Carmen Fragero Guerra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Carmen Fragero Guerra
Columbia University Press eBooks, Dec 31, 1978
El proyecto, que no ha necesitado una inversión económica externa para su puesta en marcha, ofert... more El proyecto, que no ha necesitado una inversión económica externa para su puesta en marcha, oferta al alumnado de una formación de carácter transversal dirigida a su futuro profesional como docente, investigador de la Historia o gestor del patrimonio histórico documental. Se trata de una iniciativa que fomenta el conocimiento práctico de los archivos históricos y de los recursos digitales disponibles que aporta las competencias necesarias para un posterior proceso de autoaprendizaje y mejora de aptitudes
La tesis doctoral de Carmen Fragero Guerra, que lleva por título "Soñar la vida". La narrativa de... more La tesis doctoral de Carmen Fragero Guerra, que lleva por título "Soñar la vida". La narrativa de Carmen de Icaza (1936-1960), constituye una aportación más que solvente al rescate de la narrativa de autores (en este caso, además, una mujer) adeptos al fascismo tras la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939). Si bien no podemos encuadrar a nuestra escritora dentro de los que Albert ha denominado "vanguardistas de camisa azul", tampoco debe ocultarse que durante las décadas centrales del siglo pasado las novelas de Icaza se convirtieron en un fenómeno de masas que coexistió con la "alta literatura" tremendista de Cela (La familia de Pascual Duarte), o bien con el realismo subjetivo y a flor de piel de Carmen Laforet en Nada, por citar dos nombres canónicos. Pero Carmen de Icaza fue bastante más que la responsable de Cristina Guzmán, profesora de idiomas, un best seller en su tiempo, como han intentado reivindicar Martín Gaite, primero, y más recientemente Servén, entre otros críticos reevaluados aquí por Fragero. La presente tesis aspira a ofrecer el primer estudio de conjunto de la trayectoria literaria icaziana (1936-1960), en virtud de una metodología que participa de la sociología de la literatura, la narratología, el New Historicism, la crítica de la recepción, los Cultural Studies y, en menor medida, de los estudios de género. A lo largo de once capítulos, la doctoranda pasa revista no solo a los diversos avatares biográficos de Icaza (con más de un hallazgo), sino a una producción narrativa que asimiló muchas de las claves folletinescas de mediados del XIX para abrir nuevas sendas para la novela femenina (más que feminista) de nuestros días. A la luz del cotejo con otras escritoras de la primera mitad del XX, como Luisa María López Linares, o poco después, la citada Martín Gaite, Fragero analiza con detalle títulos como Cristina Guzmán, profesora de idiomas, ¡Quién sabe!, El tiempo vuelve y Las horas contadas. Particular interés reviste (por el material exhumado) la sección relativa a la actividad de Icaza al frente de Auxilio Social y el devenir en Córdoba de esta institución de beneficencia. La presente tesis viene avalada, asimismo, por la publicación de tres artículos en revistas científicas, de ahí que considere que cumple todos los requisitos (estado de la cuestión, metodología, análisis, conclusiones y bibliografía) para su defensa.
Colombia Medica, 2014
Introduction. The surgical management of cholesteatoma. You can opt for a closed technique (masto... more Introduction. The surgical management of cholesteatoma. You can opt for a closed technique (mastoidectomy simple) or open surgery (radical mastoidectomy). The open mastoidectomy with reconstruction of the posterior wall of the middle ear reconstruction in one surgery combines the advantages of both techniques as adequate surgical exposure, eradication of cholesteatoma and anatomical reconstruction of the middle ear structures. Objective. To evaluate the surgical results in the management of cholesteatoma with the technique of open mastoidectomy with reconstruction of the posterior wall and the middle ear in one surgery. Methods. Prospective analytical observational study conducted between 2009-2012 with patients undergoing this surgical technique in the Hospital Universitario del Valle, performing preoperative clinical monitoring and quarterly postoperative tomography and previous assessments of hearing and pre -and postoperative audiometry. Results. 45 patients were studied. Mean P...
