Fundmental Particle of all Matter.pdf (original) (raw)
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The origin of Gravity, Photonic Radiation and Matter
This paper presents a new hypothesis by introducing a novel concept called progenitor state of matter and radiation. This is termed as dark state of matter and energy (DSME). It is proposed that the Gravity, Photonic Radiation and Matter originated from the dark state of matter and energy. This state is proposed to have a peculiar property, it manifests only when it is stretched, and this stretching is gravity. The value of the Gravitational Constant is variable and depends on the magnitude of this stretching. The relaxation of stretched DSME creates photonic radiation and stretching beyond a certain point produces matter. 1. What is the Dark State of Matter and Energy : The Introduction It is the progenitor state of matter and radiation. It is proposed that entire universe is filled with Dark State of Matter and Energy; empty space is actually the dark state of matter and energy, there is no domain without this. It is further proposed that all the matter and radiation originated from this Dark State of Matter and Energy only. The stretching of this DSME beyond certain level forms the matter and the relaxation in stretched DSME leads to emission of photonic radiation. The term dark is used for this state of matter and energy as this state does not interact electromagnetically in the form of prevalent defined interactions. Since this hypothesis brings in a rigorous concept of non-empty space, albeit in a non-materialistic form, so it is prudent before proceeding further to explain the null result of Michelson Morley Experiment [1]. They were expecting presence of relative motion between the Earth and the ether, presuming ether as matter. But the DSME is not matter and hence no DSME wind exists. The gravity is the direct detection of presence of stretched DSME. Only when the stretching is beyond certain critical point, the matter forms, thus the DSME stretched below this critical point can only be observed manifesting itself as gravity only. In this paper a start is made in a new direction wherein the empty space is considered as non materialistic self limiting stretchable entity with certain characteristics, this may lead to a better modeling of nature around us. Most of the relevant explained and yet unexplained, observations are taken up one by one, and as a first step in building this as theory, plausibility of this hypothesis standing upfront in explaining these observations is taken up.
The core Idea we postulate it is that the nature has same fundamentals. In this scientific article we will explore the broad area in physical science in different aspect and compare to existing known scientific theories. There are no remarkable contradictions with accepted theories, instead integrates and interprets to a better Unified theory. Gravity is the basic interaction and the Photon is the ultimate elementary particle that every thing is made of. Sphere is dominating shape of the Nature. Multi-Dimensions are important issue for sphere Geometry. Dark matter which has two faces is also another face of the universe's matter. We focus particle theory in both astrophysical and subatomic particles including WIMPs MACHOs, Quarks, and Leptons. The Natures Elementary charge's characteristic is significant in the charged subatomic particles , such as Proton, Electrons, while it is trivial in the other Neutral particles, such as Neutron, Neutrino, and Neutron star, this phenomena is seemingly based on quantum of what may called ultimate elementary particles. It is about ODD and EVEN numbers, DISORDERED and ORDERED systems. Our conclusion of particle system hierarchy is that there are two main categories due to quantity of Photons.. Gravitational potential energy In my opinion this expression of potential energy, is a potential energy that ultimate elementary particle (Photon) has due to Gravitational, and can be converted kinetic energy. However this equation tells that: ultimate elementary particle. Another point is that if the potential difference (V) has basic quantity relatively to mass of the accelerated particle, then it must be 1V. We know that the voltage quantity that accelerating the particle is the mass ratio the particle. Using basic quanta (value) of the potential difference as (1Volt), we obtain:
This work derives the relation between the Planck constant and Einstein’s gravitational constant. The relation between the Planck constant and Newton’s gravitational constant is deduced. The relation between the Planck constant and the electric force of 1 Coulomb and the magnetic force of 1 Henry is deduced. It establishes that the Planck constant represents the density of momentum of the void space in the Universe. This work proves that gravitational force has its opposite force in the internal momentum of atomic particles of matter. It establishes that two terms mass and electric charge introduced by mankind are not known in nature. It is proven that, in nature, there is only one type of force and that is the force-balance of inertial forces, between the internal momentum of particles and the reversely oriented force of its own force-field in the surroundings of mass particles. This work further maintains that the essence of the composition of the mass of all atomic particles, as well as all force fields in the universe, is the same and is created by the compression of density of the momentum of the void space.
