Chiara Guarnieri - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Chiara Guarnieri
Veterinary Sciences
Ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection at slaughter are performed by Official Veterinarians and i... more Ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection at slaughter are performed by Official Veterinarians and it is essential to identify alterations/lesions, which can make organs/carcasses unsuitable for human consumption. Obviously, carcass condemnation must be regarded as a highly undesirable event for the entire swine industry chain, as it represents the total failure of a long period of challenging work. Therefore, it seems valuable to estimate the prevalence and causes of carcasses condemnation, in order to preserve consumers’ health and pig farming profitability. Bearing that in mind, the present study aimed at providing a reliable picture of the condemnation of porcine carcasses in Italy, with a special emphasis being placed upon pathological findings. Data were collected in a high-throughput abattoir located in northern Italy, where a total of 2,062,278 pigs were slaughtered during the period of study (2021–2022). Overall, 1362 pigs were considered unfit for slaughtering after ante-mort...
Italian Journal of Food Safety
Except in rare cases, the determination of the shelf-life of food products is left up to the food... more Except in rare cases, the determination of the shelf-life of food products is left up to the food business operator. The extension of this period, which for years has been the subject of debate among the various actors in the food chain, has become a topic of fundamental importance also following the recent economic/financial, environmental, and health crises, which have had an inevitable impact on consumption and food waste. While there is no requirement to indicate durability for some categories of food products, for example, those not directly intended for consumers, this debate has raised questions and perplexities about the potential reevaluation of the origin conditions established by the manufacturer, particularly when it comes to maintaining the guarantees for the consumer in terms of health and hygiene. In addition, the increasing consumer demand for accurate information has prompted the European authorities to request a public consultation on the actual understanding and p...
Animals
Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a viral disease caused by a Henipavirus, belonging to the Paramyxo... more Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a viral disease caused by a Henipavirus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, responsible for a zoonosis. The course of the disease can be very serious and lead to death. NiV natural hosts are fruit bats (also known as megabats) belonging to the Pteropodidae family, especially those of the Pteropus genus. Natural infection in domestic animals has been described in farming pigs, horses, domestic and feral dogs and cats. Natural NiV transmission is possible intra-species (pig-to-pig, human-to-human) and inter-species (flying bat-to-human, pig-to-human, horse-to-human). The infection can be spread by humans or animals in different ways. It is peculiar how the viral transmission modes among different hosts also change depending on the geographical area for different reasons, including different breeding methods, eating habits and the recently identified genetic traits/molecular features of main virus proteins related to virulence. Outbreaks have been d...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021
The onset of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a leading cause of the dose ... more The onset of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a leading cause of the dose reduction or discontinuation of cancer treatment due to sensory symptoms. Paclitaxel (PTX) can cause painful peripheral neuropathy, with a negative impact on cancer survivors’ quality of life. While recent studies have shown that neuroinflammation is involved in PTX-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (PIPN), the pathophysiology of this disabling side effect remains largely unclear and no effective therapies are available. Therefore, here we investigated the effects of human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on a PIPN rat model. PTX-treated rats showed mechanical allodynia and neurophysiological alterations consistent with a severe sensory axonal polyneuropathy. In addition, morphological evaluation showed a reduction of intra-epidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density and evidenced axonopathy with macrophage infiltration, which was more prominent in the distal segment of caudal nerves. Three wee...
![Research paper thumbnail of Corrigendum to "Rapid infusions of human normal immunoglobulin 50g/l are safe and well tolerated in immunodeficiencies and immune thrombocytopenia" [Int. Immunopharmacol. 44 (2017) 38-42]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106162264/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](International immunopharmacology, Jan 28, 2017
Corrigendum to "Rapid infusions of human normal immunoglobulin 50 g/l are safe and well tolerated... more Corrigendum to "Rapid infusions of human normal immunoglobulin 50 g/l are safe and well tolerated in immunodeficiencies and immune thrombocytopenia" [Int. Immunopharmacol. 44 (2017) 38-42]
Journal of clinical immunology, Jan 29, 2017
To assess the efficacy and safety of panzyga® (intravenous immunoglobulin 10%) in preventing seri... more To assess the efficacy and safety of panzyga® (intravenous immunoglobulin 10%) in preventing serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs), a prospective, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 study and an open-label extension study were undertaken. Initially, the study drug (infusion rate ≤0.08 mL/kg/min) was administered at intervals of 3 or 4 weeks for 12 months, followed by 3 months of panzyga® at infusion rates increasing from 0.08 to 0.14 mL/kg/min. The primary endpoint in the main study was the rate of SBIs per patient-year on treatment. Secondary outcomes included non-serious infections, work/school absence, episodes of fever, quality of life, and adverse events (AEs). The main study enrolled 51 patients (35% female, mean age 26.8 years), with 21 participating in the extension study. The rate of SBIs per patient-year was 0.08 in the total population; there were four SBIs in the 4-weekly treatment group (2/30 patients) and none in th...
