Christiaan Lemmen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Christiaan Lemmen
Land, 2024
Sharing land data from one department to the other is a continuous process. A solid structure and... more Sharing land data from one department to the other is a continuous process. A solid structure and a set of guidelines on how to share them is to be put in place as a foundation for the development of a land administration data exchange and interoperability framework in support of data acquisition, land transactions and distribution of land data. In this research, the application of the ISO Framework for Enterprise Interoperability (FEI) as a standard is the starting point. Utilising the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) profile for Kenya as a base, an interoperability framework in support of land administration in Kenya is developed that addresses concerns, removes barriers and selects the approach for implementation. Due to the critical nature of land, it fits into the United Nations 2030 sustainability agenda. During the development of the Kenyan profile, four country-specific issues in the context of people-to-land relationships have been identified and modeled. The mapping of those issues relevant to the sustainable development goals supports the achievement of those goals so that all related targets and indicators can be attained. Using GIS tools, the implementing and testing of the new LADM profile for Kenya is not a difficult task. By using existing land data combined with newly collected data in the LADM-compliant database, a complete and accurate workflow is assured. Integration with external databases is useful for improving efficiency and eliminating duplication. Data collection with all stakeholders and validation through public inspection are recommended.
This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International
Advances in Responsible Land Administration, 2015
Using tests in Rwanda, this chapter introduces an alternative to populating a land administration... more Using tests in Rwanda, this chapter introduces an alternative to populating a land administration system: the digital pen toolkit can reduce the workflows for capturing parcel geometry. It is a low-cost technology that can be operated with relatively limited training. Instead of acquiring data through a participatory mapping process using ortho-photos, regular drawing equipment, and extensive post-processing, the use of a digital pen allows storage of the digital data directly into geo-referenced digital format. When comparing this to the analog method it reduces sources of errors, saves time, reduces archiving space, and optimally utilizes the benefits of participatory mapping.
Land Use Policy
Land and space are major driving factors in doing business in urban areas. Cities around the worl... more Land and space are major driving factors in doing business in urban areas. Cities around the world are performing land management techniques to achieve sustainable urban development. The World Bank acknowledges the importance of land management practices and promotes it as the Ease Of Doing Business (EODB) indicators for a supportive environment for economic activities. In improving a city's competitiveness, local governments need to establish a reliable Land Administration System to organize unrenewable urban land and spaces and simultaneously reduce information asymmetry between actors. A modernized LAS is needed to accommodate the four functions of land management: land tenure, land value, land-use planning, and land development. The ISO 19152:2012 on Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standard offers a foundation to establish information interoperability in land management that is crucial in modeling the relationship between people and land (and space), the geometrical components, as well as documented Rights, Responsibilities, and Restrictions (RRRs) in land. To promote the exchange of information between the domains of land administration domain and spatial planning, an extension of LADM, the Spatial Plan Information Package (SP Package), was proposed to support cities organizing information in land management. This article presents the proposed spatial plan information extension to the LADM country profile for Indonesia. This work also develops a proof-of-concept of the package in the two biggest Indonesian cities (Jakarta and Bandung) with adaptation to the current national data management policies. Our research shows positive results on making the LADM country profile reflect on the real condition and improving LAS's adaptability to be integrated with the Spatial Information Infrastructure.
International laws and frameworks such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with its de... more International laws and frameworks such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with its defined Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), together with the Voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security (VGGTs) are key global cornerstones in the protection of women's land rights and enabler for women to get land rights. Land rights for women is an issue that is linked to broader issues across geographical regions and cultural and religious differences. The SDGs specifically target women's land and property rights in ending poverty (target 1.4), achieving food security (target 2.3) and ensuring gender equality (target 5a). To achieve these goals and to act according to these global policies, namely, to have equal land rights for women and men, land ownership and land use records need to include both genders. Though, in many countries, such records are non-existent or not up to date or do not show the reality on the ground. As a result, women are often passed over by the government during tenure recordation processes. Further overlapping or secondary land rights have been lost through formal land registration systems (women are often these 'secondary land right holders', where men are mostly the primary right holder). Consequently, the livelihoods of those relying on the secondary land rights, which are often overlapping use rights to property rights, have been negatively affected. Issues such as: polygamy, monogamy, divorce, inheritance, primary and secondary rights, shares in property and use rights, legal systems (statutory, customary) are directly related to women's land rights. More specifically, the required supportive data models, forms and databases that could support women's land rights are either not designed or used in a way that is gender equitable. Aimed at overcoming these issues, supporting and enhancing the protection of the land rights of women and underrepresented, fit-for-purpose land administration promotes alternative approaches to improve land tenure security.
