Carolina Agüero - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Books by Carolina Agüero
Qillqa Ediciones, Antofagasta, 2018
Atlas Arqueológico para niños: conociendo a los antiguos habitantes de mi región”, se denomina el... more Atlas Arqueológico para niños: conociendo a los antiguos habitantes de mi región”, se denomina el libro que el Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo (IIAM) ha publicado para contar la historia de la Región de Antofagasta desde sus primeros habitantes hasta el presente. Fue el producto de un Proyecto Explora-CONICYT cuyo fin fue crear material didáctico de contenido científico, contando la historia desde los primeros habitantes de la zona hasta el presente (10.000 AC – s. XXI).
http://atlasarqueologico.cl
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"Este libro es un importante aporte a la comprensión del complejo Pica-Tarapacá y al significado ... more "Este libro es un importante aporte a la comprensión del complejo Pica-Tarapacá y al significado de la evidencia textil en arqueología. Posee, por lo tanto, una relevancia regional a nivel del Área Centro-Sur Andina, pero también más general, sobre todo como una contribución metodológica para rescatar con los medios de la arqueología el tema de las identidades sociales y culturales en los Andes prehispánicos. Se trata de una obra muy esperada, ya que sintetiza, desarrolla y actualiza las investigaciones de su autora desde hace unos 15 años sobre el tema, algunas de las cuales se hayan repartidas en diferentes revistas científicas."
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Este estudio se centró en el análisis de 147 inkuñas o textiles para contener hojas de coca, mate... more Este estudio se centró en el análisis de 147 inkuñas o textiles para contener hojas de coca, material procedente de cementerios prehispánicos del valle de Azapa, así como de la costa de Arica, extremo norte de Chile; dichos textiles fueron clasificados tipológicamente con el objeto de definir la forma y la función de la inkuña arqueológica. Al mismo tiempo, utilizando el análisis iconográfico y estilístico se definen varios estilos textiles que aparecen en la zona durante los siglos previos al arribo hispano (1000-1500 d.C.), lo cual verifica la ocupación multiétnica de la zona, tesis previamente formulada por diversos investigadores del área centro-sur andina. Las autoras son académicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P. Gustavo Le Paige s. j., Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama. Casilla 17, Correo San Pedro de Atacama, II Región, Chile.
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La autora somete a prueba la tesis propuesta por algunos investigadores acerca de que la sociedad... more La autora somete a prueba la tesis propuesta por algunos investigadores acerca de que la sociedad Pica Tarapaca (Chile) presenta componentes espaciales y culturales diferenciados al interior de la Subárea Valles Occidentales. Para esto analiza principalmente túnicas de cementerios de esta entidad cultural a fin de examinar de qué manera la vestimenta expresa la identidad cultural de sus miembros, así como hasta que punto el vestuario da cuenta de la complejidad sociopolítica que se está procesando en la sociedad tarapaqueña ca. 800-1300 d.C.en términos de surgimiento, desarrollo y consolidación de esta sociedad. Agüero parte de la hipotesis de que si Pica Tarapacá ha sido reconocida como unidad sociopolítica por diversos autores, la afiliación de sus miembros tiene que haberse expresado en la cultura material, particularmente en una identidad textil y en un estilo de vestimenta superpuestos a dicha identidad.
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Papers by Carolina Agüero
Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Arqueología, Dec 27, 2022
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PLOS ONE
Standardized Inka tunics, or unku, were created under the auspices of the state as symbolic expre... more Standardized Inka tunics, or unku, were created under the auspices of the state as symbolic expressions of its expansionist power. To ensure these textiles acquired the status of effective insignias of power and territorial control, the Inka established and imposed technical and stylistic canons for their production (techne) by means of highly-skilled state weavers. In the provinces, social groups that came under imperial rule, local expert weaving agents adopted the conventions of the state and included meaningful symbolic elements of the idiosyncrasies, traditions, and experiential knowledge of the local community (metis). We therefore propose that this was not a unidirectional process and that the Caleta Vitor Inka unku (hereon referred to as the CV unku), presented here, reflects a syncretism promoted by local weavers. In terms of methods, we have developed a decoding tool for the unku, with the aim of distinguishing state from local hallmarks, thereby revealing the syncretic co...
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PLOS ONE, 2023
Standardized Inka tunics, or unku, were created under the auspices of the state as symbolic expre... more Standardized Inka tunics, or unku, were created under the auspices of the state as symbolic expressions of its expansionist power. To ensure these textiles acquired the status of effective insignias of power and territorial control, the Inka established and imposed technical and stylistic canons for their production (techne) by means of highly-skilled state weavers. In the provinces, social groups that came under imperial rule, local expert weaving agents adopted the conventions of the state and included meaningful symbolic elements of the idiosyncrasies, traditions, and experiential knowledge of the local community (metis). We therefore propose that this was not a unidirectional process and that the Caleta Vitor Inka unku (hereon referred to as the CV unku), presented here, reflects a syncretism promoted by local weavers. In terms of methods, we have developed a decoding tool for the unku, with the aim of distinguishing state from local hallmarks, thereby revealing the syncretic complexity of these iconic tunics. This methodological tool is based on a series of standard analytical parameters and attributes linked to morphological, technological, and stylistic features, which we applied to the CV unku. Unlike others, this unku does come from a looted tomb but was scientifically excavated in a cemetery located in the Caleta Vitor Bay in northern Chile. By deconstructing the CV unku we determined the steps in the chaîne opé ratoire at which local technical and stylistic elements were incorporated, thus affecting or transforming, in part, its emblematic imperial imagery. This study also marks a step forward in our understanding of a syncretic landscape that combines the state worldview and organized production system (imperial Inka) with craft-production practices that were rooted in provincial and local communities (provincial Inka).
