Choy Hoong Chew - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Choy Hoong Chew
![Research paper thumbnail of [BI019] Molecular Cloning And Characterisation Of The 5-Untranslated Region And Promoters In Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (hPPARα)](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95110734/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2015
Overuse of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases among humans and livestock has... more Overuse of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases among humans and livestock has led to the emergence of multi-antibiotics resistant bacteria worldwide. This includes bacteria which produce the enzymes extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). This study reports the presence of β-lactamases-producing bacteria (35.7%) and ESBL-producing bacteria (21.4%) from retail sausages in Kampar, Malaysia and the detection of blaCTXM-2 (60%), blaTEM (40%) and blaSHV (20%) genes, but not blaCTXM-1 and blaCTXM-9 genes in these isolates. The bacteria harboring blaCTXM-2 and blaTEM genes were identified as Pseudomonas pneumotropica, whereas the bacteria harboring only blaSHV gene was identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae. This is the first report of blaCTXM-2 in food source in Malaysia.
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2014
Increasing prevalence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in humans is a major concern for pub... more Increasing prevalence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in humans is a major concern for public health. The widespread use of antimicrobial agents in plant production, animals and food production has created a reservoir of resistant bacteria with resistance genes that can be transmitted to humans through foodborne route. Hence, the priority of this study was to isolate and characterize multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria from retail sushi in Kampar. Twenty sushi samples consisting of egg, shrimp, cucumber, raw salmon, and fish roe were sampled. A total of 22 bacteria colonies were isolated on nutrient agar supplemented with ampicillin. Gram staining, biochemical tests and Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out to investigate characteristics of bacterial isolates. From the 22 bacterial isolates, 45% (10/22) were found to be multi-antibiotic resistant. All bacterial isolates were then cultured overnight with ampicillin-supplemented nutrient broth and total D...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of multidrug resistance nodulationcell ... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of multidrug resistance nodulationcell division pump (RND pump) genes and integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from in-patients in Malaysian hospitals. A total of 43 clinical isolates of A. baumannii were examined. All samples were found to be 100% resistant to ampicilin (n=43), ceftriaxone (n=43) and cefuroxime (n=43), followed by augmentin (n=40) and chloramphenicol (n=40) (93%). Local isolates of A. baumannii were also found to develop resistance towards the new class of antibiotic-tigecycline (58.14%). The presence of adeA, adeIJ, adeY RND efflux system genes and integrase gene was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). adeY was not detected in any of the samples. However, majority of the isolates (62.7%, n=27) carried adeA and adeIJ genes, but not integrase gene. Interestingly, the isolates harboring these genes also showed the highest level of resistance toward all antibiotics. In addi...
The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 2007
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha has been implicated as a regulator of acute phas... more Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha has been implicated as a regulator of acute phase response genes in hepatocytes. Interleukin-6 is widely known as a major cytokine responsible in the regulation of acute phase proteins and, therefore, acute phase response. Unfortunately, to date, very little is understood about the molecular mechanisms by which interleukin-6 regulates the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha. Here, we report the molecular mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha was regulated by interleukin-6 in human HepG2 cells. Interleukin-6 was shown to downregulate the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha gene expression at the level of gene transcription. Functional dissection of human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha promoter B revealed the role of predicted CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein binding site (−164/+34) in mediating the interleukin-6 inhibitory effects on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha mRNA expression and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed the binding of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein isoforms to this cis-acting elements was increased in interleukin-6-treated HepG2 cells. Co-transfection experiments, then, demonstrated that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta either in homodimer or heterodimer with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta plays a predominant role in inhibiting the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha promoter B, thus, reducing the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha mRNA expression. These studies, therefore, suggest a novel mechanism for interleukin-6-mediated inhibition of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha gene expression that involves the activation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein isoforms with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta may play a major role.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2003
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARaÞ is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor... more Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARaÞ is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that governs many biological processes, including lipid metabolism, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. We demonstrate here the existence of six variants and multiple transcriptional start sites of the 5 0 untranslated region (UTR) of hPPARa gene, originating from the use of alternative splicing mechanisms and four different promoters. Three new novel exons at the 5 0-untranslated region of human PPARa gene were also identified and designated as Exon A, Exon B, and Exon 2b. In addition, 1.2 kb promoter fragment which drives the transcription of 2 variants with Exon B (hPPARa4 and 6) was successfully cloned and characterised. Sequencing results revealed promoter B did not contain a conservative TATA box within the first 100 nucleotides from transcriptional start site but has several GC-rich regions and putative Sp1 sites. Using luciferase reporter constructs transfected into HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines, promoter B was shown to be functionally active. Basal transcriptional activity was significantly high in the promoter fragment)341/+34, but lower in the region)341/)1147 as compared to the fragment)341/+34, indicating the presence of an element conferring transcriptional activation between positions)341 and +34 or alternatively, the presence of transcriptional repression between positions)341 and)1147 in the promoter B of hPPARa.