First Edition of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) has three packages related to: Parti... more First Edition of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) has three packages related to: Parties (people and organisations); Basic Administrative Units, Rights, Responsibilities, and Restrictions (of ownership rights); spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks) with a sub package for Surveying and Representation (geometry and topology). The latter sub-package provides the functionality to manage observations and cadastral surveys measurements. Contents of LADM implementations are based on authentic source documents, including the names of the persons having a role (responsibility) in the process of the initial data acquisition and/or in the maintenance process. This concerns legal/administrative data and spatial data based on field surveys and observations-where responsible professionals can be conveyors, registrars, surveyors, grassroot surveyors, citizens themselves (participatory surveying) and paralegals. Some of the existing parts of Edition I of the LADM are proposed to be refined in the context of development of Edition II of the standard. This will allow for the inclusion of better structured meta data-also in support of participatory approaches in cadastral surveying. Richer semantics may require more rigid representations of the various Code Lists and the values they contain (adding more structure and using sematic technologies to define meaning of values). An extended survey and legal models are proposed and presented in this paper. This implies adjustments from field observations to the spatial database and the generation of quality labels.
Key words: access to land; cadastre; digital cadastre; e-Governance; GSDI; tenure security; cadas... more Key words: access to land; cadastre; digital cadastre; e-Governance; GSDI; tenure security; cadastral data modeling SUMMARY At the FIG Congress in Washington in 2002, the proposal was launched to develop a (shared) core cadastral domain model; the FIG CCDM (van Oosterom and Lemmen, 2002). After the launch several specific international workshops have been devoted to the development of this topic, various organizations have been involved (Open GeoSpatial Consortium- OGC,
This paper will focus on (cadastral) geodata acquisition, based on field surveys in the context o... more This paper will focus on (cadastral) geodata acquisition, based on field surveys in the context of the ISO 19152 Draft International Standard (DIS) Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). During the development of LADM existing standards have been re-used as far as possible. Original observations related to adjudication, and all geodata maintenance, because of land transactions, physical planning, establishment of mortgage, etc. need to be documented. This is for quality, consistency and integrity reasons. The documentation is the basis for authenticity of the administrative and geodata. In case of cadastral geodata this documentation is often referred to as "evidence from the field".Data acquisition can be based on variety of approaches (low cost / high tech), which not always involves conventional terrestrial surveying. Observations may require transformations and adjustments, or other corrections (e.g. rectangulation), before the cadastral geodata for spatial units can...
focus on constraints specified in the Object Constraint Language
Managers of Cadastral systems often stress the differences between their systems. The one end has... more Managers of Cadastral systems often stress the differences between their systems. The one end has a deed, the other a title registration, some systems are centralized, and others decentralized. Some systems are based on a general boundaries approach, others on fixed boundaries. Some cadastres have a fiscal background, others a legal one. Etcetera. However, looking at it from a little distance the systems are in principle mainly the same: they are all based on the relationships between persons and land, via (property) rights and are much influenced by developments in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this paper the authors propose the development of a standardized core cadastral data model based on the geographic standards from ISO and OpenGIS. This cadastral model will be developed in cooperation with the FIG, the research is related to the framework of the COST (Co-ordination in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) Action G9: ‘Modelling Real Property...