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Estudios atacameños, 2019
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Andean past, 2009
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Quaternary International, 2018
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Estudios Atacameños. Arqueología y antropología surandinas., 2000
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Estudios atacameños, 2013
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Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022
The analysis of archaeological ceramics has rapidly evolved over the last decades by the applicat... more The analysis of archaeological ceramics has rapidly evolved over the last decades by the application of new analytical techniques. An emerging analytical proposal to fully characterise archaeological ceramics using automated SEM mineralogy is presented. A case study is provided of sets of ceramics from the San Pedro de Atacama oases in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile. Ceramic fragments of different typologies (i.e., Los Morros, Loa Café Alisado and San Pedro Negro Pulido) found in the Ghatchi archaeological sites are analysed. Our results include automated mineralogical maps, which are used to define the components that form the ceramic pastes, i.e., clay matrix and non-plastic inclusions, as well as grain size and mineral abundance information. We show that the pastes that define the studied ceramic types are more complex than previously suggested. The overall composition for these pastes corresponds to clay mineral-rich matrices containing non-plastic inclusions, such as mineral grains, crushed ceramic fragments, and sedimentary to igneous rock fragments, that may vary in composition, size, and abundance among the studied ceramic types. This mineralogical information allows us to discuss possible sources of raw materials by comparing these paste components with geological information. Here we interpret Los Morros and Loa Café Alisado as foreign ceramic types to Ghatchi, whereas the San Pedro Negro Pulido fragments found in this site agree well with the pottery paste recipe typically recognised in the San Pedro de Atacama oases. The petrographic-approach employed here supports the automated SEM mineralogy as a valid option for archaeometric studies of ceramic pastes since includes precise quantitative data formulated from the chemical composition of each component of the paste, which may provide valuable evidence into raw materials and technological styles.
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Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, 2007
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Estudios atacameños, 2005
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Chungará (Arica), 2000
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AISTHESIS, 2021
Quillagua es un pequeño oasis junto al río Loa. La etnohistoria registra la convivencia de poblac... more Quillagua es un pequeño oasis junto al río Loa. La etnohistoria registra la convivencia de poblaciones indígenas de distinta tradición cultural. Picas tenían derechos territoriales hacia abajo de un poste de madera pintado y cepillado, mientras atacamas hacia arriba. Estas categorías no eran geográficas sino indicaciones de una organización social dual. Aquí, indagamos en las expresiones materiales y visuales de esta tensa ocupación intercultural. Ponemos atención al registro arqueológico posterior al 900 d. C., época en que los actores desarrollaron numerosos ejercicios político-sociales, mediante la construcción de un paisaje visual.
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Estudios Atacameños, 2018
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Radiocarbon, 2017
Pica 8 is a Late Intermediate Period (AD 900–1450) cemetery located in the Atacama Desert. Burial... more Pica 8 is a Late Intermediate Period (AD 900–1450) cemetery located in the Atacama Desert. Burials at the site present unexpectedly high variability in δ13C (–8‰ to –16‰) and δ15N (10‰ to 24‰) values in their skeletal tissues, implying highly diverse diets. There are two possible explanations for this variability: the first is diachronic change in diet while the second involves synchronic sociocultural distinctions. To distinguish between them a radiocarbon (14C) dating program (n=23) was initiated. The presumed importance of marine foods adds the complication of a marine reservoir effect. To address this problem, paired 14C dates were obtained on human bone and camelid textiles from nine graves. The results fall into two groups, one showing an average offset of 117±9 14C yr, and the other no statistically significant offsets. We conclude that the contribution of marine foods to bone collagen at Pica 8 was less than previously supposed. Other factors must be invoked to account for t...
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Actas del XVI Congreso Nacional de Arqueología Chilena, 2005
At the circumpunean area had been commom Yavi pottery and its presence had consolidated along the... more At the circumpunean area had been commom Yavi pottery and its presence had consolidated along the time in the regional archaeology. The origins of Yavi style are in the contact point between Meridional Altiplano, the Atacamenian Puna and Northwestern Argentina, close 3.500 m.asl and communicating with the Andean east. In the Atacama Desert there are accord to attribute this situation to the Inka expansion, for this reason we present our study about an emblematic collection related with Yavi style, belong to the domestic and mortuary site named Doncellas from Cochinoca (Jujuy, Argentina). Therefore, we analyze the pottery and related textiles and make appreciations about the Yavi style and its ethnic and politics consecuences for the circumpunean late prehistory.
