Chi-Chi Lin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Chi-Chi Lin

Green recycled building materials (GRBMs) have potential to reduce carbon footprint but with insu... more Green recycled building materials (GRBMs) have potential to reduce carbon footprint but with insufficient emission information. The increasing application of GRBMs may affect human health due to potential primary and/or secondary emissions. This study center on the assessment of carbonyls emissions and ozone removal on Green Recycled Building Materials under ozone exposure circumstances. Tested materials include gypsum board (GB), waterproof gypsum board (WGB), fiber cement board (FCB), and calcium silicate board (CSB). Among all the observed carbonyls, methacrolein and formaldehyde were the only two that could be found on all four recycled building materials. All carbonyls compounds had relatively high emission factors at the beginning of the experiment and decreased to a relatively lower level one month later. Carbonyls emissions were about 33.3%、27.0%、59.2% and 7.0% of their original values for WGB, FCB, CSB, and GB, respectively. The ozone removal efficiencies at the beginning a...

ISEE Conference Abstracts, 2013

Extreme weather nowadays causes droughts and floods in many countries. The flood brings mold prob... more Extreme weather nowadays causes droughts and floods in many countries. The flood brings mold problems and deteriorates indoor air quality. It is difficult to remove mold on building materials. This...

Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2020

This work focuses on the concentration and health effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at... more This work focuses on the concentration and health effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an intercity bus terminal in Taipei City, Taiwan. In this study, 36 VOCs were detected in the bus terminal, including 19 hazardous air pollutants. The measurement results indicate that ethanol, acetone, toluene, and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were the main VOCs dominating this bus terminal. Moreover, the average concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds was 106.0 μg/m 3 inside the bus terminal, contributing to approximately 70% of the hazardous air pollutants. The measurement results suggest that traffic emissions, especially from diesel buses, were the major pollution sources in the bus terminal. The cancer risk for 1,3-butadiene, benzene, ethylbenzene, and naphthalene exceeded the suggested value by the U.S. EPA. In addition, the individual chronic hazard quotient of benzene was higher than the recommended level. The findings of this work imply that bus terminal workers face a potential health risk, which is a matter of concern.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

To determine the impact of fireworks (FW) and firecrackers (FC) on particulate matter (PM) in amb... more To determine the impact of fireworks (FW) and firecrackers (FC) on particulate matter (PM) in ambient air, we reviewed evidence related to ambient PM during FW/FC periods; specifically, PM concentration, size, morphology, chemical components, including water-soluble ions and trace metals, and associated human health risks caused by exposure to FW/FC PM were reviewed. A large body of research suggests that outdoor ambient PM levels increase significantly during FW/ FC displays. Furthermore, FW/FC PM remains suspended in the air, contributing to high PM concentrations for a long period. Increased PM from burning FW and FC mainly comprises fine and ultrafine spherical particles. Elevated levels of various trace metals, ions, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and organics in PM are present during FW/FC periods. Implications: Unique physical and chemical properties of ambient PM during short-term FW/FC burning can lead to a substantial increase in adverse health effects compared with during non-FW/FC periods. Further epidemiological and toxicological research into the potential health effects resulting from exposure to various pollutants from FW/FC is vital. Geographical distributions of PM concentrations during FW displays highlight the importance of implementing PM controls at the regional level and formulating stricter protective environmental legislation, particularly in Asian (e.g., India, China, or Taiwan) where festivals are not the only periods celebrated with FW/FC.

Building and Environment

ABSTRACT Building materials (BMs) are major contributors to indoor emission sources of volatile o... more ABSTRACT Building materials (BMs) are major contributors to indoor emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, 8 kinds of BMs (including conventional and green) for ceiling, cabinetry, and flooring commonly used indoors were tested in a 216 L chamber. Primary emissions of carbonyls (C1 to C8 aldehydes and ketones) at 48 h were 75-673 μg m-2 h-1 from conventional BMs, and 62-151 μg m-2 h-1 from green BMs. Primary emissions of BTEX at 48 h were 59-264 μg m-2 h-1 from conventional BMs, and 37-56 μg m-2 h-1 from green BMs. Ozone initiated molar yields of carbonyls were 0.10-2.36 from conventional BMs, and 0.13-0.86 from green BMs. Secondary emissions of carbonyls were 7-150 μg m-2 h-1 from conventional BMs, and 4-73 μg m-2 h-1 from green BMs. Green BMs had lower emissions than conventional analogs, especially for wooden flooring and gypsum board. BMs with mineral content are the most promising materials in this study, given moderately high ozone deposition velocity but generating the least byproducts. Secondary emissions determined in this study demonstrate that moderate indoor ozone concentrations may lead to increased concentrations of carbonyls, especially formaldehyde and acetaldehyde that potentially increase adverse chronic health effects.

Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2016

The Yanshui Beehive Firework Festival is a traditional folk activity in Southern Taiwan held duri... more The Yanshui Beehive Firework Festival is a traditional folk activity in Southern Taiwan held during the Lantern Festival, and it is the third largest folk celebration in the world. During this festival, more than 200 firecracker towers with hundreds of thousands of firecrackers are ignited, posing a risk to public health because of an abrupt increase in particulate matter concentrations within a short period. In this study, real-time variations of PM 2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm), black carbon (BC), and particle number concentrations were monitored before and during the firework display to understand the effect of the firework display on the short-term air quality. The hourly average concentrations of PM 2.5 , BC, total particle number, and ultrafine particle number during the firework display (episode period) were 146.9 µg m-3 , 2639 ng m-3 , 3.37 × 10 4 # cm-3 , and 1.18 × 10 4 # cm-3 , respectively. These values were 6.9, 2.3, 5.9, and 3.7 times greater than those during the same period on reference days (nonepisode period), respectively. The measured ultraviolet BC (UVBC) and BC concentrations indicated that aerosols were bound with ultraviolet-absorbing organic compounds, which were abundant, during the episode period. BC aerosols during the episode originated from vehicular traffic and firecracker burning, and the absorption Ångström exponent value was 1.4. The particle number size distribution during the episode period showed a major accumulation mode and a minor Aitken mode of 180 and 63 nm, respectively. This particle number size distribution pattern was considerably different from that in the nonepisode period. During the episode period, particle coagulation played a crucial role in removing particles in the nucleation and Aitken modes in the ambient air at high particle number concentrations.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2016

Past studies indicated particulates generated by waste incineration contain various hazardous com... more Past studies indicated particulates generated by waste incineration contain various hazardous compounds. The aerosol characteristics are very important for particulate hazard control and workers' protection. This study explores the detailed characteristics of emitted particulates from each important operation unit in a rotary kiln-based hazardous industrial waste incineration plant. A dust size analyzer (Grimm 1.109) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) were used to measure the aerosol mass concentration, mass size distribution, and number size distribution at five operation units (S1-S5) during periods of normal operation, furnace shutdown, and annual maintenance. The place with the highest measured PM10 concentration was located at the area of fly ash discharge from air pollution control equipment (S5) during the period of normal operation. Fine particles (PM2.5) constituted the majority of the emitted particles from the incineration plant. The mass size distributions (elucidated) made it clear that the size of aerosols caused by the increased particulate mass, resulting from work activities, were mostly greater than 1.5 μm. Whereas the number size distributions showed that the major diameters of particulates that caused the increase of particulate number concentrations, from work activities, were distributed in the sub micrometer range. The process of discharging fly ash from air pollution control equipment can significantly increase the emission of nanoparticles. The mass concentrations and size distributions of emitted particulates were different at each operation unit. This information is valuable for managers to take appropriate strategy to reduce the particulate emission and associated worker exposure.

Building and Environment, 2015

ABSTRACT This study is aimed for comparing the biological resistance of green and conventional bu... more ABSTRACT This study is aimed for comparing the biological resistance of green and conventional building materials (BMs) before and after nano-metal treatment, as well as exploring best nano-metals to improve fungal growth resistance of BMs. The selected BMs include wooden flooring (WF), green wooden flooring (GWF), gypsum board (GB), green gypsum board (GGB), calcium silicate board (CSB), green calcium silicate board (GCSB), mineral fiber ceiling (MFC) and green mineral fiber ceiling (GMFC). The Aspergillus brasiliensis or Penicillium funiculosum was inoculated on each sample and their growth was visually evaluated according to ASTM G21-09.

Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2015

This study explores human exposure to harmful dust when antidust chalk is used for teaching, as w... more This study explores human exposure to harmful dust when antidust chalk is used for teaching, as well as dust particle size distribution and how chalk dust affects indoor air quality. In this study, a classroom with 5 ventilation modes was selected. A dust size analyzer and a scanning mobility particle sizer were employed to measure the mass concentration and particle size distribution of chalk dust based on the frequency of chalk use during classes. The results indicate that antidust chalk can generate considerable quantities of dust particles and substantially increase the mass concentration of dust in the proximity of the chalkboard. Approximately 15% of observed chalk dust particles were respirable and high concentrations of chalk dust deteriorated the indoor air quality. Moreover, chalk dust was the primary source of indoor coarse particles. Mechanical ventilation resuspended the settled chalk dust particles, thereby increasing the mass concentration of airborne dust. Using antidust chalk generates coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles, particularly when cleaning the chalkboard. The best ventilation mode to reduce dust accumulated in the chalk teaching classroom was to open doors and turn on ceiling fans. Wearing face masks and increasing distance between seats and blackboard can also prevent teachers and students from chalk dust hazard. The results of this study should serve as a reference for improving indoor air quality and protecting teachers and students from harmful dust particles in classrooms.

Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 24, 2015

The primary aim of this work is to explore the effect of resin content and the effect of substrat... more The primary aim of this work is to explore the effect of resin content and the effect of substrate on the emission of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and carbonyls from low-VOC water-based wall paint. Four low-volatile organic compound (VOC) paints include paints A (20 % acrylic), B (30 % acrylic), C (20 % polyvinyl acetate), and D (30 % polyvinyl acetate) were painted on stainless steel specimen for the study of resin effect. Green calcium silicate, green cement, and stainless steel were painted with paints A and C for the study of substrate effect. Concentrations of the VOCs in the chamber decreased with the elapsed time. Both resin type and resin quantity in paint had effects on VOC emissions. Paints with acrylic resin emitted less BTEX and carbonyls than paints with polyvinyl acetate resin. However, the effects of resin quantity varied with VOCs. Porous substrates were observed to interact more strongly with paints than inert substrates. Both green calcium sili...

Atmospheric Environment, 2015

ABSTRACT This study aims to estimate the ozone deposition velocities of eight commonly used build... more ABSTRACT This study aims to estimate the ozone deposition velocities of eight commonly used building materials (BMs) which include calcium silicate board (CSB), green calcium silicate board (GCSB), mineral fiber ceiling (MFC), green mineral fiber ceiling (GMFC), gypsum board (GB), green gypsum board (GGB), wooden flooring (WF) and green wooden flooring (GWF). In addition, the impact of physical properties (specific surface area and total pore volume of BM) on ozone removal ability was also explored and discussed. Studies were conducted in a small-scale environmental stainless steel chamber. CSB and GCSB showed the highest ozone deposition velocities, while WF and GWF showed the lowest ozone deposition velocities among test BMs materials. All reaction probabilities were estimated to fall within the order of magnitude of 10−6. Green BMs showed lower reaction probabilities with ozone comparing with non-green BMs except for GGB. Consistent with the trends for deposition velocity, fleecy and porous materials exhibit higher reaction probabilities than smooth, non-porous surfaces. Specific surface area of BM is more closely related to ozone removal than total pore volume of BM with R2 of 0.93 vs. R2 of 0.84. Discussion of Thiele modulus for all test BMs indicates surface reactions are occurring quickly relative to internal diffusion and ozone removal is internal diffusion-limited.

Among all the air cleaning techniques used to removal the indoor VOCs, photocatalytic oxidation (... more Among all the air cleaning techniques used to removal the indoor VOCs, photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) method is one of the fastest developing and the most widely used techniques in recent years because of its high removal efficiencies for most VOCs. However, the removal efficiency can be as low as 30% (conversion) for some VOCs such as isopropyl benzene. The objective

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2011