A system to support electronic conveyancing of deeds has been developed at the Netherlands Cadast... more A system to support electronic conveyancing of deeds has been developed at the Netherlands Cadastre in close co-operation with the notaries. This system will be operational as soon as the required legislation has been accepted by parliament. The system has been accepted by the notary as a secure system which can replace the paper based system. In this paper some basic concepts of the Netherlands Cadastre are presented and some technical aspects on the developed system on electronic conveyancing of deeds: electronic signatures, hashing algorithms and the role of a Certification Service Provider are presented in relation to the functionality of the system for electronic conveyancing of deeds. TS5 e-Government Aspects of Land
Land, 2024
Sharing land data from one department to the other is a continuous process. A solid structure and... more Sharing land data from one department to the other is a continuous process. A solid structure and a set of guidelines on how to share them is to be put in place as a foundation for the development of a land administration data exchange and interoperability framework in support of data acquisition, land transactions and distribution of land data. In this research, the application of the ISO Framework for Enterprise Interoperability (FEI) as a standard is the starting point. Utilising the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) profile for Kenya as a base, an interoperability framework in support of land administration in Kenya is developed that addresses concerns, removes barriers and selects the approach for implementation. Due to the critical nature of land, it fits into the United Nations 2030 sustainability agenda. During the development of the Kenyan profile, four country-specific issues in the context of people-to-land relationships have been identified and modeled. The mapping of those issues relevant to the sustainable development goals supports the achievement of those goals so that all related targets and indicators can be attained. Using GIS tools, the implementing and testing of the new LADM profile for Kenya is not a difficult task. By using existing land data combined with newly collected data in the LADM-compliant database, a complete and accurate workflow is assured. Integration with external databases is useful for improving efficiency and eliminating duplication. Data collection with all stakeholders and validation through public inspection are recommended.
This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International
Advances in Responsible Land Administration, 2015
Using tests in Rwanda, this chapter introduces an alternative to populating a land administration... more Using tests in Rwanda, this chapter introduces an alternative to populating a land administration system: the digital pen toolkit can reduce the workflows for capturing parcel geometry. It is a low-cost technology that can be operated with relatively limited training. Instead of acquiring data through a participatory mapping process using ortho-photos, regular drawing equipment, and extensive post-processing, the use of a digital pen allows storage of the digital data directly into geo-referenced digital format. When comparing this to the analog method it reduces sources of errors, saves time, reduces archiving space, and optimally utilizes the benefits of participatory mapping.
Land Use Policy
Land and space are major driving factors in doing business in urban areas. Cities around the worl... more Land and space are major driving factors in doing business in urban areas. Cities around the world are performing land management techniques to achieve sustainable urban development. The World Bank acknowledges the importance of land management practices and promotes it as the Ease Of Doing Business (EODB) indicators for a supportive environment for economic activities. In improving a city's competitiveness, local governments need to establish a reliable Land Administration System to organize unrenewable urban land and spaces and simultaneously reduce information asymmetry between actors. A modernized LAS is needed to accommodate the four functions of land management: land tenure, land value, land-use planning, and land development. The ISO 19152:2012 on Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standard offers a foundation to establish information interoperability in land management that is crucial in modeling the relationship between people and land (and space), the geometrical components, as well as documented Rights, Responsibilities, and Restrictions (RRRs) in land. To promote the exchange of information between the domains of land administration domain and spatial planning, an extension of LADM, the Spatial Plan Information Package (SP Package), was proposed to support cities organizing information in land management. This article presents the proposed spatial plan information extension to the LADM country profile for Indonesia. This work also develops a proof-of-concept of the package in the two biggest Indonesian cities (Jakarta and Bandung) with adaptation to the current national data management policies. Our research shows positive results on making the LADM country profile reflect on the real condition and improving LAS's adaptability to be integrated with the Spatial Information Infrastructure.
International laws and frameworks such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with its de... more International laws and frameworks such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with its defined Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), together with the Voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security (VGGTs) are key global cornerstones in the protection of women's land rights and enabler for women to get land rights. Land rights for women is an issue that is linked to broader issues across geographical regions and cultural and religious differences. The SDGs specifically target women's land and property rights in ending poverty (target 1.4), achieving food security (target 2.3) and ensuring gender equality (target 5a). To achieve these goals and to act according to these global policies, namely, to have equal land rights for women and men, land ownership and land use records need to include both genders. Though, in many countries, such records are non-existent or not up to date or do not show the reality on the ground. As a result, women are often passed over by the government during tenure recordation processes. Further overlapping or secondary land rights have been lost through formal land registration systems (women are often these 'secondary land right holders', where men are mostly the primary right holder). Consequently, the livelihoods of those relying on the secondary land rights, which are often overlapping use rights to property rights, have been negatively affected. Issues such as: polygamy, monogamy, divorce, inheritance, primary and secondary rights, shares in property and use rights, legal systems (statutory, customary) are directly related to women's land rights. More specifically, the required supportive data models, forms and databases that could support women's land rights are either not designed or used in a way that is gender equitable. Aimed at overcoming these issues, supporting and enhancing the protection of the land rights of women and underrepresented, fit-for-purpose land administration promotes alternative approaches to improve land tenure security.