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Qillqa Ediciones, Antofagasta, 2018
Atlas Arqueológico para niños: conociendo a los antiguos habitantes de mi región”, se denomina el... more Atlas Arqueológico para niños: conociendo a los antiguos habitantes de mi región”, se denomina el libro que el Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo (IIAM) ha publicado para contar la historia de la Región de Antofagasta desde sus primeros habitantes hasta el presente. Fue el producto de un Proyecto Explora-CONICYT cuyo fin fue crear material didáctico de contenido científico, contando la historia desde los primeros habitantes de la zona hasta el presente (10.000 AC – s. XXI).
http://atlasarqueologico.cl
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"Este libro es un importante aporte a la comprensión del complejo Pica-Tarapacá y al significado ... more "Este libro es un importante aporte a la comprensión del complejo Pica-Tarapacá y al significado de la evidencia textil en arqueología. Posee, por lo tanto, una relevancia regional a nivel del Área Centro-Sur Andina, pero también más general, sobre todo como una contribución metodológica para rescatar con los medios de la arqueología el tema de las identidades sociales y culturales en los Andes prehispánicos. Se trata de una obra muy esperada, ya que sintetiza, desarrolla y actualiza las investigaciones de su autora desde hace unos 15 años sobre el tema, algunas de las cuales se hayan repartidas en diferentes revistas científicas."
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Este estudio se centró en el análisis de 147 inkuñas o textiles para contener hojas de coca, mate... more Este estudio se centró en el análisis de 147 inkuñas o textiles para contener hojas de coca, material procedente de cementerios prehispánicos del valle de Azapa, así como de la costa de Arica, extremo norte de Chile; dichos textiles fueron clasificados tipológicamente con el objeto de definir la forma y la función de la inkuña arqueológica. Al mismo tiempo, utilizando el análisis iconográfico y estilístico se definen varios estilos textiles que aparecen en la zona durante los siglos previos al arribo hispano (1000-1500 d.C.), lo cual verifica la ocupación multiétnica de la zona, tesis previamente formulada por diversos investigadores del área centro-sur andina. Las autoras son académicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P. Gustavo Le Paige s. j., Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama. Casilla 17, Correo San Pedro de Atacama, II Región, Chile.
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La autora somete a prueba la tesis propuesta por algunos investigadores acerca de que la sociedad... more La autora somete a prueba la tesis propuesta por algunos investigadores acerca de que la sociedad Pica Tarapaca (Chile) presenta componentes espaciales y culturales diferenciados al interior de la Subárea Valles Occidentales. Para esto analiza principalmente túnicas de cementerios de esta entidad cultural a fin de examinar de qué manera la vestimenta expresa la identidad cultural de sus miembros, así como hasta que punto el vestuario da cuenta de la complejidad sociopolítica que se está procesando en la sociedad tarapaqueña ca. 800-1300 d.C.en términos de surgimiento, desarrollo y consolidación de esta sociedad. Agüero parte de la hipotesis de que si Pica Tarapacá ha sido reconocida como unidad sociopolítica por diversos autores, la afiliación de sus miembros tiene que haberse expresado en la cultura material, particularmente en una identidad textil y en un estilo de vestimenta superpuestos a dicha identidad.
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Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Arqueología, Dec 27, 2022
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PLOS ONE
Standardized Inka tunics, or unku, were created under the auspices of the state as symbolic expre... more Standardized Inka tunics, or unku, were created under the auspices of the state as symbolic expressions of its expansionist power. To ensure these textiles acquired the status of effective insignias of power and territorial control, the Inka established and imposed technical and stylistic canons for their production (techne) by means of highly-skilled state weavers. In the provinces, social groups that came under imperial rule, local expert weaving agents adopted the conventions of the state and included meaningful symbolic elements of the idiosyncrasies, traditions, and experiential knowledge of the local community (metis). We therefore propose that this was not a unidirectional process and that the Caleta Vitor Inka unku (hereon referred to as the CV unku), presented here, reflects a syncretism promoted by local weavers. In terms of methods, we have developed a decoding tool for the unku, with the aim of distinguishing state from local hallmarks, thereby revealing the syncretic co...
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PLOS ONE, 2023
Standardized Inka tunics, or unku, were created under the auspices of the state as symbolic expre... more Standardized Inka tunics, or unku, were created under the auspices of the state as symbolic expressions of its expansionist power. To ensure these textiles acquired the status of effective insignias of power and territorial control, the Inka established and imposed technical and stylistic canons for their production (techne) by means of highly-skilled state weavers. In the provinces, social groups that came under imperial rule, local expert weaving agents adopted the conventions of the state and included meaningful symbolic elements of the idiosyncrasies, traditions, and experiential knowledge of the local community (metis). We therefore propose that this was not a unidirectional process and that the Caleta Vitor Inka unku (hereon referred to as the CV unku), presented here, reflects a syncretism promoted by local weavers. In terms of methods, we have developed a decoding tool for the unku, with the aim of distinguishing state from local hallmarks, thereby revealing the syncretic complexity of these iconic tunics. This methodological tool is based on a series of standard analytical parameters and attributes linked to morphological, technological, and stylistic features, which we applied to the CV unku. Unlike others, this unku does come from a looted tomb but was scientifically excavated in a cemetery located in the Caleta Vitor Bay in northern Chile. By deconstructing the CV unku we determined the steps in the chaîne opé ratoire at which local technical and stylistic elements were incorporated, thus affecting or transforming, in part, its emblematic imperial imagery. This study also marks a step forward in our understanding of a syncretic landscape that combines the state worldview and organized production system (imperial Inka) with craft-production practices that were rooted in provincial and local communities (provincial Inka).
