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Papers by Diwakar Mishra

Cadmium is an important metal for modern industrial processes and, being biologically non-essenti... more Cadmium is an important metal for modern industrial processes and, being biologically non-essential, poses health hazards to the organisms. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of cadmium exposure on the histo-cytology of prolactin cells in the freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes (H.) fossilis. Fish were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50 ) and 72 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC 50 ) of cadmium chloride for short-term and long-term, respectively. After sacrificing the fish, the blood was collected on 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment and analyzed for plasma calcium levels. Also, pituitary glands were fixed on these intervals. The plasma calcium levels of short-term cadmium exposed fish remain unchanged after 24 h. The levels exhibit a progressive decrease from 48 h onwards. The fish exposed to cadmium for 7 days exhibit a decrease in the plasma calcium level. Thereafter, the levels progressively decrease till the end of the...

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2009

Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were subjected to deltamethrin for short-term (96 h; 1.49 mg L ... more Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were subjected to deltamethrin for short-term (96 h; 1.49 mg L À1) and long-term (28 days; 0.37 mg L À1) durations. The effects of deltamethrin exposure were evaluated on the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) of the fish, as it has been reported recently that stanniocalcin homologs are present in fish as well as in tetrapods, including human beings. Moreover, in addition to their role in mineral homeostasis, stanniocalcin proteins also play a significant role in metabolism, reproduction, and development. Serum calcium levels of deltamethrin-treated fish decreased from 48 to 96 h in the short-term, and from day 7 to day 28 in the long-term experiment. The aldehyde fuchsin-positive (AFpositive) cells of CS of deltamethrin-treated fish exhibited increased granules after 72 and 96 h. No change was noticed in the nuclear volume of AF-positive cells. The AF-negative cells of CS depicted an increased nuclear volume after 96 h of deltamethrin treatment. The AF-positive cells of CS of long-term deltamethrintreated fish exhibited increased granulation after 21 and 28 days. The nuclear volume of these cells depicted a progressive decrease from 14 days until the end of the experiment. The nuclear volume of AF-negative cells exhibited an increase at 21 and 28 days.

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The ultimobranchial gland in vertebrates is derived from the pharyngeal pouch epithelium during d... more The ultimobranchial gland in vertebrates is derived from the pharyngeal pouch epithelium during development and secretes calcitonin (CT). The gland is either separately located (non-mammalian vertebrates) or embedded in the thyroid (mammals). It is noteworthy that CT-like substances have also been found in invertebrates, as well as in the brain, liver, gut, thymus, and other tissues in vertebrates

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology, 2017

Background: This study investigated the effects of estradiol on plasma calcium and prolactin cell... more Background: This study investigated the effects of estradiol on plasma calcium and prolactin cells of Heteropneustes fossilis kept in calcium-deficient and normal freshwater. Methods: Fish were deprived of food and divided into groups AD. Group A and B were kept in artificial freshwater with normal electrolytes. Group C and D were maintained in calcium-deficient freshwater. Vehicle was administered to groups A and C. Groups B and D were injected with estradiol. Plasma calcium levels and prolactin cells were studied after 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days. Results: Normal-calcium freshwater: In group A calcium levels remained unaffected. In group B, estradiol provoked hypercalcemia from day 3 to 10 although calcium decreased after day 15. Prolactin cells in group B became degranulated after 10day. Nuclear volume increased from day 10 onwards. Calcium-deficient freshwater: Calcium levels in group C decreased from day 1 to 3 thereafter increased from day 5 to 15. Plasma calcium of group D increased from day 3 to 15. In group C prolactin cells exhibited hyperactivity on day 3 and degranulation on day 5. Nuclear volume increased from day 5 onwards. On day 10 and 15 certain cells became degenerated. In group D degranulation of prolactin cells began on day 3 which proceeded to complete degranulation on day 10. Nuclear volume increased from day 5 onwards. Conclusions: Estradiol enhanced prolactin production and increased blood calcium in fooddeprived fishes kept in calcium-deficient medium suggesting that calcium needed for elevation of blood calcium was derived from internal sources.

Freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50) and 72 mg/... more Freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50) and 72 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC 50) of cadmium chloride for short-term and long-term experiments, respectively. After sacrificing the fish, the blood was collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h (short-term) or after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days (long-term) and analysed for plasma calcium levels. At each time interval, the corpuscles of Stannius were fixed. In the short-term experiment, a decrease in the plasma calcium levels was recorded at 48 h, persisting until the end of the experiment (96 h). In the long-term experiment, cadmium exposure provoked a decrease in plasma calcium after 7 days, progressively decreasing until the end of the experiment (28 days). There was no change in the histological structure of corpuscles of Stannius of the fish exposed to cadmium after 48 h, but after 72 and 96 h, the AF-positive cells of the corpuscles of Stannius exhibited increased granulation, but no change in nuclear volume. The AF-negative cells of the corpuscles of Stannius also showed no change in nuclear volume. The corpuscles of Stannius were unaffected up to 7 days following exposure. After 14 days, the nuclear volume of AF-positive cells decreased. Following 21 days exposure the AF-positive cells possessed increased granulation, and the nuclear volume decreased further. After 28 days these changes were exaggerated and a few degenerating cells were encountered. Up to 14 days following cadmium exposure the AF-negative cells of corpuscles of Stannius exhibited no change, but later these cells increased in nuclear volume.

Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health

ABSTRACT

Background: The present study investigated the effects of lead nitrate on the histo-cytological c... more Background: The present study investigated the effects of lead nitrate on the histo-cytological changes in the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) of Heteropneustes fossilis. Methods: Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 657.6 mg/L and 164.4 mg/L of lead nitrate for 96 h and 28 days, respectively. Blood from fish was collected on 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment. Blood was collected for analysis of calcium levels and CS were fixed for histological studies. Results: Plasma calcium levels of the fish remain unaffected at 24 h. The levels decrease after 48 h which persists till 96 h. Plasma calcium levels of the fish exposed to lead for 7 days exhibit a decrease which persists progressively till 28 days. After 96 h, AF-positive cells of CS exhibit increased granulation. No change in the nuclear volume of these cells has been noticed. An increased nuclear volume has been recorded in the AF-negative cells of CS of 96 h lead ...

The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 2013

The present study investigated the effects of lead nitrate on the histo-cytological changes in pr... more The present study investigated the effects of lead nitrate on the histo-cytological changes in prolactin cells of Heteropneustes fossilis. Catfish were subjected to 657.6 and 164.4 mg/L of lead nitrate for 96 h and 28 days, respectively. Blood from fish was collected on 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in the short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in the long-term experiments. Blood was collected for analysis of calcium levels and pituitaries were fixed for histological studies. After short-term lead exposure, plasma calcium levels of fish remain unaffected at 24 h. The levels exhibit a decrease after 48 h which persists till end of the experiment (96 h). Plasma calcium levels of fish exposed to lead for 7 days exhibit a decrease. This decrease persists progressively till the end of the experiment (28 days). Prolactin cells of the fish exposed to lead remain unaltered throughout the short-term experiment. Whereas in chronically exposed fish the prolactin cells remain unaffected till day 7. Nuclear volume of these cells exhibits an increase and cells are noticed degranulating after 14 days of lead treatment. These changes are more pronounced 21 days onward. Also, after 28 days degeneration among prolactin cells is observed.

International Aquatic Research, 2013

The freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, was subjected to 657.6 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC50) a... more The freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, was subjected to 657.6 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC50) and 164.4 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC50) of lead nitrate for short-term and longterm experiment, respectively. Blood from fish was collected on 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in short term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment. Plasma calcium and phosphate levels were determined at these intervals. After short-term lead exposure, the plasma calcium levels of the fish remained unaffected at 24 h. The levels exhibited a decrease after 48 h which persisted until the end of the experiment (96 h). Following 48 h of lead exposure to the fish, the plasma phosphate levels remained unchanged. The values exhibited a progressive decrease from 72 h onwards. The plasma calcium levels of the fish exposed to lead for 7 days exhibited a decrease. This decrease persisted progressively until the end of the experiment (28 days). The plasma phosphate levels of lead-exposed fish remained unaffected until day 14. The levels decreased progressively from 21 days onwards.

