Dan Stark - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dan Stark

Theory Describing How Lepton Particles Are Created, 2021

This paper is the 5 th in a series wherein a theory of matter has been evolving. A theory of exci... more This paper is the 5 th in a series wherein a theory of matter has been evolving. A theory of excitation for elementary particles is proposed using leptons such as the electron and positron as examples. The theory predicts that all matter is Dark Matter (DM) with our matter being excited DM. Excitation is theorized by incorporation of an Electromagnetic (EM) fields. Excitation is predicted to occur when a DM quanta group captures into a closed wave orbit a photon creating a micro photon sphere. To satisfy quantum requirements the photon's orbit path length must be an integral number of wavelengths with one wavelength being the most stable particle. The orbiting photon creates EM outgoing or incoming EM fields dependent on where on the wavelength the photon enters the orbit. Reference Dr. Milo Wolf's prediction that an outgoing E field produces a positively charged particle, and an incoming E field creates a negatively charged particle. Supporting evidence is based on annihilation of a positron and an electron resulting in two observed gamma rays. This theory also predicts two Dark Matter (DM) particles are released in addition during the positron electron annihilation.

Fundamental Particle for all Matter is Dark Matter, 2019

Abstract This paper presents a new concept for all matter. The thesis is that all matter both nor... more Abstract
This paper presents a new concept for all matter. The thesis is that all matter both normal and Dark Matter (DM) are composed of the same fundamental particle, a DM particle which when the DM’s gravitational field is excited, creates the Electromagnetic (EM) force. The excited DM particle is transformed to our normal matter when excited, now having gravitational and EM forces.
This theory is similar to string theory, except it is a three-dimensional concept with the strings replaced by a spherical structure composed of a gravitational field produced by a DM particle which has both mass and a gravitational field. The source of all mass and gravitational fields are predicted as derived from the mysterious DM.
The fundamental DM particle is further theorized to “group” forming larger DM particles up to some unstable state, allowing for a family of normal matter fundamental particles when the DM group’s gravitational fields are excited.
Herein a DM particle is described as having three dimensions with a volume, not a point. DM and all particles need to be viewed as including their respective fields as being part of the particle’s dimensions. A DM particle is theorized to have a hollow center surrounded by a gravitational field with an inner spherical boundary and an outer boundary approaching infinity based on the volume of the sphere, or radius cubed. All particles are large, only the centers are very small.
A DM’s gravitational field excitation creates the Electromagnetic fields, which creates normal matter. Quantum physics is fundamental to this concept because DMs are quantized and excited gravitational fields are waves. Energy is not predicted as quantized; however, storage mechanisms do quantize packets of energy.
Photons are theorized to be massless, open EM waves ejected from excited DM particles and traveling on the gravitational field.
Waves and particles both have dimension, and cannot be described as a point, except particles may be mathematically treated as a point at a distance. Characteristics of a particle and a wave can be described at a point, but to describe the particle or wave, an equation describing the volume is required.
DM excitation is theorized to occur when two DMs with high kinetic velocity pass through each other, causing some of the kinetic energy to be absorbed with the excitation of the gravitational field. Different excitation modes determine the particle’s characteristics. Our matter’s fundamental particles are predicted to be composed of different excited DM and DM groups. The excited DMs further form fundamental particles as observed by current particle physics.
A key point is that our normal matter may have several fundamental particles. The real fundamental particle is a single
DM.

This paper presents a new concept for all matter.

This paper presents a new concept for particle physics, which leads to a new concept for the univ... more This paper presents a new concept for particle physics, which leads to a new concept for the universe and theories in physics. That concept is that the fundamental particle in the universe is a Dark Matter (DM) particle, and our matter consists of excited DM particles. The excited DM particles are theorized as formed in small regions of the universe where DM particles have been concentrated via gravitational attraction, which also acts to concentrate gravitational potential energy. These high-energy DM concentrations energize DM particles, creating the electromagnetic fields, which forms our matter and our sub-universe. The DM particles only interact via a gravitational field; however, the excited DM is theorized to also create the electromagnetic force. The weak and strong nuclear forces are theorized as an edifice of the DM basic bubble like structure. All matter is composed of only two items, DM and energy. All particles are composed of different combinations of these two items. The greater universe is an even distribution of DM particles with all energy stored as gravitational potential. Our sub-universe is a concentration of DM and energy. The energy flows back to lower energy regions in the universe following the same principle as the thermodynamic laws. The energy flows back to the universe's lower energy regions via excited DM particles, creating the appearance of an expanding universe. Thus we live in two universes, an infinite DM universe and a finite sub-universe composed of our matter with both universes sharing the same space, time, energy, gravity and DM particles. This theory has major implications in " a theory of the universe, " particle physics and general physics. This simple assumption provides alternate theories to many of current accepted theories. The model presented herein is less complex than the current Standard Model, origin of the universe, and relativity. Many current contradictions are resolved. This theory lends itself to more rigorous mathematical modeling of physical phenomena, enabling a more rigorous mathematical modeling as compared to current theories.