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Estudios atacameños, 2019
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Andean past, 2009
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Quaternary International, 2018
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Estudios Atacameños. Arqueología y antropología surandinas., 2000
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Estudios atacameños, 2013
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Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022
The analysis of archaeological ceramics has rapidly evolved over the last decades by the applicat... more The analysis of archaeological ceramics has rapidly evolved over the last decades by the application of new analytical techniques. An emerging analytical proposal to fully characterise archaeological ceramics using automated SEM mineralogy is presented. A case study is provided of sets of ceramics from the San Pedro de Atacama oases in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile. Ceramic fragments of different typologies (i.e., Los Morros, Loa Café Alisado and San Pedro Negro Pulido) found in the Ghatchi archaeological sites are analysed. Our results include automated mineralogical maps, which are used to define the components that form the ceramic pastes, i.e., clay matrix and non-plastic inclusions, as well as grain size and mineral abundance information. We show that the pastes that define the studied ceramic types are more complex than previously suggested. The overall composition for these pastes corresponds to clay mineral-rich matrices containing non-plastic inclusions, such as mineral grains, crushed ceramic fragments, and sedimentary to igneous rock fragments, that may vary in composition, size, and abundance among the studied ceramic types. This mineralogical information allows us to discuss possible sources of raw materials by comparing these paste components with geological information. Here we interpret Los Morros and Loa Café Alisado as foreign ceramic types to Ghatchi, whereas the San Pedro Negro Pulido fragments found in this site agree well with the pottery paste recipe typically recognised in the San Pedro de Atacama oases. The petrographic-approach employed here supports the automated SEM mineralogy as a valid option for archaeometric studies of ceramic pastes since includes precise quantitative data formulated from the chemical composition of each component of the paste, which may provide valuable evidence into raw materials and technological styles.
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Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, 2007
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Estudios atacameños, 2005
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Chungará (Arica), 2000
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AISTHESIS, 2021
Quillagua es un pequeño oasis junto al río Loa. La etnohistoria registra la convivencia de poblac... more Quillagua es un pequeño oasis junto al río Loa. La etnohistoria registra la convivencia de poblaciones indígenas de distinta tradición cultural. Picas tenían derechos territoriales hacia abajo de un poste de madera pintado y cepillado, mientras atacamas hacia arriba. Estas categorías no eran geográficas sino indicaciones de una organización social dual. Aquí, indagamos en las expresiones materiales y visuales de esta tensa ocupación intercultural. Ponemos atención al registro arqueológico posterior al 900 d. C., época en que los actores desarrollaron numerosos ejercicios político-sociales, mediante la construcción de un paisaje visual.
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Estudios Atacameños, 2018
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Radiocarbon, 2017
Pica 8 is a Late Intermediate Period (AD 900–1450) cemetery located in the Atacama Desert. Burial... more Pica 8 is a Late Intermediate Period (AD 900–1450) cemetery located in the Atacama Desert. Burials at the site present unexpectedly high variability in δ13C (–8‰ to –16‰) and δ15N (10‰ to 24‰) values in their skeletal tissues, implying highly diverse diets. There are two possible explanations for this variability: the first is diachronic change in diet while the second involves synchronic sociocultural distinctions. To distinguish between them a radiocarbon (14C) dating program (n=23) was initiated. The presumed importance of marine foods adds the complication of a marine reservoir effect. To address this problem, paired 14C dates were obtained on human bone and camelid textiles from nine graves. The results fall into two groups, one showing an average offset of 117±9 14C yr, and the other no statistically significant offsets. We conclude that the contribution of marine foods to bone collagen at Pica 8 was less than previously supposed. Other factors must be invoked to account for t...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Actas del XVI Congreso Nacional de Arqueología Chilena, 2005
At the circumpunean area had been commom Yavi pottery and its presence had consolidated along the... more At the circumpunean area had been commom Yavi pottery and its presence had consolidated along the time in the regional archaeology. The origins of Yavi style are in the contact point between Meridional Altiplano, the Atacamenian Puna and Northwestern Argentina, close 3.500 m.asl and communicating with the Andean east. In the Atacama Desert there are accord to attribute this situation to the Inka expansion, for this reason we present our study about an emblematic collection related with Yavi style, belong to the domestic and mortuary site named Doncellas from Cochinoca (Jujuy, Argentina). Therefore, we analyze the pottery and related textiles and make appreciations about the Yavi style and its ethnic and politics consecuences for the circumpunean late prehistory.