International immunopharmacology, Jan 7, 2017
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is accepted as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for pr... more Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is accepted as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for primary and secondary immunodeficiencies (ID) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Adverse reactions of IVIg are usually mild, comprising transient flu-like symptoms, change in blood pressure and tachycardia. However IVIg therapy can be burdensome for both patients and healthcare facilities, since the infusion may take up to 4h to administer. The objective of our multicentre, prospective, open-label phase III trial was to evaluate the tolerability and safety of human normal immunoglobulin 50g/l (Ig VENA) at high intravenous infusion rates in adult patients with ID and ITP who had previously tolerated IVIg treatment, by progressively increasing infusion rate up to 8ml/kg/hr. 39 ID patients received three infusions, 5 ITP patients received up to a maximum of 5 infusions for a maximum of 5days. Overall 55 adverse events were reported in 18 patients, and all were mild and self-limiting. Two seri...
Mutat Res Fundam Mol Mech Mut, 1997
Circulation Research, 1992
Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 1997
European Journal of Vascular Surgery, 1992
Many treatments have been proposed for the prevention of the revascularisation syndrome following... more Many treatments have been proposed for the prevention of the revascularisation syndrome following embolectomy or thrombectomy in patients with severe ischaemia. These include the administration of diuretics, bicarbonate, buffer solutions, free radical scavengers, washing out the venous blood from the ischaemic leg, or systemic dialysis. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of combining haemofiltration with a treatment using compound oxy-radical scavengers in order to prevent or to reduce the appearance of the revascularisation syndrome. The study was performed on 13 sheep. Eight animals underwent 4 h of aortic and vena cava occlusion using irrigation-occlusion catheters, followed by normal reperfusion (control group). Five sheep underwent the same period of ischaemia, followed by 1 h of local haemofiltration and re-oxygenation and 2 h of normal revascularisation. The priming solution for the ECC circuit consisted of 500 ml of 20% mannitol and 500 ml of 18/1000 HCO3- contained: superoxide dismutase (150,000 I.U.), methylprednisolone, 1 g, and heparin, 10,000 I.U. After the 3rd h of ischaemia, 2.1 g of acetate alpha-tocopherol (30 mg kg-1) were injected i.m. The treatment produced good protection against oxidative stress, shown by an increase in the glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), and reduced muscular damage, confirmed by a moderate increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels (significantly higher in the control group). Diuresis was significantly higher in the treated group, and the acid-basic and potassium balance returned to normal more rapidly. Our data suggest that this combined treatment could be effective in the prevention of the ischaemia-reperfusion syndrome.
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1990
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1990
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1991
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1991
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1992
Journal of Hypertension, 2010
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and morning blood p... more Objective: To evaluate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) in patients with untreated hypertension.