Theory Describing How Lepton Particles Are Created, 2021

This paper is the 5 th in a series wherein a theory of matter has been evolving. A theory of exci... more This paper is the 5 th in a series wherein a theory of matter has been evolving. A theory of excitation for elementary particles is proposed using leptons such as the electron and positron as examples. The theory predicts that all matter is Dark Matter (DM) with our matter being excited DM. Excitation is theorized by incorporation of an Electromagnetic (EM) fields. Excitation is predicted to occur when a DM quanta group captures into a closed wave orbit a photon creating a micro photon sphere. To satisfy quantum requirements the photon's orbit path length must be an integral number of wavelengths with one wavelength being the most stable particle. The orbiting photon creates EM outgoing or incoming EM fields dependent on where on the wavelength the photon enters the orbit. Reference Dr. Milo Wolf's prediction that an outgoing E field produces a positively charged particle, and an incoming E field creates a negatively charged particle. Supporting evidence is based on annihilation of a positron and an electron resulting in two observed gamma rays. This theory also predicts two Dark Matter (DM) particles are released in addition during the positron electron annihilation.

Fundamental Particle for all Matter is Dark Matter, 2019

Abstract This paper presents a new concept for all matter. The thesis is that all matter both nor... more Abstract
This paper presents a new concept for all matter. The thesis is that all matter both normal and Dark Matter (DM) are composed of the same fundamental particle, a DM particle which when the DM’s gravitational field is excited, creates the Electromagnetic (EM) force. The excited DM particle is transformed to our normal matter when excited, now having gravitational and EM forces.
This theory is similar to string theory, except it is a three-dimensional concept with the strings replaced by a spherical structure composed of a gravitational field produced by a DM particle which has both mass and a gravitational field. The source of all mass and gravitational fields are predicted as derived from the mysterious DM.
The fundamental DM particle is further theorized to “group” forming larger DM particles up to some unstable state, allowing for a family of normal matter fundamental particles when the DM group’s gravitational fields are excited.
Herein a DM particle is described as having three dimensions with a volume, not a point. DM and all particles need to be viewed as including their respective fields as being part of the particle’s dimensions. A DM particle is theorized to have a hollow center surrounded by a gravitational field with an inner spherical boundary and an outer boundary approaching infinity based on the volume of the sphere, or radius cubed. All particles are large, only the centers are very small.
A DM’s gravitational field excitation creates the Electromagnetic fields, which creates normal matter. Quantum physics is fundamental to this concept because DMs are quantized and excited gravitational fields are waves. Energy is not predicted as quantized; however, storage mechanisms do quantize packets of energy.
Photons are theorized to be massless, open EM waves ejected from excited DM particles and traveling on the gravitational field.
Waves and particles both have dimension, and cannot be described as a point, except particles may be mathematically treated as a point at a distance. Characteristics of a particle and a wave can be described at a point, but to describe the particle or wave, an equation describing the volume is required.
DM excitation is theorized to occur when two DMs with high kinetic velocity pass through each other, causing some of the kinetic energy to be absorbed with the excitation of the gravitational field. Different excitation modes determine the particle’s characteristics. Our matter’s fundamental particles are predicted to be composed of different excited DM and DM groups. The excited DMs further form fundamental particles as observed by current particle physics.
A key point is that our normal matter may have several fundamental particles. The real fundamental particle is a single
DM.

This paper presents a new concept for all matter.

This paper presents a new concept for particle physics, which leads to a new concept for the univ... more This paper presents a new concept for particle physics, which leads to a new concept for the universe and theories in physics. That concept is that the fundamental particle in the universe is a Dark Matter (DM) particle, and our matter consists of excited DM particles. The excited DM particles are theorized as formed in small regions of the universe where DM particles have been concentrated via gravitational attraction, which also acts to concentrate gravitational potential energy. These high-energy DM concentrations energize DM particles, creating the electromagnetic fields, which forms our matter and our sub-universe. The DM particles only interact via a gravitational field; however, the excited DM is theorized to also create the electromagnetic force. The weak and strong nuclear forces are theorized as an edifice of the DM basic bubble like structure. All matter is composed of only two items, DM and energy. All particles are composed of different combinations of these two items. The greater universe is an even distribution of DM particles with all energy stored as gravitational potential. Our sub-universe is a concentration of DM and energy. The energy flows back to lower energy regions in the universe following the same principle as the thermodynamic laws. The energy flows back to the universe's lower energy regions via excited DM particles, creating the appearance of an expanding universe. Thus we live in two universes, an infinite DM universe and a finite sub-universe composed of our matter with both universes sharing the same space, time, energy, gravity and DM particles. This theory has major implications in " a theory of the universe, " particle physics and general physics. This simple assumption provides alternate theories to many of current accepted theories. The model presented herein is less complex than the current Standard Model, origin of the universe, and relativity. Many current contradictions are resolved. This theory lends itself to more rigorous mathematical modeling of physical phenomena, enabling a more rigorous mathematical modeling as compared to current theories.