![Research paper thumbnail of Significación de la salud sexual como valor en adolescentes: estudio fenomenológico [Significance of sexual health as a value in adolescents: fenomenology research] [Significado da saúde sexual como valor en adolescentes: estudo fenomenológico]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86815076/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Revista Enfermagem UERJ, Jul 19, 2013
INTRODUCCIÓN La salud sexual es un proceso de búsqueda permanente de bienestar físico, psicológic... more INTRODUCCIÓN La salud sexual es un proceso de búsqueda permanente de bienestar físico, psicológico, sociológico y espiritual, que hace que los adolescentes se expresen libre y responsablemente con disfrute y placer. Para lograrlo es necesario que conozcan, respeten y garanticen sus propios derechos sexuales y los de otras personas. Sin SIGNIFICACIÓN DE LA SALUD SEXUAL COMO VALOR EN ADOLESCENTES: ESTUDIO FENOMENOLÓGICO
Ethnicity & disease, 2007
To determine the association between functional health literacy and physical and mental health st... more To determine the association between functional health literacy and physical and mental health status in a sample of Latinos and African Americans. A cross-sectional study that used a demographics questionnaire, the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA), the physical component summary (PCS-12) and mental component summary (MCS-12) scales of the SF-12, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index in a sample of 1301 Medicaid and/or Medicare Latino and African American adult patients at four community clinics and one university-based general medicine practice in Philadelphia. When stratified by inadequate, marginal, and adequate functional health literacy levels and compared to SF-12 population norm scores of 50.0, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) PCS-12 scores were 38.8 (11.2), 38.5 (11.1), 42.7 (11.4), respectively (P < .0001); the mean (SD) MCS-12 scores were 43.3 (11.2), 43.5 (10.4), 44.3 (11.7), respectively (P = .39). After adjusting for sociodemographic confo...
Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making
Little is known about the effect of guidelines that recommend shared decision making on physician... more Little is known about the effect of guidelines that recommend shared decision making on physician practice patterns. The objective of this study was to determine the association between physicians' perceived effect of guidelines on clinical practice and self-reported prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening patterns. This was a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of 3914 primary care physicians participating in the 1998-1999 Community Tracking Study Physician Survey. Responses to a case vignette that asked physicians what proportion of asymptomatic 60-year-old white men they would screen with a PSA were divided into 3 distinct groups: consistent PSA screeners (screen all), variable screeners (screen 1%- 99%), and consistent nonscreeners (screen none). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between PSA screening patterns and physician-reported effect of guidelines (no effect v. any magnitude effect). Only 27% of physicians were varia...
Laryngeal histoplasmosis usually occurs in immunocompromised patients through the dissemination o... more Laryngeal histoplasmosis usually occurs in immunocompromised patients through the dissemination of the fungus from the lungs to other organs. Histoplasmosis isolated laryngeal (primary) is rare. If a patient presents with a history of renal transplant immunosuppression, primary histoplasmosis with laryngeal supraglottic granulomatous inflammation that was treated with amphotericin B and itraconazole, with complete resolution of laryngeal lesions. Reporte de caso Histoplasmosis laríngea: reporte de primer caso en Colombia
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 1997
Classical serological screening assays for Chagas' disease are time consuming and subjective.... more Classical serological screening assays for Chagas' disease are time consuming and subjective. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the enzyme immuno-assay (ELISA) methodology and to propose an algorithm for blood banks to be applied to Chagas' disease. Seven thousand, nine hundred and ninety nine blood donor samples were screened by both reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Samples reactive on RPHA and/or IFA were submitted to supplementary RPHA, IFA and complement fixation (CFA) tests. This strategy allowed us to create a panel of 60 samples to evaluate the ELISA methodology from 3 different manufacturers. The sensitivity of the screening by IFA and the 3 different ELISA's was 100%. The specificity was better on ELISA methodology. For Chagas disease, ELISA seems to be the best test for blood donor screening, because it showed high sensitivity and specificity, it is not subjective and can be automated. Therefore...
