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Papers by CUESJ Journal

Solution of Multi-order Fractional Differential Equation Based on Conformable Derivative by Shifted Legendre Polynomial, 2021

The aim of this article is the way for finding approximation solution of multi-order fractional d... more The aim of this article is the way for finding approximation solution of multi-order fractional differential equation with conformable sense with use approximated function by shifted Legendre polynomial, the method is easy and powerful for get our results of linear and non-linear equation, the background idea behind this method is finding system of algebra after achieve messing variable is that mean obtains approximate solution, a few example are illustrate for presented how much our method is capable.

A Comparison between Brown’s and Holt’s Double Exponential Smoothing for Forecasting Applied Generation Electrical Energies in Kurdistan Region, 2021

The process of producing electricity from sources of energy is known as electricity production. E... more The process of producing electricity from sources of energy is known as electricity production. Electric also is not freely accessible in environment, thus it should be "manufactured" (i.e., converting another kinds of energy to electrical energy) by utilities with in electricity industry (transportation, distributing, and so on). Moreover, the objective of this study is to compared of Brown's as well as Holt's Double Exponential Smoothing (DES) also build a best forecasting time series model among two smoothing model forecasting, as well as focuses on optimizing characteristics to use the golden section technique. This exponential smoothing approach has been one of the time series forecasting methods that would be used to forecast (Generation Electrical) with in Kurdistan area. The issue that arises with this technique is determining the appropriate parameters to reduce predict inaccuracy. In addition, data used in this paper are (Generation Electrical) in Kurdistan region for (132) months from 2010 to 2020. The study revealed that such data are trending modeled, indicating that a DES approach from Brown and Holt can be used with the (Stratigraphic and Minitab) software. There are the same results but the result of analysis more depend on the R-program. The difference among the forecast findings acquired with optimum parameters as well as the assaying data was utilized to assess the feasibility of the forecast by completing normality and randomness tests. Ultimately, the outcomes of parameterization show that the optimal value of α that in DES Brown is (0.22) as well as the optimal MAPE is 9.23616%, whereas in DES Holt the optimal is (0.95) as well as the optimal β is (0.05) through the optimal MAPE of 8.08586%. This MAPE of a DES Brown technique is greater than the MAPE of a DES Holt approach. Feasibility experiments revealed that both approaches are capable of predicting. Depending on the value of MAPE as well as evaluation process, DES Holt's was recognized as the main prediction model.

Enhancing Wireless Sensor Networks Routing Protocols Based on Cross Layer Interaction, 2021

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) aim to develop a smart city based on sensing environment. The rout... more Wireless sensor networks (WSN) aim to develop a smart city based on sensing environment. The routing protocols of WSN are important to transfer the data in smart cities since sensor nodes have limited power and transmission range. The aim of this research is to enhance WSN routing protocols based on proposed cross-layer interaction between physical layer and network layer also a proposed routing table information of wireless sensor nodes is developed to consider the transmission power of neighbor's nodes to determine the next hop. Cross-layer interaction provides a useful information and effective adaptation for WSN routing protocols. As a result, the proposed routing protocol shows an improvement in network performance when number of intermediate nodes is minimized.

Automatic Classification of Coronavirus Disease-19 Chest X-Ray Images Using Local Binary Pattern and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization for Feature Selection, 2021

Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a type of pandemic viruses that causes respiratory t... more Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a type of pandemic viruses that causes respiratory tract infection in humans. The clinical imaging of Chest X-Ray (CXR) by Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) plays an essential role in identifying the patients infected by COVID-19. The objective of this paper presents a CAD method for automatically classifying 110 frontal CXR images of contagious people according to Normal and COVID-19 infection. The proposed method contains four phases: Image enhancement, feature extraction, feature selection, and classification. Gaussian filter is performed to de-noise the images and Adaptive Histogram Equalization for image enhancement in the pre-processing step for better decision-making. Local Binary Pattern features set are extracted from the dataset. Binary Particle Swarm Optimization is considered to select the clinically relevant features and develop a robust model. The successive features are fed to Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers. The experimental results show that the system robustness in classification COVID-19 from normal images with average accuracy 94.6%, sensitivity 96.2%, and specificity 93%.

