Camelia Rohani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Camelia Rohani

Indian Journal of Palliative Care

Background: Most cancer patients' families suffer from maladaptation which increases family d... more Background: Most cancer patients' families suffer from maladaptation which increases family distress and caregiving burden. This study was conducted to explore the relationship between these maladaptation indicators, and the sense of coherence (SOC) of family caregivers alongside other family resilience determines among family caregivers of cancer patients. Methods: A total of 104 family caregivers of cancer patients were included in this cross-sectional study. They answered three questionnaires to assess family resilience factors: Family Inventory of Resources for Management (FIRM), Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F-COPES), and SOC scale. In addition, family maladaptation factors were determined by two instruments, including Family Distress Index (FDI) and Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). Results: The results of this study showed that the FIRM and the SOC together were responsible for 35% and 43% of the variances in FDI and CBI scores, respectively (P < 0.001). “Reframing”, the subscale of the F-COPES, significantly predicted the variances of FDI (β = −0.26, P = 0.01) and CBI scores (β = −0.21, P = 0.04). Moreover, “Mastery and health”, the subscale of the FIRM, significantly predicted the variances of FDI (β = −0.38, P < 0.01) and CBI scores (β = −0.21, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Family caregiver's SOC alongside other family resilience determinants plays a significant role in alleviating family distress and caregiver burden. It is suggested that palliative care providers consider family caregivers' SOC in developing a psychological intervention plan to improve family resilience in families of cancer patients.

Journal of medicine and life, Feb 1, 2022

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses prescribe medication for patients in many countries. However, th... more Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses prescribe medication for patients in many countries. However, there is still no evidence on the legitimacy of nurse prescribing roles in the healthcare system of Iran. This qualitative study with 30 experts was conducted to explore the experiences regarding the expanding role of prescribing medication by the ICU nurses. Data were collected through 31 individual semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the conventional content analysis method by MAXQDA 10. One major theme, "applicability of prescribing medication by ICU nurses", together with three sub-themes of "facilitators", "potential risks of nurse prescribing" and "the professional pathway", emerged. The use of successful global experiences, patient-oriented healthcare system policies, current culture and positive professional position of nurses, physician shortage, and high capacity of ICU nurses appeared as facilitators to perform the new role in our context. For the expansion of the new role, different professional pathways such as discussion with physicians and special groups with conflicts of interests, training qualified nurses in this area, and gradual development were proposed by the participants. The next step of the research is to prepare a set of standards for the prescription of medication by the ICU nurses in our context.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2022

M etastatic breast cancer (MBC) is the most advanced stage of breast cancer, and refers to cancer... more M etastatic breast cancer (MBC) is the most advanced stage of breast cancer, and refers to cancer that has spread from the breast to other parts of the body. 1 There were an estimated 2.3 million new cases of female breast cancer and 684,996 death worldwide in 2020, 2 with MBC causing the majority of those deaths. 3 The number of deaths is higher in developing countries compared with developed countries. 4 The 5-year survival rate for women with MBC is reported to be 28%. 3 Around 5% to 10% of patients are diagnosed with an advanced stage of disease. 5 However, early breast cancer can relapse or recur as MBC after a long time following treatments. 6 There are not enough data, but some studies report that 20% to 30% of patients with early breast cancer will develop MBC and will die. 6,7 Therefore, implementing early integration of outpatient palliative care (OPC) programs is very important. These programs can support patients with advanced cancer, their families, and the healthcare system by reducing unnecessary rehospitalizations and improving the quality of life (QoL) of patients and their families. 8,9 The 2016 ASCO palliative care clinical practice guideline recommends integrating palliative care early in the cancer trajectory, together with treatment. 10 In this issue of JNCCN, Greer et al 11 present their findings from a valuable clinical trial evaluating the effects of a palliative care intervention on the documentation of end-of-life (EoL) care discussions in the electronic health record; patient-reported discussions about EoL care preferences, QoL, and symptoms of anxiety and depression; and hospice utilization in 2 groups of patients with MBC: a control group (n559) that received routine care and an intervention group (n561) that participated in 5 palliative care intervention visits in coordination with their oncologic care. Data collection was done prospectively, at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after baseline and hospice utilization. This type of data collection is very important and provides rich data. The study by Greer et al 11 resulted in significant benefits for patients with MBC. The rates of discussion and documentation regarding EoL care and hospice services improved within the intervention group compared with the control group. However, study groups did not differ in patient-reported QoL and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The medical literature highlights positive outcomes for OPC programs around the world, but few details of such programs have been published. 8,12 Thus, Greer et al 11 should be praised for moving forward from designing a palliative care model in their prior studies to applying this specific in patients with MBC. They used an adapted intervention program from their prior research based on evaluation of an integrated palliative and oncology care model. 13,14 OPC clinics deliver palliative care services on a specific level, such as a short, concise consultation, and coordinate care in alliance with the patient's primary care physician. They also have a referral process. These clinics are also responsible for postdischarge follow-ups, transition of patient care from hospital to home or home healthcare centers, supervision of patient care and medications, and answering questions for patients and their families after hospital discharge. 8,9