Investigaciones Feministas, 2014
RESUMEN Fifty Shades of Grey (2011), escrita por la autora inglesa E.L. James, está teniendo much... more RESUMEN Fifty Shades of Grey (2011), escrita por la autora inglesa E.L. James, está teniendo mucho éxito entre los lectores españoles en la actualidad. En estas líneas, demuestro la falta de creatividad de la autora enumerando los códigos populares de su novela. Para dar autoridad a estos códigos, comparo Fifty Shades of Grey con una novela popular española anterior, Cristina Guzmán, profesora de idiomas (1936). También, explico la respuesta de los lectores en el contexto histórico y social español.
Revista médica de Chile, 2003
High risk febrile neutropenia in acute leukemia. The experience of a public hospital Background: ... more High risk febrile neutropenia in acute leukemia. The experience of a public hospital Background: Febrile neutropenia is one of the most important problems to face during the treatment of acute leukemia. Aim: To assess the results of a standardized protocol for the treatment of febrile neutropenia and compare it with a period in which treatment was not standardized. Patients and methods: One hundred and eight episodes of febrile neutropenia in 69 patients, treated with a standardized antimicrobial protocol between 1996 and 2001, were analyzed. The protocol consisted in the use of a combination of antimicrobial whose spectrum was broadened progressively according to the isolated microorganisms and the involved foci. These were compared with 83 episodes in 54 patients, treated without standardized protocols between 1990 and 1995. Results: Both groups of patients were comparable. Their ages ranged from 15 to 65 years old. The male/female ratio was 1.3 and the lymphoblastic/myeloid leukemia ratio was 1.4. Sixty one percent of episodes occurred during induction chemotherapy and mean duration of neutropenia was 17 days. A clinically significant focus was identified in 72% of episodes and a microorganism was isolated blood culture in 35% of them. There was a predominance of gram negative organisms. The mortality decreased from 18 to 9% in the period 1996-2000 (p=0.094). Conclusions: The use of a standardized antimicrobial protocol reduced the mortality in febrile neutropenia, even when colony stimulating factors and filtered air rooms are unavailable (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1023-30).
Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias, 2014
Utility of cytology by transbronchial needle aspiration for diagnosing mediastinal nodal involvem... more Utility of cytology by transbronchial needle aspiration for diagnosing mediastinal nodal involvement in lung cancer staging Introduction: Mediastinal nodal involvement is essential in lung cancer staging. This can be performed with transbronchial needle aspiration using a flexible bronchoscope. We present the experience of the Instituto Nacional del Tórax. Material and Methods: Retrospective study. The procedure was performed in patients with mediastinal nodes greater than 1 cm on computed tomography of the chest. Results: In 132 bronchoscopies, 136 transbronchial needle aspirations for cytological studies were performed, 98 (72%) in subcarinal nodes and 38 (28%) in other locations. In 64 (47.1%) samples, lung cancer was diagnosed. In 100 (73,5%) cases the final diagnosis was lung cancer with mediastinal involvement. In this series transbronchial needle aspiration had a sensitivity of 64% for lung cancer diagnosis. There were no complications. Conclusions: Transbronchial needle aspiration cytology is safe and useful for the diagnosis and staging of the mediastinum in lung cancer patients.
PUNTO DE VISTA, 2013
El emprendimiento como campo de investigación se encuentra en proceso para consolidar un escenari... more El emprendimiento como campo de investigación se encuentra en proceso para consolidar un escenario conceptual; muchos estudios giran alrededor de la empresa, desconociendo a la persona, y al emprendimiento se le nombra en la literatura como entrepreneur, conservando este término su origen francés por la inadecuada traducción a otros idiomas. Esta problemática motiva la realización de una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de recopilar y sistematizar los conceptos emitidos por diferentes autores acerca de la definición y caracterización del emprendedor, lo que servirá de soporte para futuras investigaciones. El documento se desarrolla en tres secciones: la primera, trata del emprendimiento como campo de investigación, su legitimidad, producción literaria, y el emprendimiento en Asia Pacífico; en la segunda parte se sistematizan los aportes de cada autor; finalmente, se ofrecen las conclusiones.