European Cytokine Network, 2020
Atherosclerosis is initiated when lipoproteins are trapped by proteoglycans in the arterial intim... more Atherosclerosis is initiated when lipoproteins are trapped by proteoglycans in the arterial intima. Macrophages play a vital role in this disease, especially in the formation of foam cells and the regulation of proinflammatory responses. They also participate in plaque stabilization through the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases. Studies have reported the role of ADAMTS proteases in osteoarthritis and atherosclerotic lesions. In the present study, we have studied the effect of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) on the expression of ADAMTS-5 in the macrophage cell line THP-1. The results show that the mRNA and protein expression levels of ADAMTS-5 were significantly upregulated when differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with 100 ng/mL of IL-17A for 24 h with maximum ADAMTS-5 mRNA expression levels obtained at 8 h of stimulation. Subsequent inhibition studies showed that IL-17A upregulation of ADAMTS-5 was mediated through ERK and JNK pathways in THP-1 cells. Phosphorylation studies revealed that the expression of ADAMTS-5 transcripts was upregulated by IL-17A through the activation of p-c-Raf (S338), p-MEK1/2 (Ser217/221), p-p44/42 MAPK (Thr202/Tyr204), and p-Elk1 (Ser383). ERK1/2 siRNA transfection further confirmed that the ERK pathway is involved in the expression of ADAMTS-5 in IL-17A-stimulated THP-1 cells.
Molecular Biology Reports
OCL
The consumption of coconut milk has long been regarded as detrimental to cardiovascular health du... more The consumption of coconut milk has long been regarded as detrimental to cardiovascular health due to its high saturated fatty acid content. Contradictorily, emerging evidences have highlighted that the fatty acids in coconut lipids, which comprise mostly of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), may be beneficial to the regulation of serum cholesterol. To identify the potential health effect of coconut milk on lipid metabolism, this current study employed an intragastric gavage method on C57BL/6 mice to investigate the physiological and molecular alteration in the mice subject after 8 weeks of gavage intervention. The supplementation of coconut milk did not affect the levels of serum triglyceride, but it induced the total serum cholesterol after 2 weeks of treatment. The serum cholesterol level subsequently plateaued, but an increase in bile acid excretion was observed, most likely through the modulation of bile regulating genes, i.e. farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) and Cyp7a1. Despite that, ...
Tropical Life Sciences Research
The metabolism of alcohol involves cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-induced oxidative stress, with th... more The metabolism of alcohol involves cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-induced oxidative stress, with the association of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signalling pathways. CYP2E1 is primarily involved in the microsomal ethanol oxidising system, which generates massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ultimately leads to oxidative stress and tissue damage. Lauric acid, a major fatty acid in palm kernel oil, has been shown as a potential antioxidant. Here, we aimed to evaluate the use of lauric acid as a potential antioxidant against ethanol-mediated oxidative stress by investigating its effect on CYP2E1 mRNA expression and the signalling pathway in ethanol-induced HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were firstly treated with different concentrations of ethanol, and subsequently co-treated with different concentrations of lauric acid for 24 h. Total cellular RNA and total protein were extracted, and qPCR and Western blot was carried out. Ethanol induced the mR...
Tropical Life Sciences Research
Highlights • IFN-γ increases apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I) expression. • Inactivating NF-κB signall... more Highlights • IFN-γ increases apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I) expression. • Inactivating NF-κB signalling pathway decreases the IFN-γ induction of APOA-I expression. • IFN-γ regulates APOA-I through NF-κB p65 phosphorylation at Ser468 and Ser536.