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Estudios atacameños, 2003
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Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena …, 2001
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Gaceta Arqueológica Andina, 2002
A comienzos de siglo, en 1917, Uhle rescató del faldeo noroeste del Morro de Arica y de la Pampa ... more A comienzos de siglo, en 1917, Uhle rescató del faldeo noroeste del Morro de Arica y de la Pampa de Chinchorro, alrededor de 100 cuerpos humanos, muchos de los cuales presentaban momificación artificial. Posteriormente, este investigador también adqurió por concepto de compra, material cultural funerario arcaico y cuerpos sin momificar artificialmente, con el que incrementó esta colección, la cual constituyó el referente en base al cual formuló el Período de los Aborígenes de Arica, segunda fase dentro de la secuencia cultural elaborada por él para el norte de Chile. Inicialmente este material ingresó al Museo Histórico Nacional, y en 1970 se traslada al Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, en Santiago de Chile, donde se encuentra depositada hasta hoy día. Con el presente trabajo se intenta mostrar la posibilidad de recuperar el valor de esta antigua colección arqueológica, utilizándola para beneficio de investigaciones actuales. En esta oportunidad, hemos revisado parte de este material cultural arcaico, específicamente los artefactos textiles, para, a través de un análisis tecnológico, obtener información que ayude a situar a los restos arqueológicos en términos cronológicos y culturales, y finalmente, sugerir que la industria textil local representada por los artefactos de fibra vegetal macerada, destaca la especialización económica marítima del grupo humano que la desarrolló.
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Gaceta Arqueológica Andina, 1999
En el curso inferior del río Loa, a 70 km de su desembocadura, nos encontramos con el oasis de Qu... more En el curso inferior del río Loa, a 70 km de su desembocadura, nos encontramos con el oasis de Quillagua donde la caja del río se abre dejando a sus lados amplias terrazas naturales que rompen la monocromía del desierto de Atacama con su color verde y vegetal. Actualmente allí se arraigan algarrobos y chañares que dan sombra a cultivos de alfalfa, útiles para la alimentación de un escaso número de ovejas y llamos, que mantiene una también escasa población local. El abandono en que se encuentra en este momento el valle, contrasta con la idea que nos hacemos luego de observar la profusión de sitios arqueológicos cuya cronología mantiene una continuidad desde el Formativo al Tardío y cuyos depósitos muestran una variedad de elementos tanto locales, como otros que vinculan a Quillagua con ámbitos costeros y del interior. Así, la densidad de las ocupaciones arqueológicas y la información otorgada por las fuentes documentales nos muestran que en la prehistoria, Quillagua constituyó un espacio apetecido, lo mismo que en el pasado histórico. Avanzada. ...
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Mujeres del Pasado y Presente: Una Visión desde la Arqueología Peruana, Carito Tavera Medina y Lady Santana Quispe (Eds.). Instituto Peruano de (ISBN:978-612-48256-4-4)., 2022
In general, in all lithic media with Tiwanaku iconography, male zoomorphic and anthropomorphic pe... more In general, in all lithic media with Tiwanaku iconography, male zoomorphic and anthropomorphic personages and a curious absence of women have been recognized. In the category of frontal personages, one present in the Bennett Monolith shows exceptional characteristics. In this sense, we present a new interpretation of this figure and its iconographic context, based on two categories of knowledge, on the one hand, the study, description, analysis and classification of images, and on the other that of connoisseurs of indigenous traditions, thus carrying out collaborative work. Other considerations also encourage this writing, to propose, according to contextual elements of the iconography related to Andean knowledge, that what is represented in the icons of this monolith is a travel ritual performed by a woman incense burner (sahumadora), being who travel, itinerant healers transporting the cactus San Pedro (Echinopsis pachanoi syn Trichocereus pachanoi).
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In: PreColumbian Textile Conference VIII / Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VIII, ed. Lena Bjerregaard and Ann Peters (Lincoln, NE: Zea Books, 2020). https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/PreColumbian Textile Conference VIII / Jornadas de Textiles PreColombinos VIII (2019), 2020
We present a synthesis of an investigation designed to identify textile representations in the ic... more We present a synthesis of an investigation designed to identify textile representations in the icons of the Tiwanaku lithic sculpture, using a componential analysis to segregate motifs and elements in its three main figures: Frontal Personage, Profile Personage and Belt Band. Then the textiles depicted are identified in archaeological collections in Chile, Peru and Bolivia in order to define patterns of spatial distribution of the garment types and their iconography in different areas of the Tiwanaku sphere. In addition, this study has been complemented with an exploration of ancestral knowledge about the icons embodied in these figures that relates to medicine plants or master plants. Together with what the differential distributions may indicate, this opens up new and interesting interpretative approaches.
Nous présentons la synthèse d’une recherche destinée à identifier les représentations textiles dans les icônes de la sculpture lithique Tiwanaku en utilisant une analyse componentielle afin de distinguer les motifs et les éléments présents dans ses trois principales figures : Personnage Frontal, de Profil et Ceinture. Ensuite les textiles référencés ont été identifiés dans les collections archéologiques du Chili, du Pérou et de Bolivie pour définir les modèles de distribution spatiale des tissus et leur iconographie dans les différentes zones d’influence de Tiwanaku. Aussi, cette étude a été complétée par l’exploration des savoirs ancestraux sur les icônes reproduites dans ces figures et qui sont liées à la consommation de substances psychoactives. Ces éléments, ajoutés à ce que semble indiquer la répartition différentielle, ouvre de nouvelles et intéressantes approches interprétatives.