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2011

In this study, an experiment was performed on Heteropneustes fossilis for short-term (1.76 mg/L c... more In this study, an experiment was performed on Heteropneustes fossilis for short-term (1.76 mg/L chlorpyrifos, i.e., 0.8 of 96-h LC50) and long-term (0.44 mg/L chlorpyrifos, i.e., 0.2 of 96-h LC50) exposure. The fish were sacrificed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in the short-term experiment and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in the long-term experiment. On these intervals, blood was collected and analysis of serum calcium was done. Ultimobranchial glands were also fixed for histological study. The serum calcium levels of H. fossilis exhibit a decline after 24 h following exposure to chlorpyrifos. This decrease continues until the end of the experiment (96 h). The serum calcium levels of chronically exposed fish exhibit a decrease on day 7. Thereafter, the levels continue to fall progressively until the end of the experiment (28 days). The ultimobranchial gland of chlorpyrifos treated fish exhibits no histological change up to 48 h. After 72 h, there is a decrease in the staining response of cytoplasm of the ultimobranchial cells. The nuclear volume of these cells is slightly decreased. After 96 h following chlorpyrifos exposure, these changes become exaggerated. In chlorpyrifos-treated fish there is no change in the histological structure of the ultimobranchial gland up to 14 days. After 21 days, the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells stain feebly and the nuclear volume of these cells exhibits a decrease. Following 28 days treatment, the nuclear volume of these cells records a further decrease and the gland depicts vacuolization and degeneration at certain areas.

Zoologica Poloniae, 2008

Garden lizards Calotes versicolor were procured and given daily intraperitoneal injections of 30 ... more Garden lizards Calotes versicolor were procured and given daily intraperitoneal injections of 30 pmol of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 /50 g body wt for 30 days. Lizards were sacrificed on the 1 st , 3 rd , 5 th , 10 th , 15 th and 30 th day of the experiment. The plasma calcium levels of C. versicolor remain unaffected after day 1 following 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment. After day 3 the levels increase significantly which progresses up to day 10. Thereafter, the plasma calcium level tends to decrease on day 15 and the levels become normal at day 30. In 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 injected lizards the plasma inorganic phosphate levels remain unaltered up to day 3. After day 5, the value increases significantly. This increase progresses up to day 15. On day 30, the levels become almost normal. The ultimobranchial gland exhibits hyperactivity following 5 day 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment which is expressed by an increase in the nuclear volume and weak staining response of the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells. After day 10, the nuclear volume is further increased and some of the cells are exhausted. Following 15 days 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment the nuclear volume records an increase and many degenerating cells are discerned. After day 30, the nuclear volume is almost normal, most cells seem to be recovered and only a few degenerating cells are noticed. After day 10 and day 15 following 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment, the parathyroid glands of C. versicolor show reduced chromaticity of nuclei and a progressive decrease in the nuclear volume of parathyroidal cells. On day 30, the nuclear volume tends to become normal and a few degenerating cells are observed.

Zoologica Poloniae, 2008

1,25(OH)2D3Induced Alterations in Plasma Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate, Ultimobranhial Gland and P... more 1,25(OH)2D3Induced Alterations in Plasma Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate, Ultimobranhial Gland and Parathyroid Gland of the Garden Lizard,Calotes VersicolorGarden lizardsCalotes versicolorwere procured and given daily intraperitoneal injections of 30 pmol of 1,25(OH)2D3/50 g body wt for 30 days. Lizards were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15thand 30thday of the experiment. The plasma calcium levels ofC. versicolorremain unaffected after day 1 following 1,25(OH)2D3treatment. After day 3 the levels increase significantly which progresses up to day 10. Thereafter, the plasma calcium level tends to decrease on day 15 and the levels become normal at day 30. In 1,25(OH)2D3injected lizards the plasma inorganic phosphate levels remain unaltered up to day 3. After day 5, the value increases significantly. This increase progresses up to day 15. On day 30, the levels become almost normal. The ultimobranchial gland exhibits hyperactivity following 5 day 1,25(OH)2D3treatment which is expres...