Simulation of Moving Target Indication Radar System Based on VisSim/Comm Application, 2021

Moving target indication (MTI) is mainly designed to detect moving targets while unmoving targets... more Moving target indication (MTI) is mainly designed to detect moving targets while unmoving targets are filtered out. It focuses on the technique of the modern stationary target indication, using directly the signal details to determine the reflecting object's mechanical properties, after that it becomes easier to find moving or non-moving targets. This paper presents the simulation design of the MTI radar system. The main purpose of this design is to help students in understanding the radar system subject and help teachers to explain this subject in a simpler approach. Both students and teachers need to know how the signals inside the MTI radar processor are working and how they are generated and related to each other. This paper introduces a method of simulation of MTI radar signals including, A-scope radar display, transmitted and returned radar pulses with constant and multiple pulse repetition frequency, n-delay line cancellers.

A Comparison Between New Modification of Aadaptive Nadaraya-Watson Kernel and Classical AadaptiveNadaraya-Watson Kernel Methods in NonparametricRegression: A Simulation Study, 2021

Nonparametric kernel estimators are mostly used in a variety of statistical research fields. Nada... more Nonparametric kernel estimators are mostly used in a variety of statistical research fields. Nadaraya-Watson kernel (NWK) estimator is one of the most important nonparametric kernel estimators that is often used in regression models with a fixed bandwidth. In this article, we consider the four new Proposed Adaptive NWK Regression Estimators (Interquartile Range [IQR], Standard Deviation [SD], Mean Absolute Devotion, and Median Absolute Deviation) rather than (Fixed Bandwidth, Adaptive Geometric, Adaptive Mean, Adaptive Range, and Adaptive Median). The outcomes in both simulation and actual data in leukemia cancer showed that the four new Aadaptive NWK Estimators (IQR, SD, Mean Absolute devotion, and Median Absolute Deviation) are more effective than the kernel estimations with fixed bandwidth in previous studies based Mean Square Error Criterion.

The Estimation of (Covid-19) Cases in Kurdistan Region Using Nelson Aalen Estimator, 2021

It is described how the Nelson-Aalen estimator may be used to control the rate of a nonparametric... more It is described how the Nelson-Aalen estimator may be used to control the rate of a nonparametric estimate of the cumulative hazard rate function based on right censored as well as left condensed survival data, furthermore how the Nelson-Aalen estimator can be utilized to estimate various amounts. This technique is mostly applied to survival data and product quality data similar to the incorporated relative mortality in a multiplicative model with outer rates and the cumulative infection rate in a straightforward epidemic model. It is shown that tallying measures produce a structure that permits to a brought together treatment of all these different conditions, and the main little and massive sample properties of the assessor are summarized. This estimator is a weighted average of the Nelson-Aalen reliability estimates over 2 time periods. The suggested estimator's suitability and utility in model selection are reviewed. Morover, a real-world dataset is evaluated to demonstrate the proposed estimator's suitability and utility. This work proposes a simple and nearly unbiased estimator to fill this gap. The information was gathered from the Ministry of Health's website between October 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021. The results of the Nelson Allen Estimator demonstrated that the odds of surviving were higher during a short period of time after being exposed to the virus. As time passes, the possibilities become slimmer. The closer the estimate comes to value 1 from 0.5 upward, the greater the chances of surviving the infection.

HIV, HBS and HCV in Dump Site Workers of Erbil Governorate, 2021

This research targeted eighty-nine males working in Kany Qrzhala, dumpsite. Age and gender compar... more This research targeted eighty-nine males working in Kany Qrzhala, dumpsite. Age and gender comparable apparently healthy subjects were selected as healthy controls, and both of the groups were obliged to fill the study's questionnaire. Further, venous blood samples were collected from each individual for serum collection. The accumulated sera reserved for the seroprevalence for antibodies tests of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Surface (HBS) Antigen and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), (human immunodeficiency [HIV]), (HBS), (HCV), respectively. The automated immunoassay analyzer Cobas E411 facilitated the conducting of the mentioned tests. The serum concentration of HIV and HBS antibodies of dumpsite workers revealed a significant increase when compared to the healthy group, while the HCV antibody serum concentration presented no significant alteration when comparing dumpsite workers to the healthy controls. The antibodies present in the sera that belonged to workers is an indicator of exposure to the viruses due to unsanitary health conditions. This may pose a public health risk to the workers themselves, in addition to the people they are in contact with, including their families.