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El oasis de Quillagua, la frontera interior: Tres siglos de arqueología (Desierto de Atacama, norte de Chile), F. Gallardo (ed.). Qillqa Ediciones, Santiago., 2019
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El oasis de Quillagua, la frontera interior: Tres siglos de arqueología (Desierto de Atacama, norte de Chile), F. Gallardo (Comp.), pp. 173-214. Qillqa Ediciones, Santiago., 2019
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El oasis de Quillagua, la frontera interior: Tres siglos de arqueología (Desierto de Atacama, norte de Chile), F. Gallardo (Comp.), pp. 109-144. Qillqa Ediciones, Santiago., 2019
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El oasis de Quillagua, la frontera interior: Tres siglos de arqueología (Desierto de Atacama, norte de Chile), F. Gallardo (Comp.), 2019
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By William Isbell: In Chapter 10, Carolina Agüero and Mauricio Uribe examine archaeological mater... more By William Isbell: In Chapter 10, Carolina Agüero and Mauricio Uribe examine archaeological materials from the Tarapacá region of northern Chile, where objects in Tiwanaku style have been reported since Max Uhle’s excavations early in the twentieth century. The people of this region all participated in the great south Andean interaction sphere, also discussed by other contributors to this volume. However, can a single and unified type of interaction explain social and cultural processes materialized, primarily in mortuary remains, throughout this vast and diachronic region? Agüero and Uribe answer in the negative by providing first a review of interpretive thinking developed in the final decades of the twentieth century and then an alternative proposal based on carefully examined and illustrated material remains from the Tarapacá sites. In the late twentieth century, thinking about the Tarapacá oases of northern Chile, and indeed the entire south Andean interaction sphere, was altiplano centric. A powerful and centralized Tiwanaku state, or empire, was assumed to have dominated the vast Andean south. Some form of colonial insertion of ethnic enclaves was believed to have been combined with an elusive form of provincial administration. Raised field agriculture was just beginning to be investigated as a possible explanation for dense highland populations, assumed to have resided in the altiplano capital on the basis of scarce information, so long-distance trade in staples was accepted as essential to the economy of ancient Tiahuanaco, as an urban capital. Very influential in the last quarter of the twentieth century was John Murra’s (1972) model of vertical ecological complementarity, a peculiarly Andean form of regional interaction and integration, which many archaeologists applied enthusiastically to the economies of prehistoric case studies throughout Andean archaeology. Not surprisingly, northern Chilean and Tarapacá prehistory were interpreted in terms of economically motivated colonization by Tiahuanaco, employing the vertical ecological complementarity model described by Murra. This was characterized bymultiethnicity in peripheral, or colonized, settlements, with the transplanted people of each homeland producing for, and supplying specialized subsistence goods to, relatives who remained in communities of origin. The diversity of artifact styles discovered in Tarapacá and other northern Chilean cemeteries that dated to the Tiwanaku apogee seemed clear proof of multiethnicity among Tarapacá (and other) mortuary populations, exactly as predicted by the Murra model. Reexamination of Tiwanaku-style textiles and other artifacts from Tarapacá yields surprises, which are carefully described and illustrated by Agüero and Uribe. First, the number of objects is shockingly small for a region thought to have been under significant control of Tiwanaku migrants concerned with maintaining heartland identities through the consumption of traditional material goods. Indeed, a resident population of migrants could hardly have expressed traditional identities with so very few objects of the appropriate style. Second, the kinds of objects differ from those in other areas of Tiwanaku influence, and dating seems problematic as well. In several cases, stylistic identifications of artifacts do not reveal Tiahuanaco heartland goods but products of Tiwanaku hybridity with other peripheries within the assumed altiplano interaction sphere. Agüero and Uribe conclude that processes varied from subregion to subregion within northern Chile and that, for example, Moquegua and probably also Arica enjoyed very different Tiwanaku experiences from Tarapacá. San Pedro de Atacama was apparently undergoing yet another Tiwanaku experience. Agüero and Uribe conclude arguing that the nature and dating of Tiwanaku materials from Tarapacá cemeteries do not confirm an altiplano-centric process determined by a centralized and hierarchical Tiahuanaco policy. Rather, archaeologists must examine local cultural processes, social relations, and economic motives to understand the distribution of Tiwanaku-style objects and symbols. Furthermore, these processes certainly differed from time to time and place to place as the people of Tarapacá exercised their own agency in complex social and cultural fields composed by diverse actors, identities, and motivations. Since very early in archaeological research, the close stylistic similarities of certain materials . . . to those of Tiwanaku were regarded as evidence for the presence of this Altiplano culture in the north of Chile [Berenguer and Dauelsberg 1989:129, translation WHI]. Until recently, the presence of Tiwanaku-style objects in the south-central Andes had been interpreted essentially as the direct or indirect establishment of enclaves or colonies and/or results of direct exchange. In the specific case of the Tarapacá populations in the north of Chile, studies on the type of relations with Tiwanaku affirmed the existence of an important bond with the altiplanic center. Some of these studies were based on a “migrational” approach, which established that the politically more powerful altiplanic societies moved toward these culturally.