Revista médica de Chile, 2009
Original and abbreviated Zarit caregiver burden scales. Validation in Chile Background: Six perce... more Original and abbreviated Zarit caregiver burden scales. Validation in Chile Background: Six percent of the Chilean population has a disability requiring assistance with daily-living-activities and 69% of these individuals are cared by direct family members. The latter are at risk of developing caregiver burden. Zarit scales are used to assess the severity of caregiver burden. Aim: To validate the original and abbreviated Zarit scales for caregiver burden. Material and methods: Two groups of interviewers applied the original and abbreviated Zarit scales, along with a single subjective indicator for burden and surveys for depression, to 32 caregivers from an outpatient clinic in Melipilla, Chile. In 22 subjects, the instruments were applied again, four months later. Results: Both Zarit scales showed high correlation with the subjective indicator for burden and with depression (r =0.51 and 0.67, respectively), supporting its construct validity. The abbreviated scale had a high correlation with the original scale (r =0.92), supporting its criterion validity. It had a 100% sensitivity, 77.7%, specificity, 86.6% positive predictive value and 100% negative predictive value to discriminate severe caregiver burden, using the original scale as standard. Both instruments showed high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha =0.84 and 0.87, respectively), inter-observer reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient =0.81 and 0.86, respectively) and stability reliability (Kappa test-retest =0.91 and 0.93, respectively). Conclusions: Both original and abbreviated Zarit burden scales are valid to assess caregivers burden in a Chilean context. The abbreviated scale seemed particularly useful for primary care (Rev Méd Chile 2009; 137: 657-65).
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2012
Dengue, endemic in puerto Rico, is a major public health problem. Vaccines are thought the best m... more Dengue, endemic in puerto Rico, is a major public health problem. Vaccines are thought the best means to prevent dengue because vector control alone has been largely ineffective. We implemented qualitative studies in 2006 and 2010 to determine the acceptability of conducting placebo-controlled dengue vaccine efficacy trials in puerto Rican children. Key informant interviews and focus groups with parents and children were conducted in municipalities with high dengue incidence. We used structured open-ended questions to determine motivators and attitudes regarding vaccine trial participation. Knowledge about dengue risk and prevention, and knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding vaccines and vaccine trials were assessed. Using grounded theory, we conducted content analysis and established categories and sub-categories of participant responses. all participants were knowledgeable about dengue prevention and perceived children as most affected age groups. participants were aware of vaccines benefits and they thought a vaccine could prevent dengue. However, most would not allow their children to participate in a placebo-controlled vaccine trial. Barriers included lack of trust in new vaccines and vaccine trial procedures; fear of developing dengue or side effects from the vaccine and lack of information about candidate dengue vaccines. participants thought information, including results of previous trials might overcome barriers to participation. Motivators for participation were altruism, protection from dengue, free medical attention, and compensation for transportation and participation. parents would consider children participation if accurate vaccine trial information is provided.
Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 2005
La investigación objetiva a comparar la educación que poseen las diabéticas embarazadas antes y d... more La investigación objetiva a comparar la educación que poseen las diabéticas embarazadas antes y después de recibir el Programa Educativo para el Autocuidado de la Diabetes Mellitus en sus factores: conocimientos teóricos, capacitación práctica, y actitudes frente a la Diabetes. Asimismo se determinó la relación existente entre las variables: características clínicas, socioeconómicas, y nivel de instrucción de las embarazadas con los resultados de la medición de los conocimientos de dicho Programa. El diseño fue de tipo cuasi-experimental (con un solo grupo de pre y post test), correlacional y prospectiva. Se utilizó el análisis descriptivo y el estadístico t de student. Se estudiaron 64 pacientes en dos años, donde 46.9% tenían Diabetes Gestacional; el 61.6% pertenecían a los estratos sociales IV y V y 33.1% tenían primaria completa o secundaria incompleta. Los hallazgos señalan la efectividad del Programa Educativo aplicado a las pacientes de la Unidad de Diabetes y Embarazo - Hosp...