Middle East Journal of Cancer, 2021

Background: Cancer diagnosis and treatments cause sexual dysfunction in patients. Sexual function... more Background: Cancer diagnosis and treatments cause sexual dysfunction in patients. Sexual function is one of the most important aspects of quality of life. However, in previous studies, qualitative methods have been less accentuated to explore in to the sexual experiences and feelings of cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the experiences of Iranian women affected with cancer about their sexual quality of life. Method: A qualitative descriptive study with a conventional content analysis approach was performed on a targeted sample of 28 Iranian women with cancer from October 2018 to February 2020. Data were collected through face to face and in depth semi structured interviews until data saturation was attained. Results: Data analysis revealed four themes and eleven categories. The emerged themes were entitled: “Changing sexual capacity”, “physical consequences”, “sexual self-sacrifice” and “Changing woman’s identity”. Conclusion: Women with cancer experie...

Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 2020

Background: Attention to the increase of students’ physical activity is one of the goals of Healt... more Background: Attention to the increase of students’ physical activity is one of the goals of Healthy People 2020. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education on the students’ physical activity by using two methods of lecturing and the peer group. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 142 female students (aged 12-15) were randomly selected and divided into two groups: lecture (n=71) and peer group (n=71). Two physical activity questionnaires; the Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children (PAQ-C) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAC-Short Form), were filled out by the students in two phases, before educational intervention and eight weeks later. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using the parametric (independent and paired sample t-tests) and non-parametric tests (Man Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed-Ranked tests). Results: The results of the study showed that the hypothesis: “the effect of the educational intervention...

Open Journal of Nursing, 2020

Purpose: Disease-related Stigma is negative emotions, attitudes, stereotypes, and beliefs about d... more Purpose: Disease-related Stigma is negative emotions, attitudes, stereotypes, and beliefs about diseases. Cancer is one of the diseases that can be exposed to stigma. Regarding the effects of stigma on the quality of life; admission and adherence to treatment, and considering stigma as a barrier to health promotion and cancer screening, the aim of this study was to provide a care plan for reducing stigma in cancer. Methods: This research was carried out during three phases of qualitative, quantitative studies and a review of the literature. The qualitative phase was conducted by conventional content analysis to find effective factors on the reduction of stigma through face to face semi-structured interviews. The quantitative phase was a cross-sectional descriptive study to measure the level of stigma. By using both quantitative and qualitative findings, and a review of the literature, a comprehensive care plan to reduce stigma in families with cancer patients was developed. Results: The results showed two categories of data; 1) reducing stigma at the individual or family level which needs increasing awareness, teaching coping skills, and support, as well as counseling; and 2) stigma reduction at the community level and policy rules which involve public education and cultural changes. Conclusion: Implementation of a care plan for reducing stigma can increase the physical and psychological health outcomes of people influenced by cancer, and at the community level, improves the attitude toward cancer and the success of screening programs, and ultimately reduces disability and mortality of the disease.