Molecular Biology Reports
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2016
Background: Due to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock as a growth-promoting agent, the emerg... more Background: Due to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock as a growth-promoting agent, the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria is becoming a concern. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to detect the presence and discover the molecular determinants of foodborne bacteria in retail sausages resistant towards the antibacterial agent amoxicillin-clavulanate. Methods: Two grams of sausages were chopped into small pieces and transferred into sterile Luria-Bertani (LB) enrichment broths overnight before they were plated on MacConkey agar petri dishes. The bacteria isolated were then screened for amoxicillinclavulanate resistance, and an antimicrobial susceptibility test of each isolate was performed by using the disc diffusion method. Double synergy and phenotypic tests were carried out to detect the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). API 20E kit was used to identify the Enterobacteriaceae. All isolates were further examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for resistant genes blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, plasmid-mediated AmpC (blaCMY and blaDHA), and the chromosome-mediated AmpC, Sul1, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes. Results: A total of 18 amoxicillin-clavulanate resistant isolates were obtained from seven different types of retail sausages. Only half of them were identified as Enterobacteriaceae, but none were ESBL-producers. All the 18 isolated strains demonstrated resistance towards amoxicillin-clavulanate, penicillin and oxacillin (100%), cefotaxime (71.4%), cefpodoxime (66.7%), and ampicillin (83.3%). blaTEM was the most frequently detected β-lactamase gene. Both plasmid-and chromosomal-bound blaTEM genes were detected in all of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae. blaSHV and Sul1 accounted for 22.2% and 11.1% of the amoxicillin-clavulanate resistant isolates, respectively, whereas blaAMPC, blaCMY, blaDHA, blaOXA-1, and blaOXA-10 were not found in any of the isolates. The only one ESBL-producing bacteria detected in this study was Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, which harbored the blaTEM gene. Conclusions: The multidrug resistant bacteria that carry antibiotic resistant genes from retail sausages may increase the risk of transmission to humans via the consumption of contaminated sausages. Stricter measures must be taken to address the use of antibiotics in animal agriculture and to consider their potential impact on human health.
Microbial Drug Resistance, 2016
The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
ABSTRACT
Biomedical Research
ABSTRACT
Biomedical Research
ABSTRACT
Asian biomedicine
ABSTRACT
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2015
Overuse of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases among humans and livestock has... more Overuse of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases among humans and livestock has led to the emergence of multi-antibiotics resistant bacteria worldwide. This includes bacteria which produce the enzymes extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). This study reports the presence of β-lactamases-producing bacteria (35.7%) and ESBL-producing bacteria (21.4%) from retail sausages in Kampar, Malaysia and the detection of blaCTXM-2 (60%), blaTEM (40%) and blaSHV (20%) genes, but not blaCTXM-1 and blaCTXM-9 genes in these isolates. The bacteria harboring blaCTXM-2 and blaTEM genes were identified as Pseudomonas pneumotropica, whereas the bacteria harboring only blaSHV gene was identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae. This is the first report of blaCTXM-2 in food source in Malaysia.
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2014
Increasing prevalence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in humans is a major concern for pub... more Increasing prevalence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in humans is a major concern for public health. The widespread use of antimicrobial agents in plant production, animals and food production has created a reservoir of resistant bacteria with resistance genes that can be transmitted to humans through foodborne route. Hence, the priority of this study was to isolate and characterize multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria from retail sushi in Kampar. Twenty sushi samples consisting of egg, shrimp, cucumber, raw salmon, and fish roe were sampled. A total of 22 bacteria colonies were isolated on nutrient agar supplemented with ampicillin. Gram staining, biochemical tests and Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out to investigate characteristics of bacterial isolates. From the 22 bacterial isolates, 45% (10/22) were found to be multi-antibiotic resistant. All bacterial isolates were then cultured overnight with ampicillin-supplemented nutrient broth and total D...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of multidrug resistance nodulationcell ... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of multidrug resistance nodulationcell division pump (RND pump) genes and integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from in-patients in Malaysian hospitals. A total of 43 clinical isolates of A. baumannii were examined. All samples were found to be 100% resistant to ampicilin (n=43), ceftriaxone (n=43) and cefuroxime (n=43), followed by augmentin (n=40) and chloramphenicol (n=40) (93%). Local isolates of A. baumannii were also found to develop resistance towards the new class of antibiotic-tigecycline (58.14%). The presence of adeA, adeIJ, adeY RND efflux system genes and integrase gene was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). adeY was not detected in any of the samples. However, majority of the isolates (62.7%, n=27) carried adeA and adeIJ genes, but not integrase gene. Interestingly, the isolates harboring these genes also showed the highest level of resistance toward all antibiotics. In addi...