12 On the Origin of Elementary Particle Masses
2016
The oldest enigma in fundamental particle physics is: Where do the observed masses of elementary particles come from? Inspired by observation of the empirical particle mass spectrum we propose that the masses of elementary particles arise solely due to the self-interaction of the fields associated with a particle. We thus assume that the mass is proportional to the strength of the interaction of the field with itself. A simple application of this idea to the fermions is seen to yield a mass for the neutrino in line with constraints from direct experimental upper limits and correct order of magnitude predictions of mass separations between neutrinos, charged leptons and quarks. The neutrino interacts only through the weak force, hence becomes light. The electron interacts also via electromagnetism and accordingly becomes heavier. The quarks also have strong interactions and become heavy. The photon is the only fundamental particle to remain massless, as it is chargeless. Gluons gain mass comparable to quarks, or slightly larger due to a somewhat larger color charge. Including particles outside the standard model proper, gravitons are not exactly massless, but very light due to their very weak self-interaction. Some immediate and physically interesting consequences arise: i) Gluons have an effective range ∼ 1fm, physically explaining why QCD has finite reach ii) Gravity has an effective range ∼ 100 Mpc coinciding with the largest known structures; the cosmic voids iii) Gravitational waves undergo dispersion even in vacuum, and have all five polarizations (not just
viXra, 2019
Here, in axioms of dynamic space-matter, the single theory of all math and physical theories is introduced, with a possibility of researches of energy levels of a singularity. These are initial elements quantum gravity. Mass field. They follow from the equation of the General Theory of the Relativity.
On the Nature and Origin of Matter, Dark Matter and Dark Energy: Part 1, Fundamentals
ViXra.org, ResearchGate, 2023
A theoretical model (Model OMG, Ongoing Mass Genesis) is presented that explains the nature and origin of matter, dark matter and dark energy and calculates energy densities matching the Planck mission data. The model is based on the FLRW cosmology but with continuing creation of equal amounts of positive and negative matter in a Null universe. Dark Energy is gravitational repulsion caused by negative matter, Dark matter is non-normal positive matter, including antimatter, in bosonic form but gravitationally attractive to normal matter The model proposes a unified description of gravity and electric potential calculated using Bessel functions for the natural masses and electric charges of fermions, with mass quantisation correct to 2-4 significant figures. Apart from the mass of the electron there are no free parameters used in the theory which is essentially geometric. Matter is generated in a "chronoverse" containing eight orthogonal time-like directions, three describe the non-neutrino leptons residing on the surface of a unit radius "chronosphere", and encode mass, gravity, charge and an electroweak force. The fourth dimension governs the strong force and defines the quarks. Photons and neutrinos involve an 8D chronoverse. Each "chronotype" of particle is the same matter, differing only in chronosphere coordinates, possibly representing background-independent, intrinsic timelike quantum signatures. The gravitational behaviour of matter is attributed to a preon-like quarkconstituent of mass 0.5766 MeV. The Planck fine structure constant is calculated and evidences the tritoelectron and tritopreon. Quarks have a substructure of constituent preons each consisting of three tritopreons creating a superposition of a greater number of virtual preons. The Model embodies a descriptive unification of the 4 forces in an overall 11-D spacetime. The continuing creation of matter proceeds from tritopreons via compound bosons dubbed Careyons and is statistically-controlled. The mass creation model is supported by correct prediction of the primordial H:helium-4 ratio.