Analysis the Structures of Some Symmetric Cipher Algorithms Suitable for the Security of Internet of Things Devices, 2021

In the past years, the internet of things (IoT) used in different applications and very wide rang... more In the past years, the internet of things (IoT) used in different applications and very wide range of fields (e.g. cloud services, smart environments, logistics, social and personal domains, and health-care services). The IoT included a variety of components and devices such as radio frequency identification devices, wireless sensors, actuators, and wireless networks. Furthermore, the IoT with smart devices adopted in various companies, organizations, and public services systems. For instance, some devices such as Notebooks and smartphones have been used to perform different management activities and duties. These smart devices relied on data exchange and data storage resources in clouds computing services. In this context, the saved data and exchanged data required protection against hacking operations, transferred with more secure communications channels, and safe storage environment in the clouds and local storage systems. In this paper, we proposed some encryption algorithms to tackle the issue of data confidentiality in the IoT applications. This research provided analysis and investigation of these encryption algorithms in light of components of the designs, versions of these algorithms, encryption keys, block size, round functions, and the techniques used in the designs.

The Prevalence of Microorganisms and Antibiotics Activity Tests of Natural and Industrial Products in Surgical Site Infections in Referral Hospitals in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region – Iraq, 2021

Background and Objectives: To study the prevalence of microorganisms and antibiotics activity tes... more Background and Objectives: To study the prevalence of microorganisms and antibiotics activity tests of natural and industrial products, surgical site infection was found in referral hospitals in Erbil, Iraq's Kurdistan Province. Methods: Pus samples were collected from 29 surgical patients using sterile swabs and primed for culture collection. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the bacterial activity of three types of plants (cinnamon, ginger, and radish) against three bacterial species including Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus spp., and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Results: Overall, 29 pus samples were processed for culture testing. One Gram-negative bacterium (7.14%) and 13 Gram-positive cocci (92.85%) were isolated from the 14 bacteria genera. S. aureus, Proteus spp., and S. epidermidis most potent isolates were found to be resistant to the variable of tested antibiotics, while they showed any sensitivity to the tested plant extracts. Cinnamon, ginger, and radish extracts were discovered to be among the few variable effective plant extracts against the tested pathogenic bacteria isolates. Conclusion: The data collected from this research showed a better way of explanation of the microorganism's etiology of SSIs in hospitals where they might have epidemiological and healing insinuations.

Occupational Exposures and Associated Health Effects among Dumpsite Workers: A Case Study of Kani Qirzhala Landfill Site, Erbil, Iraq, 2021

Eighty-nine male workers from the landfill site in (Kani Qirzhala), Erbil, Iraq, aged from 12 to ... more Eighty-nine male workers from the landfill site in (Kani Qirzhala), Erbil, Iraq, aged from 12 to 65 years were investigated in this study. Each one had filled out a questionnaire sheet, in addition to their signed consent to take a blood sample from them. Plus, a 7 ml of venous blood samples were collected from them. Total IgE and syphilis antibodies were detected. Thus, CBC was conducted on each sample. The results recorded 92.13% of the workers lived in rural areas, while 7.87% lived in urban areas. Further, there were 58.43% smokers and 41.57% non-smokers. Furthermore, the research sample contained 38.20% single and 61.80% married people. As education illustrated, 37.08% had no schooling, primary school education 40.45%, less than 20% had secondary school education, 2.25% acquired a diploma, and a B.Sc. degree. The serum concentration of total IgE of dumpsite workers revealed a significant increase when compared to the healthy group. None of the workers' sera revealed syphilis antibodies except one case which was positive; however, it shows non-significant differences between both groups. WBC count was soared significantly in dumpsite workers when compared to the healthy individuals, yet, lymphocyte and granulocyte numbers showed non-significant increment, while monocyte numbers showed a statistically insignificant rise in workers as compared to healthy group. The number of RBCs and Hb level of the landfill workers exhibited a substantial increase. Even though, both groups' platelets did not show significant variance. The rise in WBC counts and IgE levels may be due to the exposure of these workers to allergens at the dumpsites as for allergies is the common consequence when exposed to waste and garbage.

An Overview on Software-defined Networking and Network Functions Virtualization Security Orchestration in Cloud Network Environment, 2021

Cloud networks are being used in most industries and applications in the current era. Software-de... more Cloud networks are being used in most industries and applications in the current era. Software-defined networking (SDN) has come up as an alternative tool and mechanism to follow and implement in a cloud networking environment in place of the traditional networking approaches. This paper includes the security aspects of computer networking concerning the cloud networking environment and SDN. The security risks and vulnerabilities have been listed and described in this work, and the measures that may be adapted to detect, prevent, and control the same. The use of figures, diagrams, and codes has been done as applicable.