The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 2007
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha has been implicated as a regulator of acute phas... more Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha has been implicated as a regulator of acute phase response genes in hepatocytes. Interleukin-6 is widely known as a major cytokine responsible in the regulation of acute phase proteins and, therefore, acute phase response. Unfortunately, to date, very little is understood about the molecular mechanisms by which interleukin-6 regulates the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha. Here, we report the molecular mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha was regulated by interleukin-6 in human HepG2 cells. Interleukin-6 was shown to downregulate the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha gene expression at the level of gene transcription. Functional dissection of human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha promoter B revealed the role of predicted CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein binding site (−164/+34) in mediating the interleukin-6 inhibitory effects on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha mRNA expression and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed the binding of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein isoforms to this cis-acting elements was increased in interleukin-6-treated HepG2 cells. Co-transfection experiments, then, demonstrated that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta either in homodimer or heterodimer with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta plays a predominant role in inhibiting the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha promoter B, thus, reducing the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha mRNA expression. These studies, therefore, suggest a novel mechanism for interleukin-6-mediated inhibition of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha gene expression that involves the activation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein isoforms with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta may play a major role.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2003
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARaÞ is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor... more Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARaÞ is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that governs many biological processes, including lipid metabolism, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. We demonstrate here the existence of six variants and multiple transcriptional start sites of the 5 0 untranslated region (UTR) of hPPARa gene, originating from the use of alternative splicing mechanisms and four different promoters. Three new novel exons at the 5 0-untranslated region of human PPARa gene were also identified and designated as Exon A, Exon B, and Exon 2b. In addition, 1.2 kb promoter fragment which drives the transcription of 2 variants with Exon B (hPPARa4 and 6) was successfully cloned and characterised. Sequencing results revealed promoter B did not contain a conservative TATA box within the first 100 nucleotides from transcriptional start site but has several GC-rich regions and putative Sp1 sites. Using luciferase reporter constructs transfected into HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines, promoter B was shown to be functionally active. Basal transcriptional activity was significantly high in the promoter fragment)341/+34, but lower in the region)341/)1147 as compared to the fragment)341/+34, indicating the presence of an element conferring transcriptional activation between positions)341 and +34 or alternatively, the presence of transcriptional repression between positions)341 and)1147 in the promoter B of hPPARa.
European Cytokine Network, 2020
Atherosclerosis is initiated when lipoproteins are trapped by proteoglycans in the arterial intim... more Atherosclerosis is initiated when lipoproteins are trapped by proteoglycans in the arterial intima. Macrophages play a vital role in this disease, especially in the formation of foam cells and the regulation of proinflammatory responses. They also participate in plaque stabilization through the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases. Studies have reported the role of ADAMTS proteases in osteoarthritis and atherosclerotic lesions. In the present study, we have studied the effect of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) on the expression of ADAMTS-5 in the macrophage cell line THP-1. The results show that the mRNA and protein expression levels of ADAMTS-5 were significantly upregulated when differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with 100 ng/mL of IL-17A for 24 h with maximum ADAMTS-5 mRNA expression levels obtained at 8 h of stimulation. Subsequent inhibition studies showed that IL-17A upregulation of ADAMTS-5 was mediated through ERK and JNK pathways in THP-1 cells. Phosphorylation studies revealed that the expression of ADAMTS-5 transcripts was upregulated by IL-17A through the activation of p-c-Raf (S338), p-MEK1/2 (Ser217/221), p-p44/42 MAPK (Thr202/Tyr204), and p-Elk1 (Ser383). ERK1/2 siRNA transfection further confirmed that the ERK pathway is involved in the expression of ADAMTS-5 in IL-17A-stimulated THP-1 cells.
