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Papers by Devinder Dhiman

Physics Essays

Super unified theories unifying the four fundamental forces require very high temperatures, which... more Super unified theories unifying the four fundamental forces require very high temperatures, which are possible only within 10 − 34 second after Big Bang. This article aims to unite the fundamental forces of nature under normal conditions of atmosphere. Well-established relation of general theory of relativity, between mass and space-time, is explored from fundamental level to design a model of the creation of matter particles from space-time. During this process, a stress gets generated in the surrounding space-time fabric. The relation of this stress with the matter created is examined. The stress developed in the space-fabric surrounding the created matter is found generating electromagnetic, nuclear, and gravitational forces. Changes in the space-time fabric are found related to the mass and charge of the sub-atomic particles. The research to unite gravitational force with other fundamental forces has been a subject of continuous research for nearly a century. This article not on...

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Background/Objective: The great scientist of 20th century, Albert Einstein, through his Theory of... more Background/Objective: The great scientist of 20th century, Albert Einstein, through his Theory of Relativity, related time with space as a fourth dimension and introduced time dilation. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the absolute nature of time. Method: The technique used is division of the space-time fabric into individual components of spacefabric and time and evaluating the effect of motion of a rigid body through the space-fabric. The effect is then assimilated in speed of light to establish the speed of light through the space-fabric while keeping the time invariable. Finding: It is found that the belief of variable time in the Theory of Relativity has its roots in variation of the speed of light due to the alteration of the space-fabric, when either a rigid body moves through it or there is a change of gravity. When this variation of the speed of light is incorporated in the proofs of the Theory of Relativity, such as the measurement of time dilation in the Hafele and Keating experiment, The Precession of the Perihelion of Mercury, The Bending of Starlight by the Sun and the measurement of time dilation by radio signals in traveling from Earth to Mars and back, it is found that they do not require variable time. This finding brings into the open the hidden factors which are instrumental in the adoption of time dilation. Application/Improvement: This finding has the potential to make the Theory of Relativity straightforward by eliminating the time paradox and further research on the space-fabric can help in understanding the source of gravity.

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016

We present SAWT, a web-based tool for the annotation of token sequences with an arbitrary set of ... more We present SAWT, a web-based tool for the annotation of token sequences with an arbitrary set of labels. The key property of the tool is simplicity and ease of use for both annotators and administrators. SAWT runs in any modern browser, including browsers on mobile devices, and only has minimal server-side requirements.

Physics Essays, 2020

Super unified theories unifying the four fundamental forces require very high temperatures, which... more Super unified theories unifying the four fundamental forces require very high temperatures, which are possible only within a fraction of first second after Big Bang. This article aims to unite the fundamental forces of nature under normal conditions of atmosphere. Well-established relation of general theory of relativity, between mass and space-time, is explored from fundamental level to design a model of the creation of matter particles from space-time. During this process, a stress gets generated in the surrounding space-time fabric. The relation of this stress with the matter created is examined. The stress developed in the space-fabric surrounding the created matter is found generating electromagnetic, nuclear, and gravitational forces. Changes in the space-time fabric are found related to the mass and charge of the sub-atomic particles. The research to unite gravitational force with other fundamental forces has been a subject of continuous research for nearly a century. This article not only provides the unification of fundamental forces of nature under normal atmospheric conditions but also elucidates the process of creation of matter particles from space itself.