Exploring Investigation of the Impact of Studying Statistics at Enhancing Mathematical Skills during Years of Faculty, 2021

Subject of statistics has always known as field related to mathematics and because statistics is ... more Subject of statistics has always known as field related to mathematics and because statistics is commonly taught in schools as part of the mathematics curriculum, it is regarded as a mathematical. In Salahaddin University, entering to the department of statistics is limited to students who graduated from science department at high school. Thus, we anticipate students with good knowledge in mathematical level. Students from all stages of the department were encouraged to participate in the examination and their scores were recorded. The objective of this study are to explore whether there is substantial difference between male and female as well as to discover whether the more higher stages enhance their mathematical level of knowledge. Normality test was done on the dataset and if failed to meet it, nonparametric test such as Mann-Whitney U-and Kruskal-Wallis test at significant level 0.05.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern, Molecular Characterization of Virulence Genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Patients, 2021

In this research, a total of 150 samples were obtained from burn and wound patients admitted to t... more In this research, a total of 150 samples were obtained from burn and wound patients admitted to the West Erbil Emergence Hospital during period from September 2020 to January 2021. Through cultural, morphological features, biochemical testing, and Vitek 2 Compact Systems, 40 isolates of P. aeruginosa have been identified. P. aeruginosa produced various pigments, including blue/green and yellow/green. The isolates of P. aeruginosa were subjected to 14 different antibiotics. Imipenem was the most effective antimicrobial agents against all P. aeruginosa isolates, and most of isolates showed high resistance degree to ampicillin 100%, chloramphenicol 100%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 100%, cefotaxime 100%, and penicillin 100% while for aztreonam 32.5%, meropenem 42.5%, tobramycin 45%, gentamycin 45%, amikacin 45%, ciprofloxacin 62.5%, ceftazidime 67.5%, and tetracycline 80%. All Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were screened using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to check for the presence of Pvda, LasB, Protease, exoA, exoT, exoU, and plch on its genomic DNA. The findings have shown that Pvda was 55%, LasB 75%, protease 65%, exoA 60%, exoT 75%, exoU 60%, and plch 55% of isolates harbored these genes as a virulence genes.

Sand Clock and The Concept of Time in Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, 2021

The sand clock is a device used to measure time, consisting of two conical glass bulbs, which are... more The sand clock is a device used to measure time, consisting of two conical glass bulbs, which are connected vertically by a small opening neck. The top contains grains of fine dry sand. The upper part symbolizes the future, sand passes through the neck (which indicates present) to the lower part which turned past. In 1907, German scientist Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909) interpreted the concept of the four-dimensional space-time of Einstein's theory in a two-dimensional cone diagram, in which the upper cone symbolizes the future, the neck the present, and the lower part the past. The researcher has noticed a great likeness, to the point of congruence between the shape and function of both, the sand clock and the diagram. This resemblance aroused speculations that Hermann Minkowski had been inspired by the sand hour in drawing his diagram. It cannot be attributed to a merely chance.

Immunohistochemical and Molecular Studies of p53 and KRAS Protein and Their Relations to Colorectal Carcinoma, 2021

The study included 50 tissue blocks embedded in paraffin wax (16 females and 34 males), obtained ... more The study included 50 tissue blocks embedded in paraffin wax (16 females and 34 males), obtained from a patients group with colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as 35 tissue blocks that were embedded in paraffin wax from normal colon (ulcerative colitis) as controls. A relatively few oncogenes and most prominently tumor-suppressing genes, Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), and P53 genes have been mutated into a significant part of CRCs, and a broad collection of mutated genes has been defined in CRC subsets. Current findings showed very significant differences between patients and control subjects in the p53-positive rate (P < 0.001). TP53 Pro/Pro genotype positivity was higher in the control group than in the patient group and this was a significant difference (P < 0.001) with an odds ratio of <1. The genotype Pro/Pro was considered to be protective against colorectal carcinoma preventively fractured 0.767. The positive rate of p53 Arg/Arg genotype in patients was more frequent and statistically significant (P < 0.01), because the odd ratio was more than one. The genotype Arg/Arg would be considered a colorectal carcinoma risk factor. We conclude that p53 overexpression is used as an indicator of p53 mutation (as identified by immunohistoric chemistry) and KRAS protein expression was negatively impaired for all the patients in the current study.

