computational models can provide critical insight into the underlying physics in many surgical procedures, which may not be intuitive. METHODS The simulations were implemented using COMSOL Multiphysics. We compared the monkey retinal adhesive force1 of 18 Pa to the results of this study to quantify the maximum retinal stress that occurs during intravitreal injections. CONCLUSION Currently used 30-gauge needles produce stress on the retina during intravitreal injections that is only slightly below the limit that can create retinal tears. As retina specialists attempt to use smaller needles, the risk of complications may increase. In addition, we find that during an intravitreal injection, the stress on the retina in a PED occurs at the edge of the detachment (found clinically) and the stress is sufficient to tear the retina. These findings may guide physicians in future clinical research.

Research paper thumbnail of α-Tocopherol and Selenium Facilitate Recovery from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness in Aged Mice

The Journal of Nutrition, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Genes encoding nematode toxins

Research paper thumbnail of Software for optical storage

Part 1 Optical storage market requirements: market requirements for optical disk file systems a m... more Part 1 Optical storage market requirements: market requirements for optical disk file systems a manufacturer's view of WORM software requirements. Part 2 Optical file system implementations: an operating system independent WORM file system implementing WORM storage in the MS-DOS environment implementing WORM and erasable optical storage implementing WORM storage with Jukebox support implementing WORM storage in the Unix environment implementing WORM storage in the VAX/VMS environments. Part 3 Jukebox software: evaluation of optical disk Jukebox software the universe online - as case study of jukebox implementation. Part 4 Optical disk evaluation and performance issues: benchmark testing of WORM drives - a systems investigator's perspecitve sector striping techniques for WORM drives. Part 5 Standardizing software interfaces: the role of the SCSI interface an open software architecture for storage device integration. Part 6 Optical standards: current status of optical media standards file structure standards optotech systems architecture the SCSI conectivity crisis directory of firms and groups.

Research paper thumbnail of Printing system and method for printing documents and forms

Research paper thumbnail of GRG32: A Novel Epsp Synthase Gene Conferring Herbicide Resistance

Research paper thumbnail of Methods to Enhance the Activity of Lignocellulose-Degrading Enzymes

Research paper thumbnail of Genes Encoding Nematode Toxins

Research paper thumbnail of Novel Epsp Synthase Genes Conferring Herbicide Resistance

Research paper thumbnail of GRG23 Epsp Synthases: Compositions and Methods of Use

Research paper thumbnail of Directed evolution of GRG31 EPSP synthase enzyme

Research paper thumbnail of GRG23 and GRG51 genes conferring herbicide resistance

Research paper thumbnail of EPSP synthase domains conferring glyphosate resistance

Research paper thumbnail of Plants with improved nitrogen utilization and stress tolerance

Research paper thumbnail of Methods for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose

Research paper thumbnail of 155. Dietary prebiotics increase Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in the gut and promote stress resistance

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2014

dioxygenase-1 (Ido1), are linked to development of depression-like behaviors. Here we used organo... more dioxygenase-1 (Ido1), are linked to development of depression-like behaviors. Here we used organotypic striatal slice cultures (OSSCs) to determine if inflammatory signals (interferon (IFN)-gamma and LPS) and a stress hormone (dexamethasone) are responsible for the differential regulation of these pathways. Following treatment, OSSCs were used to quantify Ido1, Ido2, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo2), Igf1 and Bdnf mRNA. IFNc was the most potent inducer of Ido1, followed poorly by LPS. In contrast, LPS and IFNc equally induced Ido2. IFNc reduced both Igf1 and Bdnf expression. Dexamethasone also reduced Igf1 and Bdnf. Dexamethasone induced Tdo2, but did not induce either Ido1 or Ido2 expression. These data establish that both inflammatory signals and dexamethasone reduce neurotrophin expression but increase tryptophan metabolism. More importantly, the results establish that three different kynurenine generating dioxygenases are expressed within the striatum, all of which are differentially regulated by IFNc, LPS and glucocorticoids. (Supported by MH083767 to RHM and SUB-UT-00000712 to KWK).

Research paper thumbnail of 56. Milk oligosaccharides attenuate stressor-induced anxiety-like behavior in C57BL/6 mice

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of 139. Dietary prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and improve cognitive functions in developing rodents

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Exaggerated neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in aged mice after activation of the peripheral innate immune system

Research paper thumbnail of DHA diet reduces AD pathology in young APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice: Possible gender effects

Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2009

Epidemiological and clinical trial findings suggest that consumption of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA... more Epidemiological and clinical trial findings suggest that consumption of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) lowers the risk of Alzhemier's disease (AD). We examined the effects of short‐term (3 months) DHA enriched diet on plaque deposition and synaptic deficts in forebrain of young APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic (tg) and non‐transgenic (ntg) mice. Gas chromatography revealed a significant increase in DHA concomitant with a decrease of arachidonic acid in both brain and liver in mice fed with DHA. Female tg mice consumed relatively more food daily than ntg female mice, independent of diet. Plaque load was significantly reduced in the cortex, ventral hippocampus and striatum of female APPswe/PS1ΔE9 tg mice on DHA diet compared to female tg mice on control diet. Immunoblot quantitation of the APOE receptor, LR11, which is involved in APP trafficking and Aβ production, were unchanged in mice on DHA or control diets. Moreover drebrin levels were significantly increased in the hippocampus of tg mic...