Title: Part II of New Basic Theory of Gravity
This paper follows the earlier paper Part I: Veringa, H.J. (September 2016), New Basic Theory of Gravity, Journal of Modern Physics 7 (1818-1828) in which a new model to describe the gravitational interaction between particles and its consequences on the attractive force between two masses is proposed. The basis for the analysis is a merger of Quantum theory and Relativity. Nowhere in the analysis there is any need to deviate from well proven and successful concepts of both theories and rules of calculation, and no exotic new particles will have to be introduced. By doing so it is demonstrated that, next to its local interactions of a multi-particle system, the Schrödinger equation leads to pairs of two and only two members. This solution is used as the invariant term in the quantized Einstein energy equation which gives gravitational interactions between members of the pairs. With this particular solution for the quantum-mechanical wave function it is found that gravity is a second order effect operating over a long range. The emphasis of this paper is on the more precise justification of some of the basic assumptions made, on the historical context into which it should be placed, how it affects the ordering of our immediate environment and works on a cosmological scale. It is also found that the generator of gravity is contributing mass to particles that have gravitational interaction. This contribution is therefore related to cosmological parameters and will be further elucidated. 1. Introduction This paper elaborates on the analyses made in an earlier publication published in September 2016 [1]. It was shown that the Schrödinger equation in free space and outside the influences of local interactions has a special solution for the wave equation of an ensemble of two particles. The two participants, or members, of this ensemble are shown to be connected into a pair which has to be seen as a pair potential, or a " generator " creating a sub-space, that manifests itself in the surroundings. Essential for this analysis is the assumed spherical symmetry. This pair potential is interpreted as the relativistically invariant mass density for a field to be described by the quantized Einstein equation known as the " Klein Gordon " (KG) equation. Quantization means that in the energy equation, as in this case the Einstein energy equation, the parameters like energy, momentum and the pair potential are replaced by their corresponding operators and are working on a wave function. This KG equation is then solved for an undefined number of pairs and it is found that a simple solution is possible which leads to an energy dedicated to the field for which the pair is responsible. It is most surprising that this solution, together with the appropriate boundary condition, gives precisely the right dependences for the gravity law as it has been discovered by Newton a few centuries ago. The previous letter addresses the basic aspects, but some of the arguments can be expounded on and be put into a context of general insights into the micro-, as well as the macro cosmos. Then, later, some interesting clarifying analogies with daily life are offered. The analysis strongly connects with the famous debates between the founding fathers of Quantum theory and Relativity. Appreciation of these controversies shows that these historical, counter-intuitive, but at that time revolutionary, insights are all-important for the present development of the basic theory of gravity. When referring to formulas in the previous paper, Part I, the equations are indicated by (I.N).
Research Gate, 2022
This paper proposes a simple hypothesis on a plausible internal structure of all the elementary particles with non-zero rest masses, a hypothesis based on gravitational and electromagnetic standing waves (similar to string theory) that may offer plenty of explanations on: (1) the shape of spacetime at very low length-scales; (2) a general mechanism (and formula) for the generation of non-zero rest mass (nzrm) and electromagnetic charge (plus an explanation of Einstein’s equivalence principle between inertial mass and gravitational mass); (3) a more profound equivalence principle between nzrm and spacetime micro-curvature. This paper continues (from an alternative angle of view) the work of other past articles/preprints of the same author in physics (cited in anti-chronological order, from the latest to the oldest) and mathematics. #DONATIONS. Anyone can donate for dr. Dragoi’s independent research and original music at: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted\_button\_id=AQYGGDVDR7KH2
To be pubblished, 2024
This article synthesizes insights from two seminal works: Einstein's 1935 paper, "The Particle Problem in the General Theory of Relativity," and Higgs' 1964 paper that introduced the Higgs boson. Einstein's work, a notable attempt to develop a Unified Theory or a "Theory of Everything", introduced the concept of wormholes but failed to unify all forces because it exclude nuclear forces. Critics suggested Einstein might have been senile towards the end of his life, as he dismissed the necessity of nuclear forces. In contrast, Higgs' work completed the Standard Model of particles by assigning mass to particles through the Higgs boson, although it did not enable the calculation of particle masses or fundamental physical laws. In 1966, Isaac Asimov proposed a model of the universe shaped like a four-leaf clover with four parallel universes, which Dr. Ulianov expanded in 2007, naming the spaces and associating elastic holes with time and space walls, calling them Ulianov Holes (Uholes). These expanded into Planck Ulianov Spheres (PUS), forming a network that behaves like a perfect Ulianov liquid (UPL) under Planck pressure and density. By 2024, Dr. Ulianov's comprehensive Ulianov Theory (UT) continued the Einstein-Rosen bridge concept with Ulianov Wormholes, integrating the high pressure generated by the Higgs field. UT bridges General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, and Newtonian Mechanics, using the Higgs boson to create a Higgs Ulianov Perfect Liquid (HUPL). This unified model allows for the deduction of classical physics, GR, and QM equations, and also resolves classical physics problems and enigmas, potentially forming a new path that can lead to the Theory of Everything. Criticisms of excluding nuclear forces in the Einstein-Rosen bridge model are addressed by demonstrating that SGCF (Strong Gravitational Contact Forces) emerge when proton and neutron masses come into direct contact, offering a more complete atomic nucleus model and vindicating Einstein's view on the redundancy of nuclear forces.
Theory for elementary particles, dark matter, dark energy, and galaxies
We show theory that spans tiny and vast aspects of physics. We suggest descriptions for new elementary particles, dark matter, and dark energy. We use those descriptions to explain data regarding dark matter effects, dark energy effects, and galaxy formation. Our mathematics-based modeling, descriptions, and explanations embrace and augment standard physics theory and modeling. One basis for our modeling is an extension to mathematics for harmonic oscillators.