Background Nurse prescribing is a successful innovation in the role of nurses in the world. It is... more Background Nurse prescribing is a successful innovation in the role of nurses in the world. It is crucial to assess the challenges of nurse prescribing roles in the Intensive Care Units (ICU), due to the needs of the patients in these units. This qualitative study aimed was to explore the experts’ experiences regarding lack of the legality of nurse prescribing in ICU in the healthcare system of Iran. Methods Data were collected through semi structured face-to-face interviews with 33 experts chosen according to purposive and snowballing sampling with maximum variation. The interviews were analysed using Graneheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis method. After overviewing the interviews, semantic units, codes, subcategories, categories and themes were extracted. The qualitative data were analysed using MAXQDA software version 10. Results The main theme of the study was “The current challenges due to the illegality of nurse prescribing” with five categories and 12 subcat...

Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 2020

Background: Due to the importance of assessing quality of life (QoL) in healthy and ill adolescen... more Background: Due to the importance of assessing quality of life (QoL) in healthy and ill adolescents, the evaluation of psychometric properties of these questionnaires is important. Objective: To investigate the application of Rasch analysis in psychometric assessment studies on adolescents' QoL instruments, and to evaluate the quality of reporting Rasch parameters in these studies. Methods: This systematic review was conducted by searching for papers in electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Scopus until December 2018. Results: After screening 122 papers, 31 remained in the study. Around 68% of the studies used the Rasch analysis for instrument testing and 32% for the development of new instruments. In 77.4% of studies, both classical and Rasch methods were used parallel to data analysis. In 32.2% of studies, healthy adolescents were the main target group. The most commonly used instrument in Rasch studies was, KIDSCREEN, administered in different countries. Six Rasch parameters were reported with a higher percentage in the studies. Major reported parameters of Rasch analysis were application of the software program (96.7%), test of item fit to the Rasch model (93.5%), unidimensionality (80.6%), type of the identified mathematical Rasch model (74.1%), threshold (58%) and differential item functioning (54.8%). Based on the psychometric evaluation of the QoL instruments, 71% of studies showed acceptable results. Conclusion: The application of the Rasch model for psychometric assessment of adolescents' QoL questionnaires has increased in recent decades. But, there is still no strong and commonly used critical appraisal tool or guideline for the evaluation of these papers.

Journal of Health Administration, 2020

The emigration process of nurses as the main human resources of the health system is worrying. Th... more The emigration process of nurses as the main human resources of the health system is worrying. The study aimed to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and the desire to emigrate among the nurses in Tehran. Methods: This correlational study was performed on the nurses of public hospitals in Tehran. We used random classified sampling to determine the hospitals. A research questionnaire was also used, including three sections: demographic information, job satisfaction, and desire to emigrate. The content validity of the questionnaire was 9.5, and the obtained Cronbach's alpha was 0.89. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: The average level of the desire to emigrate was high (30.2). The job satisfaction of the participants was reported to be moderate. There was a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and desire to emigrate (p < 0.05, r =-0.24). The correlation between job satisfaction aspects, including the job situation, job environment, salary and benefits, and social attitude to the nursing profession with the desire to emigrate, was also meaningful. However, there was not any statistical relationship between colleagues in the job environment and the job's effect on the personal life and the desire to emigrate. Conclusion: This study showed that the nurses had a high desire to emigrate. There was a significant relationship between the desire to emigrate and the job satisfaction of nurses. Increasing the satisfaction of different aspects of the job can prevent the educated and valuable members in the healthcare system from leaving the country.

Scientific Journal of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty, 2018

Background & Aim: Selection of an appropriate critical appraisal tool is an important part of evi... more Background & Aim: Selection of an appropriate critical appraisal tool is an important part of evidence-based practice. The aim of the present study was to do a systematic review of articles according to existing evidence in databases in the field of developing critical appraisal tools for quantitative studies from 2006 to 2016. Materials & Methods: A systematic review was performed on the critical appraisal tools for quantitative studies between 8 to 12 January 2016 in the PubMed, ProQuest, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases using keywords in the MeSH and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Of the 1100 retrieved articles, 19 articles were only remained in the study. Workshop, Delphi technique, a panel of experts and exploration method have been used for development of the critical appraisal tools for observational studies (STROBE, STROBE-NI, RECORD, STROME-ID, STROBE-nut AXIS, STROBE-ME, CORE), clinical trials studies (CONSORT and different types, STRICTA, SPIRIT, CA of RCTs of NPs), interventional studies (QI-MQCS), case studies (CARE and SCARE). Also, a general assessment tool (CAT) and a special tool for assessment of the psychometric characteristics of the studies (COSMIN) were presented. Conclusion: A number of useful critical appraisal tools have been identified in this review; however, the validity and reliability of the tools did not show enough attention in these studies. Researchers and referees should be aware of the selection of a simple, valid and reliable critical appraisal tool during the writing of the quantitative articles or evaluation of them can be a useful guide.