Improving Coronavirus Disease Tracking in Malaysian Health System, 2021

This paper proposes coronavirus disease tracing system acts as a portal for the health center to ... more This paper proposes coronavirus disease tracing system acts as a portal for the health center to update and track their patients' contacts and collect data for further analysis. All of the contents are handpicked, filtered, and selected to the best of our ability by assigned individuals (mostly medical staff) to ensure that sources are credible and free of hoaxes for the public's benefit. This application likewise means to assemble information for the top to the bottom investigation (for example, time arrangement to screen the development, in-house patients) and synchronization with a contact following application, for instance, MySejahtera app that was created and set up by the Malaysian government and utilized from one side of the country to the other it assumes that all patients have internet access and smartphone, to handle such delinquent, SMS driven application with ability to update status through using patient credentials through system website, and to add simplicity for clients' understanding using graphic visualizations and dashboards are incorporated.

On the Development of a Multilayered Agent-based Heuristic System for Vehicle Routing Problem under Random Vehicle Breakdown, 2021

With the recent technological advancement, the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem is becoming more a... more With the recent technological advancement, the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem is becoming more applicable. However, almost all of the researches in this field limited the source of dynamism from the order side instead of the vehicle and the adoption of inflexible tools that are mainly designed for the static problem, considering multiple random vehicle breakdowns complicate how to adapt and distribute the workload to other functioning vehicles. In this ongoing PhD research, a proposed multilayered agent-based model (ABM) and a modeling framework on dealing with such disruptive events in a continuous reactive manner. The model is partially constructed and experimented, with a developed clustering rule, on two randomly generated scenarios for validation. The rule achieved reasonable order allocation to vehicles and reacted to different problem sizes by rejecting orders over the model capacity. This allocation shows a promising path in fully adopting the ABM model in this dynamic problem.

The Comparative Study of Biaxial Bending Analysis of Steel Sections Using AISC and Eurocode Approaches, 2020

This study investigates the capacity of the steel section using both AISC and Eurocode approaches... more This study investigates the capacity of the steel section using both AISC and Eurocode approaches. Three types of steel sections were subjected to biaxial bending by applying loads to both main axes and examined by both approaches. The concept of Fisher was also adopted as an approach. This concept proposed that only the compression flange could withstand lateral loading and the torsional influence could be ignored. The findings suggested that the Eurocode approach is more conservative in the design of steel sections subject to biaxial bending as it takes into account the level at which the load is applied, the type of the section whether rolled or welded and its height-to-width ratio (lateral buckling effect). The AISC approach considers the shear center of the section as the level at which the loads are applied. The conservatism of the results was more pronounced when the section is close to H-section. Fisher`s concept of structural design of biaxial bending of structural steel is more conservative than both AISC and Eurocode approaches of analysis.

Study the Prevalence, Characteristics of Mothers, and Associated Risk Factors of Pica Eating among Pregnant Women: A Cross-sectional Study, 2020

Eating disorder is a common phenomenon accompanying pregnancy including ingestion non-nutritive s... more Eating disorder is a common phenomenon accompanying pregnancy including ingestion non-nutritive substances. Causes of pica are uncertain. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to assess prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of pica among Kurdish pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan and the information regarding sociodemographic information, prevalence, and characteristics, and risk factors were collected. Four hundred women were registered and interviewed for this study. Data showed that the prevalence of pica was 60.5% (242), and the most frequent forms of pica eaten were pagophagia, geophagia, and amylophagia by 29.7% (119), 25.3% (101), and 12.5% (50), respectively. Data showed that pica is related to mother education (P = 0.011), mother occupation (P = 0.002), living place (P = 0.011), health complication during pregnancy (P = 0.018), and affects breastfeeding (P = 0.040). Baby gender, mother age, iron supplementation, history of child abortion, and economic satisfaction were not significantly associated to pica eating (PE). The results also showed that psychological factors for PE was reduce nausea, ameliorate stress, and anxiety and very fewer pregnant used to control hunger. Mother should check for any health complication before pregnancy and receive enough and regular checkup as well as educate themselves regarding consequences of pica. Furthermore, psychological consultation is important throughout pregnancy period.