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Este libro contiene una puesta al día de lo que se sabe acerca de los pueblos que habitaron lo qu... more Este libro contiene una puesta al día de lo que se sabe acerca de los pueblos que habitaron lo que actualmente es el territorio de Chile, antes de la llegada de los conquistadores españoles. En trece capítulos preparados por destacados especialistas en cada uno de los temas tratados, el lector asistirá a la llegada de los primeros pobladores hace unos 13.000 años; a la epopeya del descubrimiento de los muy diversos territorios de este largo y angosto país, marcado por desiertos, bosques, nieves y hielos, con sólo dos elementos comunes: la majestad de la cordillera de los Andes y el océano Pacífico, fuente inagotable de recursos. Después de conocer a los diversos cazadores y recolectores del mar y de la tierra, se describen los primeros pasos de los pueblos hacia la domesticación de plantas y animales, al nacimiento de tecnologías necesarias para la sobrevivencia y a la formación de formas complejas de vida social. Termina esta obra cuando parte importante de lo que hoy es Chile queda bajo el extenso imperio Inca del Tawantinsuyo. Este libro contiene una puesta al día de lo que se sabe acerca de los pueblos que habitaron lo que actualmente es el territorio de Chile, antes de la llegada de los conquistadores españoles. En trece capítulos preparados por destacados especialistas en cada uno de los temas tratados, el lector asistirá a la llegada de los primeros pobladores hace unos 13.000 años; a la epopeya del descubrimiento de los muy diversos territorios de este largo y angosto país, marcado por desiertos, bosques, nieves y hielos, con sólo dos elementos comunes: la majestad de la cordillera de los Andes y el océano Pacífico, fuente inagotable de recursos. Después de conocer a los diversos cazadores y recolectores del mar y de la tierra, se describen los primeros pasos de los pueblos hacia la domesticación de plantas y animales, al nacimiento de tecnologías necesarias para la sobrevivencia y a la formación de formas complejas de vida social. Termina esta obra cuando parte importante de lo que hoy es Chile queda bajo el extenso imperio Inca del Tawantinsuyo.Este libro contiene una puesta al día de lo que se sabe acerca de los pueblos que habitaron lo que actualmente es el territorio de Chile, antes de la llegada de los conquistadores españoles. En trece capítulos preparados por destacados especialistas en cada uno de los temas tratados, el lector asistirá a la llegada de los primeros pobladores hace unos 13.000 años; a la epopeya del descubrimiento de los muy diversos territorios de este largo y angosto país, marcado por desiertos, bosques, nieves y hielos, con sólo dos elementos comunes: la majestad de la cordillera de los Andes y el océano Pacífico, fuente inagotable de recursos. Después de conocer a los diversos cazadores y recolectores del mar y de la tierra, se describen los primeros pasos de los pueblos hacia la domesticación de plantas y animales, al nacimiento de tecnologías necesarias para la sobrevivencia y a la formación de formas complejas de vida social. Termina esta obra cuando parte importante de lo que hoy es Chile queda bajo el extenso imperio Inca del Tawantinsuyo.
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IN: FUNERARY PRACTICES AND MODELS IN THE ANCIENT ANDES. THE RETURN OF THE LIVING DEAD, PETER EECKHOUT AND LAURENCE S. OWENS (EDS.), CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, UK. , Feb 2015
During the Formative period, the area between the Azapa Valley, the coast and the Loa River (nort... more During the Formative period, the area between the Azapa Valley, the coast and the Loa River (northern Chile) saw the construction of ritual/ceremonial tumuli which are reminiscent of structures found in the Bolivian highlands. On the basis of this, various researchers have proposed that these remains signalled the arrival of highland populations in northern Chile, thus triggering off a Formative transition towards social complexity. However, many coastal desertic Chilean tumuli are associated with cemeteries of shaft tombs which pre-date – and seem to be the predecessors of – these structures. In this sense, our research focuses on the role of local societies, for as well as mortuary traditions and ceremonies we have identified ceramic, textile and iconographic traditions which are indigenous to the Tarapacá region, and which highlight the importance of the trade networks that ran through the area and connected the coast with the Pampa del Tamarugal. In the current paper we present a general study of these indicators, addressing the issue of burgeoning complexity in Northern Chile as an internalised process, focusing on ceremonial dynamics as regulators of access to lands and resources.
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EN: REGIÓN DE ANTOFAGASTA. PASADO, PRESENTE Y FUTURO, A. Llagostera (Ed.), pp. 43-51. Universidad Católica del Norte, Consejo Regional (CORE), Gobierno de Chile. Antofagasta, Chile., 2013
El Período Formativo ha sido concebido como el momento en que las sociedades “arcaicas” de tradic... more El Período Formativo ha sido concebido como el momento en que las sociedades “arcaicas” de tradición cazadora recolectora incorporan e implementan estrategias económicas novedosas que permitirán la producción de distintos niveles de acumulación. Esta transformación supone un cambio en el patrón de asentamiento con la aparición de ocupaciones más estables en aldeas, y el surgimiento de arquitectura pública y ceremonial, que involucra una de las características más significativas de este período pero más difusa conceptualmente y más difícil de definir arqueológicamente, y que se refiere a una mayor complejidad y desigualdad social que lleva a desarrollar sociedades no igualitarias. Sin embargo, el concepto es criticado ya que hay “formativos” de muy diferente data y características culturales, no siendo “indicador de período ni de época. En cada región su uso difiere, aunque sin embargo, se mantiene, tal como se mantienen las categorías de Neolítico o similares.