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 2019

Background: This study aims to analyze the experiences of older patients with hypertension to rea... more Background: This study aims to analyze the experiences of older patients with hypertension to realize the outcomes of their self-care behaviors for controlling hypertension. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative research with a conventional content analysis approach. The participants consisting of 23 people were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews until data were saturated. Granheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis was applied to analyze the data. Results: After data analysis, four main categories including self-efficacy, active lifestyle, spirituality, and stress management were obtained. These categories show the experience and outcomes of self-care behaviors among elderly patients with hypertension. Conclusions: Awareness of the elderly of their potentials and role in disease control in addition to relying on the power of spirituality provides positive results in hypertension management. Self-actualization of the elderly resulted in resisting against the destructive effects of internal and external stress and moving in the direction of growth. Health professionals should be vigilant to encourage and promote education about the importance and advantages of self-care for elderlies.

Supportive Care in Cancer, 2020

Background In spite of the necessity of implementing spiritual care practices for cancer patients... more Background In spite of the necessity of implementing spiritual care practices for cancer patients, there is no clear process in this regard in palliative care programs of the health system of countries. The present study was designed with the aim of developing a clinical practice guideline of spiritual care in cancer patients for oncology nurses in the current context. Methods This is a multi-method study which was conducted in five stages within the framework of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline. A research committee consisting of four focal and 16 secondary members was formed. The stages included determining the scope of the study, developing guideline (a qualitative study and a systematic review, triangulation of the data, and producing a preliminary draft), consultation stage (validation of the guideline in three rounds of the Delphi study), as well as revision and publication stages. Results The clinical guideline of spiritual care with 84 evidence-based recommendations was developed in three main areas, including the human resources, care settings, and the process of spiritual care. Conclusions We are hoping by applying this clinical guideline in oncology settings to move towards an integrated spiritual care plan for cancer patients in the context of our health system. Healthcare organizations should support to form spiritual care teams under supervision of the oncology nurses with qualified healthcare providers and a trained clergy. Through holistic care, they can constantly examine the spiritual needs of cancer patients alongside their other needs by focusing on the phases of the nursing process.

Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 2017

Introduction: Amount and style of empathy with cancer patients by healthcare providers, including... more Introduction: Amount and style of empathy with cancer patients by healthcare providers, including nurses, is an important subject which affects the patient and his family. This study was designed to determine the amount and type of empathy in nurses at oncology wards. Methods: In this descriptive study with cross-sectional design, 181 nurses were recruited from oncology, hematology, and stem cell transplantation wards of seven educational hospitals affiliated to the three Universities of Medical Sciences in Tehran. First, the lists of all employed nurses in these wards were extracted, and then, after permission from the authorities of the wards and explaining the objectives of the study, the nurses who wished to participate in the study were recruited according to the inclusion criteria by the non-random sampling method. Data were collected using two questionnaires including the demographic/clinical information questionnaire and the interpersonal reactivity index from November to February 2017. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were determined. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics by the SPSS software version 21. Results: The results showed that the majority of employed nurses in oncology wards were women (88.3%). The mean age of the employed nurses at oncology wards was 34.92 ± 6.79 years. The empathy score of the nurses was higher in "empathic concern" compared to the other subscales (20.5 ± 5.8). Approximately 89% of the nurses reported average and higher empathy in empathic concern. The subscale of perspective-taking was ranked lower than empathic concern by the nurses. The results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that five variables of age, marital status, work shift, type of employment and having children predicted 26% of changes in nurses' scores for empathic concern in oncology wards. Conclusions: Empathic concern as one of the components of affective empathy is higher than the cognitive component in oncology nurses. Therefore, in line with cognitive empathy, perspectivetaking could be used as a powerful focus in the planning of educational interventions for the empowerment of oncology nurses.