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2011

The effects of Euphorbia tirucalli latex on blood calcium and phosphate of Heteropneustes fossili... more The effects of Euphorbia tirucalli latex on blood calcium and phosphate of Heteropneustes fossilis was investigated in this study. The fish were subjected to 0.8 of 96-h LC50 value of E. tirucalli latex (1.05 μLLÀ1) for 96-h in a short-term experiment and 0.2 of 96-h LC50 value (0.263 ...

Environmental Toxicology, 2009

Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50) and 72 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h L... more Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50) and 72 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC 50) of cadmium chloride for short-term and long-term experiments, respectively. After sacrificing the fish, the blood was collected on 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in longterm experiment and analyzed for plasma calcium levels. Also, ultimobranchial glands were fixed on these intervals. The plasma calcium levels of short-term cadmium-exposed fish remain unchanged after 24 h. The levels exhibit a progressive decrease from 48 h onwards. The fish exposed to cadmium for 7 days exhibit a decrease in the plasma calcium level. Thereafter, the levels progressively decrease till the end of the experiment (28 days). Up to 72 h exposure of the fish to cadmium, the ultimobranchial gland exhibits no histological change. After 96 h, a decrease in the staining response of the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells has been noticed. The nuclear volume of these cells records a slight decrease. Up to 14 days of cadmium exposure, there is no change in the histological structure of ultimobranchial gland. After 21 days following the exposure, the ultimobranchial cells exhibit a slight decrease in the staining response of the cytoplasm and the nuclear volume of these cells records a decrease. Following 28 days cadmium exposure the nuclear volume exhibits a further decrease, and degeneration and vacuolization sets in.

North-Western Journal …, 2010

Abstract. Fresh water fish, Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 5.76 μg/L (0.8 of 96 h 50% ... more Abstract. Fresh water fish, Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 5.76 μg/L (0.8 of 96 h 50% lethal concentration, LC50) and 1.44 μg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC50) solution of cypermethrin for short-term (96 h) and long-term (28 days), respectively. After short-term cypermethrin ...

Acta Toxicol. …, 2010

Key words: Fish; Euphorbia royleana; Toxicity; LC50 ... Resumen: TOXICIDAD AGUDA DEL LÁTEX DE Eup... more Key words: Fish; Euphorbia royleana; Toxicity; LC50 ... Resumen: TOXICIDAD AGUDA DEL LÁTEX DE Euphorbia royleana Boiss (Euphorbiaceae) EN EL BAGRE DE AGUA DUL-CE, Heteropneutes fossilis (Siluriformes, Heteropneustidae). ManiRam Prasad; Abhishek Kumar, Diwakar ...

ijpbs.net

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ... ACUTE TOXICITY AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES OF ... more International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ... ACUTE TOXICITY AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES OF HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS TO AN ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE, DIMETHOATE ... † , SHILPEE SHRIVASTAVA**, SUNIL KUMAR ...

Static renewal evaluation of the acute toxicity of Cadmium Chloride against the freshwater fish H... more Static renewal evaluation of the acute toxicity of Cadmium Chloride against the freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis was conducted in the laboratory. The 96h LC 50 was in the low mg/l range (by international protocols). Probit-log analysis was used to determine the LC 50 values at different exposure periods. The upper and lower confidence limits and slope functions were calculated. The LC 50 values for Cadmium Chloride at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h are 620.34, 414.59, 384.88 and 360.50 mg/l, respectively. The upper confidence limits were 645.59, 433.27, 394.72 and 380.32 mg/l for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and lower confidence limits were 595.33, 395.87, 374.34 and 337.55 mg/l, respectively. Keywords/phrases: Bioassay, Cadmium, Catfish, Heavy metal, Toxicity Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci ., 7(2): 185-191, 2008