Journal of Hypertension, 2010
Objective: To assess the association between fitness, fatness and mortality risk in hypertensive ... more Objective: To assess the association between fitness, fatness and mortality risk in hypertensive individuals. Design and Methods: A total of 3,519 men with hypertension ages 65-92 years from the VAMC, Washington DC and Palo Alto, California underwent routine exercise tolerance testing. Peak workload was estimated in metabolic equivalents (METs). We established three body weight categories based on BMI levels. Normal weight: BMI<25; Overweight: BMI 25-29.9; and Obese: BMI> or¼30. Fitness categories were also established based on peak METs achieved: Low-Fit:<5 METs, Moderate-Fit: 5.1-7 METs, Moderate-High: 7.1-9 METs and High-Fit:>9 METs. All-cause mortality is reported within a follow-up period of 8.5 AE 5.4. Results: There were 1403 deaths, with an annual mortality of 4.7%. After controlling for age, risk factors and medications, we observed an inverse and graded association between mortality risk and exercise capacity (p < 0.001). For every 1-MET increase in exercise capacity, the mortality risk for the entire cohort was lowered by 13% (HR ¼ 0.87; CI: 0.85-0.90; p < 0.001). For each BMI category the risk was lowered by 9% for the normal weight individuals; 14% for the Overweight and 18% for the Obese. When fitness categories were considered, we observed a graded reduction in mortality risk with increase fitness within each BMI category. The risk reduction was more pronounced for the overweight and obese individuals when compared to those of normal weight. Conclusion: Our findings support an independent inverse and graded association between fitness levels and mortality risk in individuals with HTN regardless of BMI levels. The impact of fitness on the mortality rate is greater in the overweight and obese individuals compared to those of normal weight.
Veterinary Sciences
Ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection at slaughter are performed by Official Veterinarians and i... more Ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection at slaughter are performed by Official Veterinarians and it is essential to identify alterations/lesions, which can make organs/carcasses unsuitable for human consumption. Obviously, carcass condemnation must be regarded as a highly undesirable event for the entire swine industry chain, as it represents the total failure of a long period of challenging work. Therefore, it seems valuable to estimate the prevalence and causes of carcasses condemnation, in order to preserve consumers’ health and pig farming profitability. Bearing that in mind, the present study aimed at providing a reliable picture of the condemnation of porcine carcasses in Italy, with a special emphasis being placed upon pathological findings. Data were collected in a high-throughput abattoir located in northern Italy, where a total of 2,062,278 pigs were slaughtered during the period of study (2021–2022). Overall, 1362 pigs were considered unfit for slaughtering after ante-mort...
Italian Journal of Food Safety
Except in rare cases, the determination of the shelf-life of food products is left up to the food... more Except in rare cases, the determination of the shelf-life of food products is left up to the food business operator. The extension of this period, which for years has been the subject of debate among the various actors in the food chain, has become a topic of fundamental importance also following the recent economic/financial, environmental, and health crises, which have had an inevitable impact on consumption and food waste. While there is no requirement to indicate durability for some categories of food products, for example, those not directly intended for consumers, this debate has raised questions and perplexities about the potential reevaluation of the origin conditions established by the manufacturer, particularly when it comes to maintaining the guarantees for the consumer in terms of health and hygiene. In addition, the increasing consumer demand for accurate information has prompted the European authorities to request a public consultation on the actual understanding and p...
Animals
Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a viral disease caused by a Henipavirus, belonging to the Paramyxo... more Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a viral disease caused by a Henipavirus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, responsible for a zoonosis. The course of the disease can be very serious and lead to death. NiV natural hosts are fruit bats (also known as megabats) belonging to the Pteropodidae family, especially those of the Pteropus genus. Natural infection in domestic animals has been described in farming pigs, horses, domestic and feral dogs and cats. Natural NiV transmission is possible intra-species (pig-to-pig, human-to-human) and inter-species (flying bat-to-human, pig-to-human, horse-to-human). The infection can be spread by humans or animals in different ways. It is peculiar how the viral transmission modes among different hosts also change depending on the geographical area for different reasons, including different breeding methods, eating habits and the recently identified genetic traits/molecular features of main virus proteins related to virulence. Outbreaks have been d...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021
The onset of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a leading cause of the dose ... more The onset of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a leading cause of the dose reduction or discontinuation of cancer treatment due to sensory symptoms. Paclitaxel (PTX) can cause painful peripheral neuropathy, with a negative impact on cancer survivors’ quality of life. While recent studies have shown that neuroinflammation is involved in PTX-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (PIPN), the pathophysiology of this disabling side effect remains largely unclear and no effective therapies are available. Therefore, here we investigated the effects of human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on a PIPN rat model. PTX-treated rats showed mechanical allodynia and neurophysiological alterations consistent with a severe sensory axonal polyneuropathy. In addition, morphological evaluation showed a reduction of intra-epidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density and evidenced axonopathy with macrophage infiltration, which was more prominent in the distal segment of caudal nerves. Three wee...