Columbia University Press eBooks, Dec 31, 1978
El proyecto, que no ha necesitado una inversión económica externa para su puesta en marcha, ofert... more El proyecto, que no ha necesitado una inversión económica externa para su puesta en marcha, oferta al alumnado de una formación de carácter transversal dirigida a su futuro profesional como docente, investigador de la Historia o gestor del patrimonio histórico documental. Se trata de una iniciativa que fomenta el conocimiento práctico de los archivos históricos y de los recursos digitales disponibles que aporta las competencias necesarias para un posterior proceso de autoaprendizaje y mejora de aptitudes
La tesis doctoral de Carmen Fragero Guerra, que lleva por título "Soñar la vida". La narrativa de... more La tesis doctoral de Carmen Fragero Guerra, que lleva por título "Soñar la vida". La narrativa de Carmen de Icaza (1936-1960), constituye una aportación más que solvente al rescate de la narrativa de autores (en este caso, además, una mujer) adeptos al fascismo tras la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939). Si bien no podemos encuadrar a nuestra escritora dentro de los que Albert ha denominado "vanguardistas de camisa azul", tampoco debe ocultarse que durante las décadas centrales del siglo pasado las novelas de Icaza se convirtieron en un fenómeno de masas que coexistió con la "alta literatura" tremendista de Cela (La familia de Pascual Duarte), o bien con el realismo subjetivo y a flor de piel de Carmen Laforet en Nada, por citar dos nombres canónicos. Pero Carmen de Icaza fue bastante más que la responsable de Cristina Guzmán, profesora de idiomas, un best seller en su tiempo, como han intentado reivindicar Martín Gaite, primero, y más recientemente Servén, entre otros críticos reevaluados aquí por Fragero. La presente tesis aspira a ofrecer el primer estudio de conjunto de la trayectoria literaria icaziana (1936-1960), en virtud de una metodología que participa de la sociología de la literatura, la narratología, el New Historicism, la crítica de la recepción, los Cultural Studies y, en menor medida, de los estudios de género. A lo largo de once capítulos, la doctoranda pasa revista no solo a los diversos avatares biográficos de Icaza (con más de un hallazgo), sino a una producción narrativa que asimiló muchas de las claves folletinescas de mediados del XIX para abrir nuevas sendas para la novela femenina (más que feminista) de nuestros días. A la luz del cotejo con otras escritoras de la primera mitad del XX, como Luisa María López Linares, o poco después, la citada Martín Gaite, Fragero analiza con detalle títulos como Cristina Guzmán, profesora de idiomas, ¡Quién sabe!, El tiempo vuelve y Las horas contadas. Particular interés reviste (por el material exhumado) la sección relativa a la actividad de Icaza al frente de Auxilio Social y el devenir en Córdoba de esta institución de beneficencia. La presente tesis viene avalada, asimismo, por la publicación de tres artículos en revistas científicas, de ahí que considere que cumple todos los requisitos (estado de la cuestión, metodología, análisis, conclusiones y bibliografía) para su defensa.
Colombia Medica, 2014
Introduction. The surgical management of cholesteatoma. You can opt for a closed technique (masto... more Introduction. The surgical management of cholesteatoma. You can opt for a closed technique (mastoidectomy simple) or open surgery (radical mastoidectomy). The open mastoidectomy with reconstruction of the posterior wall of the middle ear reconstruction in one surgery combines the advantages of both techniques as adequate surgical exposure, eradication of cholesteatoma and anatomical reconstruction of the middle ear structures. Objective. To evaluate the surgical results in the management of cholesteatoma with the technique of open mastoidectomy with reconstruction of the posterior wall and the middle ear in one surgery. Methods. Prospective analytical observational study conducted between 2009-2012 with patients undergoing this surgical technique in the Hospital Universitario del Valle, performing preoperative clinical monitoring and quarterly postoperative tomography and previous assessments of hearing and pre -and postoperative audiometry. Results. 45 patients were studied. Mean P...