International Journal of Women's Health, 2020

Background and Objectives: Pregnancy causes changes in women's lifestyle; therefore, their health... more Background and Objectives: Pregnancy causes changes in women's lifestyle; therefore, their health-promoting behaviors should be improved in order to avoid problems during this critical period, which requires knowledge of the factors affecting these behaviors. This study was conducted to determine the predictors of health-promoting lifestyles in pregnant women based on Pender's health promotion model constructs. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 300 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy and sought to determine the correlation between lifestyle and the constructs of Pender's health promotion model. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) and a questionnaire based on Pender's model constructs. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Findings: A health-promoting lifestyle had a significant positive correlation with the constructs of social support and perceived benefits and a significant negative correlation with the construct of perceived barriers (P<0.05). A health-promoting lifestyle also had a significant relationship with the constructs of perceived barriers, social support and perceived benefits in pregnant women (P<0.05) based on the results of the regression analysis. The regression coefficients showed that all the three variables can significantly explain the variance in health promoting lifestyles in pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study and based on the constructs of Pender's health promotion model, social support, perceived benefits and perceived barriers were the most important predictors of health-promoting lifestyles in pregnant women. These predictor constructs are recommended to be further considered in designing and implementing training packages and interventions for promoting pregnant women's lifestyle.

International Journal of Cancer Management, 2018

Background: Chronic diseases such as cancer are associated with many psychosocial issues that aff... more Background: Chronic diseases such as cancer are associated with many psychosocial issues that affect the various aspects of the health of individuals and families. Stigma is one of the problems in cancer that has devastating outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explain the meaning of stigma and its effect on patients with cancer from the point of view of Iranian stakeholders. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out with the participation of 14 people including individuals with cancer, their families, and cancer therapeutic team members by purposive sampling method and semi-structured interviews at Shohada Tajrish, and

Supportive Care in Cancer, 2019

Purpose Clinical empathy is the ability to understand the patient's situation, perspective, feeli... more Purpose Clinical empathy is the ability to understand the patient's situation, perspective, feelings, and actions, based on the patient's perception, in a helping or therapeutic way. This study was conducted with the aim of exploring oncology nurses' perception of the consequences of clinical empathy in patients and nurses and the factors influencing it. Methods A qualitative study was conducted by semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The participants were 6 male and 9 female oncology nurses who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results The theme of "empathy as a double-sided mirror" was created, based on oncology nurses' perception of the effects of clinical empathy in patients and nurses. Two themes of "organizational factors" and "contextual factors" were generated in response to influencing factors on clinical empathy. Conclusions By awareness of the effects of clinical empathy, controlling the barriers and strengthening the facilitators, there is a possibility to design interventional programs to develop empathy as a clinical competency in oncology nurses.

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 2019

Dependence of stroke survivors regarding the ability to perform activities of daily living impose... more Dependence of stroke survivors regarding the ability to perform activities of daily living imposes a burden on family caregivers. The study evaluated the effect of the family-centered empowerment program on the ability of Iranian patients with stroke to perform activities of daily living, as well as on family caregiver burden. In this randomized controlled trial study, a total of 90 pairs of patients with stroke and their family caregivers was selected and randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. Patients and their family caregivers participated in four family-centered empowerment program sessions over four consecutive days while the patient was hospitalized. The difference in the ability of patients with stroke in the intervention and control groups to perform activities of daily living was not significant 2 weeks after the intervention. However, the ability of patients with stroke in the intervention group to perform activities of daily living increased significantly 2 months after the intervention compared with the control group: 66 ± 35.95 and 51.31 ± 36.28, respectively (p = 0.047). Two weeks after the intervention, the family caregiver burden significantly decreased in the intervention group (29.55 ± 15.38) compared with the control group (38.77 ± 18.53 and p = 0.012). The burden in the intervention group also decreased 2 months after the intervention compared with the control group: 22.95 ± 15.68 and 36.11 ± 18.88, respectively (p < 0.001). Nurses can use the family-centered empowerment program to improve the quality of life of patients with stroke, and to reduce the burden of family caregivers.