International immunopharmacology, Jan 28, 2017
Corrigendum to "Rapid infusions of human normal immunoglobulin 50 g/l are safe and well tolerated... more Corrigendum to "Rapid infusions of human normal immunoglobulin 50 g/l are safe and well tolerated in immunodeficiencies and immune thrombocytopenia" [Int. Immunopharmacol. 44 (2017) 38-42]
Journal of clinical immunology, Jan 29, 2017
To assess the efficacy and safety of panzyga® (intravenous immunoglobulin 10%) in preventing seri... more To assess the efficacy and safety of panzyga® (intravenous immunoglobulin 10%) in preventing serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs), a prospective, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 study and an open-label extension study were undertaken. Initially, the study drug (infusion rate ≤0.08 mL/kg/min) was administered at intervals of 3 or 4 weeks for 12 months, followed by 3 months of panzyga® at infusion rates increasing from 0.08 to 0.14 mL/kg/min. The primary endpoint in the main study was the rate of SBIs per patient-year on treatment. Secondary outcomes included non-serious infections, work/school absence, episodes of fever, quality of life, and adverse events (AEs). The main study enrolled 51 patients (35% female, mean age 26.8 years), with 21 participating in the extension study. The rate of SBIs per patient-year was 0.08 in the total population; there were four SBIs in the 4-weekly treatment group (2/30 patients) and none in th...
International immunopharmacology, Jan 7, 2017
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is accepted as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for pr... more Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is accepted as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for primary and secondary immunodeficiencies (ID) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Adverse reactions of IVIg are usually mild, comprising transient flu-like symptoms, change in blood pressure and tachycardia. However IVIg therapy can be burdensome for both patients and healthcare facilities, since the infusion may take up to 4h to administer. The objective of our multicentre, prospective, open-label phase III trial was to evaluate the tolerability and safety of human normal immunoglobulin 50g/l (Ig VENA) at high intravenous infusion rates in adult patients with ID and ITP who had previously tolerated IVIg treatment, by progressively increasing infusion rate up to 8ml/kg/hr. 39 ID patients received three infusions, 5 ITP patients received up to a maximum of 5 infusions for a maximum of 5days. Overall 55 adverse events were reported in 18 patients, and all were mild and self-limiting. Two seri...
Mutat Res Fundam Mol Mech Mut, 1997
Circulation Research, 1992
Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 1997
European Journal of Vascular Surgery, 1992
Many treatments have been proposed for the prevention of the revascularisation syndrome following... more Many treatments have been proposed for the prevention of the revascularisation syndrome following embolectomy or thrombectomy in patients with severe ischaemia. These include the administration of diuretics, bicarbonate, buffer solutions, free radical scavengers, washing out the venous blood from the ischaemic leg, or systemic dialysis. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of combining haemofiltration with a treatment using compound oxy-radical scavengers in order to prevent or to reduce the appearance of the revascularisation syndrome. The study was performed on 13 sheep. Eight animals underwent 4 h of aortic and vena cava occlusion using irrigation-occlusion catheters, followed by normal reperfusion (control group). Five sheep underwent the same period of ischaemia, followed by 1 h of local haemofiltration and re-oxygenation and 2 h of normal revascularisation. The priming solution for the ECC circuit consisted of 500 ml of 20% mannitol and 500 ml of 18/1000 HCO3- contained: superoxide dismutase (150,000 I.U.), methylprednisolone, 1 g, and heparin, 10,000 I.U. After the 3rd h of ischaemia, 2.1 g of acetate alpha-tocopherol (30 mg kg-1) were injected i.m. The treatment produced good protection against oxidative stress, shown by an increase in the glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), and reduced muscular damage, confirmed by a moderate increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels (significantly higher in the control group). Diuresis was significantly higher in the treated group, and the acid-basic and potassium balance returned to normal more rapidly. Our data suggest that this combined treatment could be effective in the prevention of the ischaemia-reperfusion syndrome.
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1990
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1990
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1991
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1991
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1992
Journal of Hypertension, 2010
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and morning blood p... more Objective: To evaluate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) in patients with untreated hypertension.