Cadmium is an important metal for modern industrial processes and, being biologically non-essenti... more Cadmium is an important metal for modern industrial processes and, being biologically non-essential, poses health hazards to the organisms. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of cadmium exposure on the histo-cytology of prolactin cells in the freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes (H.) fossilis. Fish were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50 ) and 72 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC 50 ) of cadmium chloride for short-term and long-term, respectively. After sacrificing the fish, the blood was collected on 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment and analyzed for plasma calcium levels. Also, pituitary glands were fixed on these intervals. The plasma calcium levels of short-term cadmium exposed fish remain unchanged after 24 h. The levels exhibit a progressive decrease from 48 h onwards. The fish exposed to cadmium for 7 days exhibit a decrease in the plasma calcium level. Thereafter, the levels progressively decrease till the end of the...

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2009

Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were subjected to deltamethrin for short-term (96 h; 1.49 mg L ... more Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were subjected to deltamethrin for short-term (96 h; 1.49 mg L À1) and long-term (28 days; 0.37 mg L À1) durations. The effects of deltamethrin exposure were evaluated on the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) of the fish, as it has been reported recently that stanniocalcin homologs are present in fish as well as in tetrapods, including human beings. Moreover, in addition to their role in mineral homeostasis, stanniocalcin proteins also play a significant role in metabolism, reproduction, and development. Serum calcium levels of deltamethrin-treated fish decreased from 48 to 96 h in the short-term, and from day 7 to day 28 in the long-term experiment. The aldehyde fuchsin-positive (AFpositive) cells of CS of deltamethrin-treated fish exhibited increased granules after 72 and 96 h. No change was noticed in the nuclear volume of AF-positive cells. The AF-negative cells of CS depicted an increased nuclear volume after 96 h of deltamethrin treatment. The AF-positive cells of CS of long-term deltamethrintreated fish exhibited increased granulation after 21 and 28 days. The nuclear volume of these cells depicted a progressive decrease from 14 days until the end of the experiment. The nuclear volume of AF-negative cells exhibited an increase at 21 and 28 days.

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The ultimobranchial gland in vertebrates is derived from the pharyngeal pouch epithelium during d... more The ultimobranchial gland in vertebrates is derived from the pharyngeal pouch epithelium during development and secretes calcitonin (CT). The gland is either separately located (non-mammalian vertebrates) or embedded in the thyroid (mammals). It is noteworthy that CT-like substances have also been found in invertebrates, as well as in the brain, liver, gut, thymus, and other tissues in vertebrates

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology, 2017

Background: This study investigated the effects of estradiol on plasma calcium and prolactin cell... more Background: This study investigated the effects of estradiol on plasma calcium and prolactin cells of Heteropneustes fossilis kept in calcium-deficient and normal freshwater. Methods: Fish were deprived of food and divided into groups AD. Group A and B were kept in artificial freshwater with normal electrolytes. Group C and D were maintained in calcium-deficient freshwater. Vehicle was administered to groups A and C. Groups B and D were injected with estradiol. Plasma calcium levels and prolactin cells were studied after 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days. Results: Normal-calcium freshwater: In group A calcium levels remained unaffected. In group B, estradiol provoked hypercalcemia from day 3 to 10 although calcium decreased after day 15. Prolactin cells in group B became degranulated after 10day. Nuclear volume increased from day 10 onwards. Calcium-deficient freshwater: Calcium levels in group C decreased from day 1 to 3 thereafter increased from day 5 to 15. Plasma calcium of group D increased from day 3 to 15. In group C prolactin cells exhibited hyperactivity on day 3 and degranulation on day 5. Nuclear volume increased from day 5 onwards. On day 10 and 15 certain cells became degenerated. In group D degranulation of prolactin cells began on day 3 which proceeded to complete degranulation on day 10. Nuclear volume increased from day 5 onwards. Conclusions: Estradiol enhanced prolactin production and increased blood calcium in fooddeprived fishes kept in calcium-deficient medium suggesting that calcium needed for elevation of blood calcium was derived from internal sources.

Freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50) and 72 mg/... more Freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50) and 72 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC 50) of cadmium chloride for short-term and long-term experiments, respectively. After sacrificing the fish, the blood was collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h (short-term) or after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days (long-term) and analysed for plasma calcium levels. At each time interval, the corpuscles of Stannius were fixed. In the short-term experiment, a decrease in the plasma calcium levels was recorded at 48 h, persisting until the end of the experiment (96 h). In the long-term experiment, cadmium exposure provoked a decrease in plasma calcium after 7 days, progressively decreasing until the end of the experiment (28 days). There was no change in the histological structure of corpuscles of Stannius of the fish exposed to cadmium after 48 h, but after 72 and 96 h, the AF-positive cells of the corpuscles of Stannius exhibited increased granulation, but no change in nuclear volume. The AF-negative cells of the corpuscles of Stannius also showed no change in nuclear volume. The corpuscles of Stannius were unaffected up to 7 days following exposure. After 14 days, the nuclear volume of AF-positive cells decreased. Following 21 days exposure the AF-positive cells possessed increased granulation, and the nuclear volume decreased further. After 28 days these changes were exaggerated and a few degenerating cells were encountered. Up to 14 days following cadmium exposure the AF-negative cells of corpuscles of Stannius exhibited no change, but later these cells increased in nuclear volume.

Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health

ABSTRACT

Background: The present study investigated the effects of lead nitrate on the histo-cytological c... more Background: The present study investigated the effects of lead nitrate on the histo-cytological changes in the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) of Heteropneustes fossilis. Methods: Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 657.6 mg/L and 164.4 mg/L of lead nitrate for 96 h and 28 days, respectively. Blood from fish was collected on 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment. Blood was collected for analysis of calcium levels and CS were fixed for histological studies. Results: Plasma calcium levels of the fish remain unaffected at 24 h. The levels decrease after 48 h which persists till 96 h. Plasma calcium levels of the fish exposed to lead for 7 days exhibit a decrease which persists progressively till 28 days. After 96 h, AF-positive cells of CS exhibit increased granulation. No change in the nuclear volume of these cells has been noticed. An increased nuclear volume has been recorded in the AF-negative cells of CS of 96 h lead ...

The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 2013

The present study investigated the effects of lead nitrate on the histo-cytological changes in pr... more The present study investigated the effects of lead nitrate on the histo-cytological changes in prolactin cells of Heteropneustes fossilis. Catfish were subjected to 657.6 and 164.4 mg/L of lead nitrate for 96 h and 28 days, respectively. Blood from fish was collected on 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in the short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in the long-term experiments. Blood was collected for analysis of calcium levels and pituitaries were fixed for histological studies. After short-term lead exposure, plasma calcium levels of fish remain unaffected at 24 h. The levels exhibit a decrease after 48 h which persists till end of the experiment (96 h). Plasma calcium levels of fish exposed to lead for 7 days exhibit a decrease. This decrease persists progressively till the end of the experiment (28 days). Prolactin cells of the fish exposed to lead remain unaltered throughout the short-term experiment. Whereas in chronically exposed fish the prolactin cells remain unaffected till day 7. Nuclear volume of these cells exhibits an increase and cells are noticed degranulating after 14 days of lead treatment. These changes are more pronounced 21 days onward. Also, after 28 days degeneration among prolactin cells is observed.

International Aquatic Research, 2013

The freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, was subjected to 657.6 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC50) a... more The freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, was subjected to 657.6 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC50) and 164.4 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC50) of lead nitrate for short-term and longterm experiment, respectively. Blood from fish was collected on 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in short term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment. Plasma calcium and phosphate levels were determined at these intervals. After short-term lead exposure, the plasma calcium levels of the fish remained unaffected at 24 h. The levels exhibited a decrease after 48 h which persisted until the end of the experiment (96 h). Following 48 h of lead exposure to the fish, the plasma phosphate levels remained unchanged. The values exhibited a progressive decrease from 72 h onwards. The plasma calcium levels of the fish exposed to lead for 7 days exhibited a decrease. This decrease persisted progressively until the end of the experiment (28 days). The plasma phosphate levels of lead-exposed fish remained unaffected until day 14. The levels decreased progressively from 21 days onwards.