Revista Enfermagem UERJ, Jul 19, 2013
INTRODUCCIÓN La salud sexual es un proceso de búsqueda permanente de bienestar físico, psicológic... more INTRODUCCIÓN La salud sexual es un proceso de búsqueda permanente de bienestar físico, psicológico, sociológico y espiritual, que hace que los adolescentes se expresen libre y responsablemente con disfrute y placer. Para lograrlo es necesario que conozcan, respeten y garanticen sus propios derechos sexuales y los de otras personas. Sin SIGNIFICACIÓN DE LA SALUD SEXUAL COMO VALOR EN ADOLESCENTES: ESTUDIO FENOMENOLÓGICO
Ethnicity & disease, 2007
To determine the association between functional health literacy and physical and mental health st... more To determine the association between functional health literacy and physical and mental health status in a sample of Latinos and African Americans. A cross-sectional study that used a demographics questionnaire, the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA), the physical component summary (PCS-12) and mental component summary (MCS-12) scales of the SF-12, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index in a sample of 1301 Medicaid and/or Medicare Latino and African American adult patients at four community clinics and one university-based general medicine practice in Philadelphia. When stratified by inadequate, marginal, and adequate functional health literacy levels and compared to SF-12 population norm scores of 50.0, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) PCS-12 scores were 38.8 (11.2), 38.5 (11.1), 42.7 (11.4), respectively (P < .0001); the mean (SD) MCS-12 scores were 43.3 (11.2), 43.5 (10.4), 44.3 (11.7), respectively (P = .39). After adjusting for sociodemographic confo...
Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making
Little is known about the effect of guidelines that recommend shared decision making on physician... more Little is known about the effect of guidelines that recommend shared decision making on physician practice patterns. The objective of this study was to determine the association between physicians' perceived effect of guidelines on clinical practice and self-reported prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening patterns. This was a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of 3914 primary care physicians participating in the 1998-1999 Community Tracking Study Physician Survey. Responses to a case vignette that asked physicians what proportion of asymptomatic 60-year-old white men they would screen with a PSA were divided into 3 distinct groups: consistent PSA screeners (screen all), variable screeners (screen 1%- 99%), and consistent nonscreeners (screen none). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between PSA screening patterns and physician-reported effect of guidelines (no effect v. any magnitude effect). Only 27% of physicians were varia...
Laryngeal histoplasmosis usually occurs in immunocompromised patients through the dissemination o... more Laryngeal histoplasmosis usually occurs in immunocompromised patients through the dissemination of the fungus from the lungs to other organs. Histoplasmosis isolated laryngeal (primary) is rare. If a patient presents with a history of renal transplant immunosuppression, primary histoplasmosis with laryngeal supraglottic granulomatous inflammation that was treated with amphotericin B and itraconazole, with complete resolution of laryngeal lesions. Reporte de caso Histoplasmosis laríngea: reporte de primer caso en Colombia
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 1997
Classical serological screening assays for Chagas' disease are time consuming and subjective.... more Classical serological screening assays for Chagas' disease are time consuming and subjective. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the enzyme immuno-assay (ELISA) methodology and to propose an algorithm for blood banks to be applied to Chagas' disease. Seven thousand, nine hundred and ninety nine blood donor samples were screened by both reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Samples reactive on RPHA and/or IFA were submitted to supplementary RPHA, IFA and complement fixation (CFA) tests. This strategy allowed us to create a panel of 60 samples to evaluate the ELISA methodology from 3 different manufacturers. The sensitivity of the screening by IFA and the 3 different ELISA's was 100%. The specificity was better on ELISA methodology. For Chagas disease, ELISA seems to be the best test for blood donor screening, because it showed high sensitivity and specificity, it is not subjective and can be automated. Therefore...
Investigaciones Feministas, 2014
RESUMEN Fifty Shades of Grey (2011), escrita por la autora inglesa E.L. James, está teniendo much... more RESUMEN Fifty Shades of Grey (2011), escrita por la autora inglesa E.L. James, está teniendo mucho éxito entre los lectores españoles en la actualidad. En estas líneas, demuestro la falta de creatividad de la autora enumerando los códigos populares de su novela. Para dar autoridad a estos códigos, comparo Fifty Shades of Grey con una novela popular española anterior, Cristina Guzmán, profesora de idiomas (1936). También, explico la respuesta de los lectores en el contexto histórico y social español.