Journal of Hypertension, 2010
Objective: To assess the association between fitness, fatness and mortality risk in hypertensive ... more Objective: To assess the association between fitness, fatness and mortality risk in hypertensive individuals. Design and Methods: A total of 3,519 men with hypertension ages 65-92 years from the VAMC, Washington DC and Palo Alto, California underwent routine exercise tolerance testing. Peak workload was estimated in metabolic equivalents (METs). We established three body weight categories based on BMI levels. Normal weight: BMI<25; Overweight: BMI 25-29.9; and Obese: BMI> or¼30. Fitness categories were also established based on peak METs achieved: Low-Fit:<5 METs, Moderate-Fit: 5.1-7 METs, Moderate-High: 7.1-9 METs and High-Fit:>9 METs. All-cause mortality is reported within a follow-up period of 8.5 AE 5.4. Results: There were 1403 deaths, with an annual mortality of 4.7%. After controlling for age, risk factors and medications, we observed an inverse and graded association between mortality risk and exercise capacity (p < 0.001). For every 1-MET increase in exercise capacity, the mortality risk for the entire cohort was lowered by 13% (HR ¼ 0.87; CI: 0.85-0.90; p < 0.001). For each BMI category the risk was lowered by 9% for the normal weight individuals; 14% for the Overweight and 18% for the Obese. When fitness categories were considered, we observed a graded reduction in mortality risk with increase fitness within each BMI category. The risk reduction was more pronounced for the overweight and obese individuals when compared to those of normal weight. Conclusion: Our findings support an independent inverse and graded association between fitness levels and mortality risk in individuals with HTN regardless of BMI levels. The impact of fitness on the mortality rate is greater in the overweight and obese individuals compared to those of normal weight.
Sono passati quarant'anni dalla prima pubblicazione promossa dalla nostra Pro Loco sulla Villa Ro... more Sono passati quarant'anni dalla prima pubblicazione promossa dalla nostra Pro Loco sulla Villa Romana di Russi. Da poco riscoperta ed in piena fase di restauro e riassetto, la Villa Romana veniva proposta come grande centro di interesse archeologico che vantava il primato di villa urbano-rustica più completa e meglio conservata di tutta l'Italia settentrionale. L'edizione di una guida che contenesse testi scientifici, ma anche ragguagli divulgativi sul territorio circostante, fu un dovere per la nostra Associazione giunta al decimo anno di attività. Nel 1975 fu data compiutezza al mandato statutario attraverso la pubblicazione, sotto l'egida della Società di Studi Romagnoli e la collaborazione di importanti esperti, di un piccolo volume pubblicato dai F.lli Lega di Faenza. Quegli obiettivi, voluti dai soci fondatori, sono le finalità alle quali tuttora ci ispiriamo e l'attenzione verso l'importante sito archeologico resta ancora oggi una priorità per tutti noi. In questi ultimi anni, per arricchire le potenzialità offerte dall'area archeologica e dai reperti esposti nelle sale del Museo Civico, la Pro Loco ha avviato, di concerto con la Soprintendenza Archeologia, nuove e numerose iniziative: laboratori didattici diversificati per età scolastica e area di interesse e diversi appuntamenti annuali con visite guidate gratuite per il pubblico. La collaborazione con il GRA (Gruppo Ravennate Archeologico), che, dopo gli scavi eseguiti nei tre pozzi, ha continuato ad interessarsi fattivamente alla Villa, ha contribuito all'arricchimento dell'offerta culturale che oggi siamo in grado di proporre. La realizzazione dell'area di scavo simulato è stato il progetto più recente nell'ambito di questa condivisione di impegni. Le varie attività didattiche, con i diversi laboratori ispirati alla civiltà romana, dal mosaico ai giocattoli, dall'alimentazione alla terracotta, hanno avuto un riscontro entusiastico sia in ambito scolastico che tra i visitatori in occasione degli eventi proposti. Ancora oggi, alla soglia del mezzo secolo di vita, la Pro Loco si impegna per il proprio Luogo, mantenendo la cultura al centro del proprio interesse ed è per questo motivo che la Villa Romana, con la storia e le testimonianze che narra, resta per noi uno dei Scavi 1968Scavi -1971 in primo piano il magazzino 34 e il portico 33 (foto SAER).