IndianJournal of Science and Technology, 2016

Background/Objective: To demonstrate that the formula for Energy distribution of radiation emitte... more Background/Objective: To demonstrate that the formula for Energy distribution of radiation emitted from the cavity
of a black-body, derived by German physicist Max Planck in the year 1900, has an alternative explanation independent of
probability. Method: Energy released by radiations emitted from the cavity of a black-body, is compared with the energy
released from an incandescent electric bulb. Electrical energy added to the bulb is envisaged to transform into energy-sphere
that breaks-up into small packets of energy akin to radioactive decay of matter, and generates electromagnetic radiations
causing brightness. Finding: Conjoining the quantization of energy and the technique of radioactive decay, a formula is
derived for the brilliance of the incandescent bulb. The formula, thus derived, is found to be identical to the formula derived
by Max Planck. This finding leads us to a unique outcome that the assumption of oscillators inside the cavity of black-body
is not a requisite for deriving the formula as suggested by Max Planck, and believed till date. Elimination of oscillators also
makes Boltzmann’s statistical method, which was utilized by Max Planck in his derivation, irrelevant to the formula, thereby
making it independent of probability. Use of probability in physics leads to uncertainties and weirdness which is evident
in quantum physics. This technique eliminates the probability from this basic formula of quantum physics and introduces
a distinctive mode of generation of electromagnetic radiations from energy-spheres. Application/Improvements: This
technique can further be explored and applied in ascertaining the behavior of electrons and other sub-atomic particles
without the usage of probability.

Indian Journal of Science and Technology , 2017

Background/Objective: The great scientist of 20th century, Albert Einstein, through his Theory of... more Background/Objective: The great scientist of 20th century, Albert Einstein, through his Theory of Relativity, related time
with space as a fourth dimension and introduced time dilation. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the absolute
nature of time. Method: The technique used is division of the space-time fabric into individual components of spacefabric
and time and evaluating the effect of motion of a rigid body through the space-fabric. The effect is then assimilated
in speed of light to establish the speed of light through the space-fabric while keeping the time invariable. Finding: It is
found that the belief of variable time in the Theory of Relativity has its roots in variation of the speed of light due to the
alteration of the space-fabric, when either a rigid body moves through it or there is a change of gravity. When this variation
of the speed of light is incorporated in the proofs of the Theory of Relativity, such as the measurement of time dilation in
the Hafele and Keating experiment, The Precession of the Perihelion of Mercury, The Bending of Starlight by the Sun and
the measurement of time dilation by radio signals in traveling from Earth to Mars and back, it is found that they do not
require variable time. This finding brings into the open the hidden factors which are instrumental in the adoption of time
dilation. Application/Improvement: This finding has the potential to make the Theory of Relativity straightforward by
eliminating the time paradox and further research on the space-fabric can help in understanding the source of gravity.

Physics Essays

Super unified theories unifying the four fundamental forces require very high temperatures, which... more Super unified theories unifying the four fundamental forces require very high temperatures, which are possible only within 10 − 34 second after Big Bang. This article aims to unite the fundamental forces of nature under normal conditions of atmosphere. Well-established relation of general theory of relativity, between mass and space-time, is explored from fundamental level to design a model of the creation of matter particles from space-time. During this process, a stress gets generated in the surrounding space-time fabric. The relation of this stress with the matter created is examined. The stress developed in the space-fabric surrounding the created matter is found generating electromagnetic, nuclear, and gravitational forces. Changes in the space-time fabric are found related to the mass and charge of the sub-atomic particles. The research to unite gravitational force with other fundamental forces has been a subject of continuous research for nearly a century. This article not on...

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Background/Objective: The great scientist of 20th century, Albert Einstein, through his Theory of... more Background/Objective: The great scientist of 20th century, Albert Einstein, through his Theory of Relativity, related time with space as a fourth dimension and introduced time dilation. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the absolute nature of time. Method: The technique used is division of the space-time fabric into individual components of spacefabric and time and evaluating the effect of motion of a rigid body through the space-fabric. The effect is then assimilated in speed of light to establish the speed of light through the space-fabric while keeping the time invariable. Finding: It is found that the belief of variable time in the Theory of Relativity has its roots in variation of the speed of light due to the alteration of the space-fabric, when either a rigid body moves through it or there is a change of gravity. When this variation of the speed of light is incorporated in the proofs of the Theory of Relativity, such as the measurement of time dilation in the Hafele and Keating experiment, The Precession of the Perihelion of Mercury, The Bending of Starlight by the Sun and the measurement of time dilation by radio signals in traveling from Earth to Mars and back, it is found that they do not require variable time. This finding brings into the open the hidden factors which are instrumental in the adoption of time dilation. Application/Improvement: This finding has the potential to make the Theory of Relativity straightforward by eliminating the time paradox and further research on the space-fabric can help in understanding the source of gravity.