Revista médica de Chile, 2003
High risk febrile neutropenia in acute leukemia. The experience of a public hospital Background: ... more High risk febrile neutropenia in acute leukemia. The experience of a public hospital Background: Febrile neutropenia is one of the most important problems to face during the treatment of acute leukemia. Aim: To assess the results of a standardized protocol for the treatment of febrile neutropenia and compare it with a period in which treatment was not standardized. Patients and methods: One hundred and eight episodes of febrile neutropenia in 69 patients, treated with a standardized antimicrobial protocol between 1996 and 2001, were analyzed. The protocol consisted in the use of a combination of antimicrobial whose spectrum was broadened progressively according to the isolated microorganisms and the involved foci. These were compared with 83 episodes in 54 patients, treated without standardized protocols between 1990 and 1995. Results: Both groups of patients were comparable. Their ages ranged from 15 to 65 years old. The male/female ratio was 1.3 and the lymphoblastic/myeloid leukemia ratio was 1.4. Sixty one percent of episodes occurred during induction chemotherapy and mean duration of neutropenia was 17 days. A clinically significant focus was identified in 72% of episodes and a microorganism was isolated blood culture in 35% of them. There was a predominance of gram negative organisms. The mortality decreased from 18 to 9% in the period 1996-2000 (p=0.094). Conclusions: The use of a standardized antimicrobial protocol reduced the mortality in febrile neutropenia, even when colony stimulating factors and filtered air rooms are unavailable (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1023-30).
Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias, 2014
Utility of cytology by transbronchial needle aspiration for diagnosing mediastinal nodal involvem... more Utility of cytology by transbronchial needle aspiration for diagnosing mediastinal nodal involvement in lung cancer staging Introduction: Mediastinal nodal involvement is essential in lung cancer staging. This can be performed with transbronchial needle aspiration using a flexible bronchoscope. We present the experience of the Instituto Nacional del Tórax. Material and Methods: Retrospective study. The procedure was performed in patients with mediastinal nodes greater than 1 cm on computed tomography of the chest. Results: In 132 bronchoscopies, 136 transbronchial needle aspirations for cytological studies were performed, 98 (72%) in subcarinal nodes and 38 (28%) in other locations. In 64 (47.1%) samples, lung cancer was diagnosed. In 100 (73,5%) cases the final diagnosis was lung cancer with mediastinal involvement. In this series transbronchial needle aspiration had a sensitivity of 64% for lung cancer diagnosis. There were no complications. Conclusions: Transbronchial needle aspiration cytology is safe and useful for the diagnosis and staging of the mediastinum in lung cancer patients.
PUNTO DE VISTA, 2013
El emprendimiento como campo de investigación se encuentra en proceso para consolidar un escenari... more El emprendimiento como campo de investigación se encuentra en proceso para consolidar un escenario conceptual; muchos estudios giran alrededor de la empresa, desconociendo a la persona, y al emprendimiento se le nombra en la literatura como entrepreneur, conservando este término su origen francés por la inadecuada traducción a otros idiomas. Esta problemática motiva la realización de una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de recopilar y sistematizar los conceptos emitidos por diferentes autores acerca de la definición y caracterización del emprendedor, lo que servirá de soporte para futuras investigaciones. El documento se desarrolla en tres secciones: la primera, trata del emprendimiento como campo de investigación, su legitimidad, producción literaria, y el emprendimiento en Asia Pacífico; en la segunda parte se sistematizan los aportes de cada autor; finalmente, se ofrecen las conclusiones.
Revista médica de Chile, 2009
Original and abbreviated Zarit caregiver burden scales. Validation in Chile Background: Six perce... more Original and abbreviated Zarit caregiver burden scales. Validation in Chile Background: Six percent of the Chilean population has a disability requiring assistance with daily-living-activities and 69% of these individuals are cared by direct family members. The latter are at risk of developing caregiver burden. Zarit scales are used to assess the severity of caregiver burden. Aim: To validate the original and abbreviated Zarit scales for caregiver burden. Material and methods: Two groups of interviewers applied the original and abbreviated Zarit scales, along with a single subjective indicator for burden and surveys for depression, to 32 caregivers from an outpatient clinic in Melipilla, Chile. In 22 subjects, the instruments were applied again, four months later. Results: Both Zarit scales showed high correlation with the subjective indicator for burden and with depression (r =0.51 and 0.67, respectively), supporting its construct validity. The abbreviated scale had a high correlation with the original scale (r =0.92), supporting its criterion validity. It had a 100% sensitivity, 77.7%, specificity, 86.6% positive predictive value and 100% negative predictive value to discriminate severe caregiver burden, using the original scale as standard. Both instruments showed high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha =0.84 and 0.87, respectively), inter-observer reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient =0.81 and 0.86, respectively) and stability reliability (Kappa test-retest =0.91 and 0.93, respectively). Conclusions: Both original and abbreviated Zarit burden scales are valid to assess caregivers burden in a Chilean context. The abbreviated scale seemed particularly useful for primary care (Rev Méd Chile 2009; 137: 657-65).