Molecular Biology Reports
OCL
The consumption of coconut milk has long been regarded as detrimental to cardiovascular health du... more The consumption of coconut milk has long been regarded as detrimental to cardiovascular health due to its high saturated fatty acid content. Contradictorily, emerging evidences have highlighted that the fatty acids in coconut lipids, which comprise mostly of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), may be beneficial to the regulation of serum cholesterol. To identify the potential health effect of coconut milk on lipid metabolism, this current study employed an intragastric gavage method on C57BL/6 mice to investigate the physiological and molecular alteration in the mice subject after 8 weeks of gavage intervention. The supplementation of coconut milk did not affect the levels of serum triglyceride, but it induced the total serum cholesterol after 2 weeks of treatment. The serum cholesterol level subsequently plateaued, but an increase in bile acid excretion was observed, most likely through the modulation of bile regulating genes, i.e. farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) and Cyp7a1. Despite that, ...
Tropical Life Sciences Research
The metabolism of alcohol involves cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-induced oxidative stress, with th... more The metabolism of alcohol involves cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-induced oxidative stress, with the association of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signalling pathways. CYP2E1 is primarily involved in the microsomal ethanol oxidising system, which generates massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ultimately leads to oxidative stress and tissue damage. Lauric acid, a major fatty acid in palm kernel oil, has been shown as a potential antioxidant. Here, we aimed to evaluate the use of lauric acid as a potential antioxidant against ethanol-mediated oxidative stress by investigating its effect on CYP2E1 mRNA expression and the signalling pathway in ethanol-induced HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were firstly treated with different concentrations of ethanol, and subsequently co-treated with different concentrations of lauric acid for 24 h. Total cellular RNA and total protein were extracted, and qPCR and Western blot was carried out. Ethanol induced the mR...
Tropical Life Sciences Research
Highlights • IFN-γ increases apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I) expression. • Inactivating NF-κB signall... more Highlights • IFN-γ increases apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I) expression. • Inactivating NF-κB signalling pathway decreases the IFN-γ induction of APOA-I expression. • IFN-γ regulates APOA-I through NF-κB p65 phosphorylation at Ser468 and Ser536.
Molecular Biology Reports
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2016
Background: Due to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock as a growth-promoting agent, the emerg... more Background: Due to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock as a growth-promoting agent, the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria is becoming a concern. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to detect the presence and discover the molecular determinants of foodborne bacteria in retail sausages resistant towards the antibacterial agent amoxicillin-clavulanate. Methods: Two grams of sausages were chopped into small pieces and transferred into sterile Luria-Bertani (LB) enrichment broths overnight before they were plated on MacConkey agar petri dishes. The bacteria isolated were then screened for amoxicillinclavulanate resistance, and an antimicrobial susceptibility test of each isolate was performed by using the disc diffusion method. Double synergy and phenotypic tests were carried out to detect the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). API 20E kit was used to identify the Enterobacteriaceae. All isolates were further examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for resistant genes blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, plasmid-mediated AmpC (blaCMY and blaDHA), and the chromosome-mediated AmpC, Sul1, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes. Results: A total of 18 amoxicillin-clavulanate resistant isolates were obtained from seven different types of retail sausages. Only half of them were identified as Enterobacteriaceae, but none were ESBL-producers. All the 18 isolated strains demonstrated resistance towards amoxicillin-clavulanate, penicillin and oxacillin (100%), cefotaxime (71.4%), cefpodoxime (66.7%), and ampicillin (83.3%). blaTEM was the most frequently detected β-lactamase gene. Both plasmid-and chromosomal-bound blaTEM genes were detected in all of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae. blaSHV and Sul1 accounted for 22.2% and 11.1% of the amoxicillin-clavulanate resistant isolates, respectively, whereas blaAMPC, blaCMY, blaDHA, blaOXA-1, and blaOXA-10 were not found in any of the isolates. The only one ESBL-producing bacteria detected in this study was Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, which harbored the blaTEM gene. Conclusions: The multidrug resistant bacteria that carry antibiotic resistant genes from retail sausages may increase the risk of transmission to humans via the consumption of contaminated sausages. Stricter measures must be taken to address the use of antibiotics in animal agriculture and to consider their potential impact on human health.
Microbial Drug Resistance, 2016
The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
ABSTRACT
Biomedical Research
ABSTRACT
Biomedical Research
ABSTRACT
Asian biomedicine
ABSTRACT