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Papers by Christopher Hendricks

Recorded Entries The following NCpedia entries have audio embedded in them that has been recorded... more Recorded Entries The following NCpedia entries have audio embedded in them that has been recorded by the NC Library for the Blind & Physically Handicapped [2]. The recordings are created for use by individuals with vision impairments and other special requirements, but are also available for anyone who would like to listen to a recording of the articles. The audio, and an audio player, is embedded on the page. Select entries are available for download in MP3 format. These may be copyrighted and are for personal and educational purposes only. We are unable to make all entries available for download due to copyright restrictions. Business & Industry Furniture industry (multipart entry) by Patricia Phillips Marshall, 2006. From Encyclopedia of North Carolina, UNC Press. Additional research by Michael H. Lewis. Copyrighted: Overview [3] Colonial era to the Civil War [4] Industrial age [5] Modern furniture industry [6] References [7]

Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture

Choice Reviews Online, 2007

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The Journal of Southern History, 2004

Page 1. Page 2. Page 3. Savannah in the Old South This On© 72J2-CYB-690E Page 4. Page 5. ... 1sbn... more Page 1. Page 2. Page 3. Savannah in the Old South This On© 72J2-CYB-690E Page 4. Page 5. ... 1sbn 0-8203-2436-1 (alk. paper) 1. Savannah (Ga.)History. 2. Savannah (Ga.)Social conditions. 3. Savannah (Ga.)Race relations. i. Title. II. ...

Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum, 2013

When the first Moravian settlers arrived in North Carolina and founded the town of Salem in the m... more When the first Moravian settlers arrived in North Carolina and founded the town of Salem in the middle of the eighteenth century, Moravians had built many types of settlements across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. These included household missions, farming villages, and the most complex, the Gemein Ort, or congregation town, although before 1750 congregation towns stood only in Europe and the British colony of Pennsylvania. Individuals, both leaders and residents, play vital roles in the development and function of any town, but social systems and ideological beliefs also shape and define a community. The Moravians built congregation towns to create a kind of functional segregation. They wanted to maintain their religious and cultural traditions by building insular settlements, but they were craftsmen, and as their towns were primarily places of production and trade, not agriculture, they needed customers. Balancing these two disparate goals was difficult. Incorporating their religious and social systems into the congregation town form, the Moravians of Salem created a mechanism that allowed them to maintain the unique character of their community for almost a century. Moravian congregation towns shared common elements, such as types of buildings and the basic town form, that could be replicated in multiple settings. These eighteenth-century German Pietists organized their social systems physically using common rectilinear streetscapes with larger public buildings set around a central square, just as they used familiar German architectural design elements and construction techniques, adapting them to meet their needs. The public buildings were quite substantial structures, and the Moravians constructed them to serve specific functions, but only after a lengthy process of discussion, planning, and prayer. Within a Gemein Ort, the locations for houses, which usually fronted streets, were carefully thought out, allowing for ample space for a work yard and garden or orchard behind the house (Figure 1). The center of the community was the town square, which could serve a variety of purposes: market, park, meeting place, or in some instances, even farmland. The Gemein Haus, a multipurpose building housing religious and government activities, usually dominated the square and thus the town (Figure 2). Each new congregation town constructed in the first half of the eighteenth century contributed some original element to Moravian town design that helped shape the North Carolina project. Thus, the evolution of the congregation town form and the creation of Moravian religious and social systems are key to understanding the decisions the Brethren made for Salem.

The American Historical Review, 1995

The Georgia Historical Quarterly, 2010

History: Reviews of New Books, 2000

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Journal of Moravian History

As an outward manifestation of their missionary activity, the Moravians developed the concept of ... more As an outward manifestation of their missionary activity, the Moravians developed the concept of the Gemein Ort or Congregation town. Planned around a village square, these communities contained a church or congregation house, a community store, an inn, schools, and various choir houses. These elements were arranged in a town plan that varied according to local conditions and the individual taste of each congregation. As the Moravians took their mission out of central Europe into new regions and continents, the plans of Congregation towns diversified. This is not the case, however, for two towns established during the middle of the eighteenth century. The villages of Salem and Gracehill were planned and constructed independently of one another, by two very different segments of the "renewed" Moravian church. Salem was built with the full cooperation and involvement of the church hierarchy, on land which had had little or no previous occupation. Gracehill was built as an af...

Listen to this entry Download MP3 audio [2] Related Entry: Piedmont Geography [3] North Carolina ... more Listen to this entry Download MP3 audio [2] Related Entry: Piedmont Geography [3] North Carolina settlers from Europe or of European descent remained mostly in the Coastal Plain [4] Region until about forty years before the American Revolution [5] (1775– 1783). The fall line, with its waterfalls and rapids, made traveling on rivers difficult and discouraged migration into the Piedmont [3] from the Coastal Plain [4]. But once settlers began arriving in the Piedmont [3], they came in great numbers and helped make North Carolina's population grow rapidly. The colony's population more than doubled in the decade from 1765 to 1775. The Piedmont [3] stretches from the fall line westward to the edge of the Appalachian Mountains [6]. This colonial backcountry differed from the low-lying Coastal Plain [4]. Its limestone and clay soils supported forests and grasslands. Its swift-flowing, shallow streams and narrow rivers were not good for boat traffic, but they offered excellent sites ...