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016

We present SAWT, a web-based tool for the annotation of token sequences with an arbitrary set of ... more We present SAWT, a web-based tool for the annotation of token sequences with an arbitrary set of labels. The key property of the tool is simplicity and ease of use for both annotators and administrators. SAWT runs in any modern browser, including browsers on mobile devices, and only has minimal server-side requirements.

Physics Essays, 2020

Super unified theories unifying the four fundamental forces require very high temperatures, which... more Super unified theories unifying the four fundamental forces require very high temperatures, which are possible only within a fraction of first second after Big Bang. This article aims to unite the fundamental forces of nature under normal conditions of atmosphere. Well-established relation of general theory of relativity, between mass and space-time, is explored from fundamental level to design a model of the creation of matter particles from space-time. During this process, a stress gets generated in the surrounding space-time fabric. The relation of this stress with the matter created is examined. The stress developed in the space-fabric surrounding the created matter is found generating electromagnetic, nuclear, and gravitational forces. Changes in the space-time fabric are found related to the mass and charge of the sub-atomic particles. The research to unite gravitational force with other fundamental forces has been a subject of continuous research for nearly a century. This article not only provides the unification of fundamental forces of nature under normal atmospheric conditions but also elucidates the process of creation of matter particles from space itself.

IndianJournal of Science and Technology, 2016

Background/Objective: To demonstrate that the formula for Energy distribution of radiation emitte... more Background/Objective: To demonstrate that the formula for Energy distribution of radiation emitted from the cavity
of a black-body, derived by German physicist Max Planck in the year 1900, has an alternative explanation independent of
probability. Method: Energy released by radiations emitted from the cavity of a black-body, is compared with the energy
released from an incandescent electric bulb. Electrical energy added to the bulb is envisaged to transform into energy-sphere
that breaks-up into small packets of energy akin to radioactive decay of matter, and generates electromagnetic radiations
causing brightness. Finding: Conjoining the quantization of energy and the technique of radioactive decay, a formula is
derived for the brilliance of the incandescent bulb. The formula, thus derived, is found to be identical to the formula derived
by Max Planck. This finding leads us to a unique outcome that the assumption of oscillators inside the cavity of black-body
is not a requisite for deriving the formula as suggested by Max Planck, and believed till date. Elimination of oscillators also
makes Boltzmann’s statistical method, which was utilized by Max Planck in his derivation, irrelevant to the formula, thereby
making it independent of probability. Use of probability in physics leads to uncertainties and weirdness which is evident
in quantum physics. This technique eliminates the probability from this basic formula of quantum physics and introduces
a distinctive mode of generation of electromagnetic radiations from energy-spheres. Application/Improvements: This
technique can further be explored and applied in ascertaining the behavior of electrons and other sub-atomic particles
without the usage of probability.

Indian Journal of Science and Technology , 2017

Background/Objective: The great scientist of 20th century, Albert Einstein, through his Theory of... more Background/Objective: The great scientist of 20th century, Albert Einstein, through his Theory of Relativity, related time
with space as a fourth dimension and introduced time dilation. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the absolute
nature of time. Method: The technique used is division of the space-time fabric into individual components of spacefabric
and time and evaluating the effect of motion of a rigid body through the space-fabric. The effect is then assimilated
in speed of light to establish the speed of light through the space-fabric while keeping the time invariable. Finding: It is
found that the belief of variable time in the Theory of Relativity has its roots in variation of the speed of light due to the
alteration of the space-fabric, when either a rigid body moves through it or there is a change of gravity. When this variation
of the speed of light is incorporated in the proofs of the Theory of Relativity, such as the measurement of time dilation in
the Hafele and Keating experiment, The Precession of the Perihelion of Mercury, The Bending of Starlight by the Sun and
the measurement of time dilation by radio signals in traveling from Earth to Mars and back, it is found that they do not
require variable time. This finding brings into the open the hidden factors which are instrumental in the adoption of time
dilation. Application/Improvement: This finding has the potential to make the Theory of Relativity straightforward by
eliminating the time paradox and further research on the space-fabric can help in understanding the source of gravity.