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En Antofagasta y Coquimbo: Espacio y tiempo para la Universidad Católica del Norte (50 años), A. Llagostera (Ed.), pp. 14-41. Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile , 2007
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En Esferas de interacción prehistóricas y fronteras nacionales modernas: Los Andes Sur Centrales, H. Lechtman (Ed.), pp. 73-125. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP) e Institute of Andean Research, Lima y Nueva York, Perú, Estados Unidos., 2006
Research developed in Quillagua showed that the locality was occupied during the Formative Period... more Research developed in Quillagua showed that the locality was occupied during the Formative Period by human groups assignable to different cultural regions, suggesting that its behavior as a "border area" (detected since 900 AD) would have previous antecedents. Lack of systematic research prevented to explain this situation in sequential or contemporaneity terms; this was overcome through the study of Formative materialities of Northern Chile, their nuclei and distribution, and different kinds of sites of the locality. These procedures distinguished two occupations in different moments of the Formative in Quillagua: the earlier (700–135 BC), connected with the Loa basin and Tarapacá region, and the later (500-700 AD) focusing its interaction towards Tarapacá, where a group settled at the Tarapacá ravine, developed long distance traffic, connecting distant spaces, mainly between Azapa and the Loa river. In this occasion we present the results of this work that determined the existence of a local and culturally homogeneous population and our appreciations on how Quillagua integrates in the regional Formative context.
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La Malinche, 1993
Creación de vestuario para obra de teatro La Malinche. Teatro de la Pontificia Universidad Catól... more Creación de vestuario para obra de teatro La Malinche.
Teatro de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Directora : Claudia Echenique
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Actas XVI Congreso Nacional de Arqueología Chilena. Tomé, Chile, 2003
¿Qué pasa con los objetos? Debemos insistir en que, a pesar del impacto que Tiwanaku tuvo en esos... more ¿Qué pasa con los objetos? Debemos insistir en que, a pesar del impacto que Tiwanaku tuvo en esos tiempos, en la región atacameña no se ha constatado la existencia de objetos híbridos que puedan ser calificados como tiwanaku-atacameño: o son atacameños puros (la gran mayoría) o son tiwanakotas puros (una minoría). El grueso del bagaje artefactual del Período Medio se manifiesta como una continuidad del menaje disponible desde el Período Temprano, pudiendo manifestarse algunas modificaciones de tipo estilístico a los padrones pret-existentes. •El cambio manufacturero más evidente a nivel local es el que afectó a la alfarería que perdió su calidad estética y técnica, reduciéndose a vasijas esféricas, escudillas, platos y, más tardíamente, a formas de tazas y tazones. En cuanto a los implementos para la inhalación de alucinógenos, se verifica la coexistencia de tabletas y tubos inhaladores de diversos estilos y procedencias. Aquellos de estilo tiwanaku, indudablemente, son importaciones foráneas ya que llevan implícitos un código no sólo estético sino también ideológico muy difícil de ser imitado por gente que no perteneciera a la etnía tiwanakota y que no conociera a fondo sus significados. Lo ejemplificado a través de la alfarería y de las tabletas, puede hacerse extensivo a los textiles, a la cestería y otros artefactos como evidencia del rico y dinámico proceso local de continuidad y cambio, el que asumió internamente la sociedad atacameña.
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Conference: XIX International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy, ICORS 2004At: Gold Coast (Australia)
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A robust chronology is essential for the interpretation of patterns found in the archaeological r... more A robust chronology is essential for the interpretation of patterns found in the archaeological record and, by implication, the social processes underlying them. Here, we provide an example focused on the cemetery of Pica 8, one of a group of oasis sites on the edges of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile (Figure 1). The site belongs to the Pica-Tarapacá Cultural Complex of the Late Intermediate Period (LIP), AD 900-1450. Stable carbon (collagen and apatite) and nitrogen isotope data for 30 human skeletons revealed a surprising degree of variability, with some individuals’ diets seeming to include significant amount of marine foods (despite the site’s location ca. 90 km inland), while the diets of other individuals appeared entirely terrestrial (Santana-Sagredo et al. 2015). Moreover, the graves of individuals exhibiting these different diets appeared to be grouped spatially, related to the sectors in which the cemetery was excavated. Sector I contains mainly individuals with very high 15N, while most individuals in Sectors A and G exhibit lower values (Figure 2). It is possible that the observed isotopic variability is related to changing subsistence practices over time. This change could be due to increased contacts with the coast or to intensive manuring of crop staples. The alternative is that the community at Pica 8 comprised a cosmopolitan mix of groups of people with different origins and diets, many of whom maintained their distinct cuisines. A question then arose about the extent to which the observed isotopic-spatial pattern was diachronic or synchronic. Here, we report the results of a radiocarbon dating programme (n = 23) focused on this question.
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Universidad Católica del Norte/Universidad de Tarapacá, 2007
Master’s Thesis in Anthropology
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Tesis para obtener el Titulo de Arqueóloga. Universidad de Chile, 1994
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