First Edition of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) has three packages related to: Parti... more First Edition of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) has three packages related to: Parties (people and organisations); Basic Administrative Units, Rights, Responsibilities, and Restrictions (of ownership rights); spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks) with a sub package for Surveying and Representation (geometry and topology). The latter sub-package provides the functionality to manage observations and cadastral surveys measurements. Contents of LADM implementations are based on authentic source documents, including the names of the persons having a role (responsibility) in the process of the initial data acquisition and/or in the maintenance process. This concerns legal/administrative data and spatial data based on field surveys and observations-where responsible professionals can be conveyors, registrars, surveyors, grassroot surveyors, citizens themselves (participatory surveying) and paralegals. Some of the existing parts of Edition I of the LADM are proposed to be refined in the context of development of Edition II of the standard. This will allow for the inclusion of better structured meta data-also in support of participatory approaches in cadastral surveying. Richer semantics may require more rigid representations of the various Code Lists and the values they contain (adding more structure and using sematic technologies to define meaning of values). An extended survey and legal models are proposed and presented in this paper. This implies adjustments from field observations to the spatial database and the generation of quality labels.
Key words: access to land; cadastre; digital cadastre; e-Governance; GSDI; tenure security; cadas... more Key words: access to land; cadastre; digital cadastre; e-Governance; GSDI; tenure security; cadastral data modeling SUMMARY At the FIG Congress in Washington in 2002, the proposal was launched to develop a (shared) core cadastral domain model; the FIG CCDM (van Oosterom and Lemmen, 2002). After the launch several specific international workshops have been devoted to the development of this topic, various organizations have been involved (Open GeoSpatial Consortium- OGC,
This paper will focus on (cadastral) geodata acquisition, based on field surveys in the context o... more This paper will focus on (cadastral) geodata acquisition, based on field surveys in the context of the ISO 19152 Draft International Standard (DIS) Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). During the development of LADM existing standards have been re-used as far as possible. Original observations related to adjudication, and all geodata maintenance, because of land transactions, physical planning, establishment of mortgage, etc. need to be documented. This is for quality, consistency and integrity reasons. The documentation is the basis for authenticity of the administrative and geodata. In case of cadastral geodata this documentation is often referred to as "evidence from the field".Data acquisition can be based on variety of approaches (low cost / high tech), which not always involves conventional terrestrial surveying. Observations may require transformations and adjustments, or other corrections (e.g. rectangulation), before the cadastral geodata for spatial units can...
focus on constraints specified in the Object Constraint Language
Managers of Cadastral systems often stress the differences between their systems. The one end has... more Managers of Cadastral systems often stress the differences between their systems. The one end has a deed, the other a title registration, some systems are centralized, and others decentralized. Some systems are based on a general boundaries approach, others on fixed boundaries. Some cadastres have a fiscal background, others a legal one. Etcetera. However, looking at it from a little distance the systems are in principle mainly the same: they are all based on the relationships between persons and land, via (property) rights and are much influenced by developments in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this paper the authors propose the development of a standardized core cadastral data model based on the geographic standards from ISO and OpenGIS. This cadastral model will be developed in cooperation with the FIG, the research is related to the framework of the COST (Co-ordination in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) Action G9: ‘Modelling Real Property...
A system to support electronic conveyancing of deeds has been developed at the Netherlands Cadast... more A system to support electronic conveyancing of deeds has been developed at the Netherlands Cadastre in close co-operation with the notaries. This system will be operational as soon as the required legislation has been accepted by parliament. The system has been accepted by the notary as a secure system which can replace the paper based system. In this paper some basic concepts of the Netherlands Cadastre are presented and some technical aspects on the developed system on electronic conveyancing of deeds: electronic signatures, hashing algorithms and the role of a Certification Service Provider are presented in relation to the functionality of the system for electronic conveyancing of deeds. TS5 e-Government Aspects of Land