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2012
Dengue, endemic in puerto Rico, is a major public health problem. Vaccines are thought the best m... more Dengue, endemic in puerto Rico, is a major public health problem. Vaccines are thought the best means to prevent dengue because vector control alone has been largely ineffective. We implemented qualitative studies in 2006 and 2010 to determine the acceptability of conducting placebo-controlled dengue vaccine efficacy trials in puerto Rican children. Key informant interviews and focus groups with parents and children were conducted in municipalities with high dengue incidence. We used structured open-ended questions to determine motivators and attitudes regarding vaccine trial participation. Knowledge about dengue risk and prevention, and knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding vaccines and vaccine trials were assessed. Using grounded theory, we conducted content analysis and established categories and sub-categories of participant responses. all participants were knowledgeable about dengue prevention and perceived children as most affected age groups. participants were aware of vaccines benefits and they thought a vaccine could prevent dengue. However, most would not allow their children to participate in a placebo-controlled vaccine trial. Barriers included lack of trust in new vaccines and vaccine trial procedures; fear of developing dengue or side effects from the vaccine and lack of information about candidate dengue vaccines. participants thought information, including results of previous trials might overcome barriers to participation. Motivators for participation were altruism, protection from dengue, free medical attention, and compensation for transportation and participation. parents would consider children participation if accurate vaccine trial information is provided.
Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 2005
La investigación objetiva a comparar la educación que poseen las diabéticas embarazadas antes y d... more La investigación objetiva a comparar la educación que poseen las diabéticas embarazadas antes y después de recibir el Programa Educativo para el Autocuidado de la Diabetes Mellitus en sus factores: conocimientos teóricos, capacitación práctica, y actitudes frente a la Diabetes. Asimismo se determinó la relación existente entre las variables: características clínicas, socioeconómicas, y nivel de instrucción de las embarazadas con los resultados de la medición de los conocimientos de dicho Programa. El diseño fue de tipo cuasi-experimental (con un solo grupo de pre y post test), correlacional y prospectiva. Se utilizó el análisis descriptivo y el estadístico t de student. Se estudiaron 64 pacientes en dos años, donde 46.9% tenían Diabetes Gestacional; el 61.6% pertenecían a los estratos sociales IV y V y 33.1% tenían primaria completa o secundaria incompleta. Los hallazgos señalan la efectividad del Programa Educativo aplicado a las pacientes de la Unidad de Diabetes y Embarazo - Hosp...
Aproximaciones a la configuración de identidad en la cultura y sociedad hispanas e italianas contemporáneas, 2020
Para descifrar algunas claves de la identidad femenina y su evolución durante el franquismo, desd... more Para descifrar algunas claves de la identidad femenina y su evolución durante el franquismo, desde la Guerra Civil hasta el final de los años 50, estudiaremos (1) el concepto de identidad social, (2) Carmen de Icaza como personaje político y novelista, (3) el modelo de identidad femenino ofrecido tanto en sus discursos políticos como en su narrativa, y, por último, (4) las fisuras de la imagen de identidad femenina icaziana.
Para descifrar algunas claves de la identidad femenina y su evolución durante el franquismo, desd... more Para descifrar algunas claves de la identidad femenina y su evolución durante el franquismo, desde la Guerra Civil hasta el final de los años 50, estudiaremos (1) el concepto de identidad social, (2) Carmen de Icaza como personaje político y novelista, (3) el modelo de identidad femenino ofrecido tanto en sus discursos políticos como en su narrativa, y, por último, (4) las fisuras de la imagen de identidad femenina icaziana.