Background: A review of previous studies on nursing students’ empathy showed contradictory result... more Background: A review of previous studies on nursing students’ empathy showed contradictory results with reducing or increasing empathy in nursing students and other students in the healthcare field during academic years of education at the university. Methods: The descriptive study with comparative design was conducted to determine the level of empathy and its changes in 122 undergraduate nursing students from the first to the fourth year of study. The data were collected using Jefferson Scale ofPhysician Empathy Nursing Student Version-R (JSE- NS version R) . Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical tests by SPSS version 20. Results: Results showed that the mean score of empathy in all nursing students was 91.8 ± 28.7 (range: 20-140). Changes of empathy across the academic education years indicated that it was significantly declined in the fourth year of education, compared to the first year (p<0.001). The mean score of empathy in more than 76% of nursing students in t...

Biomedical Research, 2019

Background: Osteoporosis is a preventable progressive metabolic disease. Girls have an increased ... more Background: Osteoporosis is a preventable progressive metabolic disease. Girls have an increased risk of occurrence of osteoporosis in their old age. The BASNEF model can be employed to change behaviors related to health. Aim: The BASNEF model was employed to determine the predictors of osteoporosis preventive behaviors among adolescent girls. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 209 adolescent girls selected from high schools in the Quchan County in 2016 using path analysis by stratified sampling. The data was collected through a demographic questionnaire and a 52-item researcher-made questionnaire, based on the BASNEF model constructs. The data was analysed using Shapiro-Wilk test, bootstrapping, and path analysis. Results: The average age of the students was 16.10 ± 0.59. The results of path analysis showed that Model 1 matched the BASNEF model relationships completely; however, it could not predict osteoporosis preventive behaviors. The constructs of model 2 (modified) was able to predict 50% of variances in osteoporosis preventive behaviors. There were positive and direct relationships between the following pairs of constructs: knowledge and attitudes (B=0.23, P<0.001); attitudes and the intention of osteoporosis preventive behaviors (B=0.37, P<0.001); subjective norms and the intention of osteoporosis preventive behaviors (B=0.53, P<0.001); behavioral intention and osteoporosis preventive behaviors (B=0.36, P<0.001); subjective norms and osteoporosis preventive behaviors (B=0.33, P<0.001), and enabling factors and osteoporosis preventive behaviors (B=0.29, P<0.001). Implications for practice: The community health nurse can use the constructs of the BASNEF model to change the osteoporosis preventive behaviors like knowledge, attitudes subjective norms and enabling factors.

Patient Preference and Adherence, 2018

Background: Empathy is one of the most important communication skills in clinical practice, speci... more Background: Empathy is one of the most important communication skills in clinical practice, specifically in the field of oncology. Empathic competences have a significant meaning for caring and therapeutic relations in nurses' responsibilities. Clinical empathy brings positive performance, thus patients' emotions are perceived and expressed more easily. Clinical empathy is contextual, interpersonal and affective, but it is also difficult to study. Awareness of oncology nurses' perception of this phenomenon might help them to plan for more effective patient-centered consultations within interventional programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the content of clinical empathy with cancer patients from the perspective of oncology nurses. Patients and methods: In this qualitative study, 15 oncology nurses were selected by purposive sampling. A semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted with each of the participants. After data collection, all interviews were transcribed and reviewed, and then primary codes, sub-categories and categories were extracted. The data were analyzed with the conventional content analysis method by MAXQDA 10 software. Results: Clinical empathy showed a composite construct with five main categories, including co-presence (physical and emotional presence), metacognition (self-awareness of mental processes), perception (knowing about awareness of individuals), inherent (genetic) and didactic (instructive) nature. Conclusion: Clinical empathy as an effective strategy can be taught through three areas of "co-presence", "metacognition" and "perception" in the context of cancer care. Thus, clinical empathy should be considered as one of the competency standards which can be taught to oncology nurses.