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2011

In this study, an experiment was performed on Heteropneustes fossilis for short-term (1.76 mg/L c... more In this study, an experiment was performed on Heteropneustes fossilis for short-term (1.76 mg/L chlorpyrifos, i.e., 0.8 of 96-h LC50) and long-term (0.44 mg/L chlorpyrifos, i.e., 0.2 of 96-h LC50) exposure. The fish were sacrificed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in the short-term experiment and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in the long-term experiment. On these intervals, blood was collected and analysis of serum calcium was done. Ultimobranchial glands were also fixed for histological study. The serum calcium levels of H. fossilis exhibit a decline after 24 h following exposure to chlorpyrifos. This decrease continues until the end of the experiment (96 h). The serum calcium levels of chronically exposed fish exhibit a decrease on day 7. Thereafter, the levels continue to fall progressively until the end of the experiment (28 days). The ultimobranchial gland of chlorpyrifos treated fish exhibits no histological change up to 48 h. After 72 h, there is a decrease in the staining response of cytoplasm of the ultimobranchial cells. The nuclear volume of these cells is slightly decreased. After 96 h following chlorpyrifos exposure, these changes become exaggerated. In chlorpyrifos-treated fish there is no change in the histological structure of the ultimobranchial gland up to 14 days. After 21 days, the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells stain feebly and the nuclear volume of these cells exhibits a decrease. Following 28 days treatment, the nuclear volume of these cells records a further decrease and the gland depicts vacuolization and degeneration at certain areas.

Zoologica Poloniae, 2008

Garden lizards Calotes versicolor were procured and given daily intraperitoneal injections of 30 ... more Garden lizards Calotes versicolor were procured and given daily intraperitoneal injections of 30 pmol of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 /50 g body wt for 30 days. Lizards were sacrificed on the 1 st , 3 rd , 5 th , 10 th , 15 th and 30 th day of the experiment. The plasma calcium levels of C. versicolor remain unaffected after day 1 following 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment. After day 3 the levels increase significantly which progresses up to day 10. Thereafter, the plasma calcium level tends to decrease on day 15 and the levels become normal at day 30. In 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 injected lizards the plasma inorganic phosphate levels remain unaltered up to day 3. After day 5, the value increases significantly. This increase progresses up to day 15. On day 30, the levels become almost normal. The ultimobranchial gland exhibits hyperactivity following 5 day 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment which is expressed by an increase in the nuclear volume and weak staining response of the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells. After day 10, the nuclear volume is further increased and some of the cells are exhausted. Following 15 days 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment the nuclear volume records an increase and many degenerating cells are discerned. After day 30, the nuclear volume is almost normal, most cells seem to be recovered and only a few degenerating cells are noticed. After day 10 and day 15 following 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment, the parathyroid glands of C. versicolor show reduced chromaticity of nuclei and a progressive decrease in the nuclear volume of parathyroidal cells. On day 30, the nuclear volume tends to become normal and a few degenerating cells are observed.

Zoologica Poloniae, 2008

1,25(OH)2D3Induced Alterations in Plasma Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate, Ultimobranhial Gland and P... more 1,25(OH)2D3Induced Alterations in Plasma Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate, Ultimobranhial Gland and Parathyroid Gland of the Garden Lizard,Calotes VersicolorGarden lizardsCalotes versicolorwere procured and given daily intraperitoneal injections of 30 pmol of 1,25(OH)2D3/50 g body wt for 30 days. Lizards were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15thand 30thday of the experiment. The plasma calcium levels ofC. versicolorremain unaffected after day 1 following 1,25(OH)2D3treatment. After day 3 the levels increase significantly which progresses up to day 10. Thereafter, the plasma calcium level tends to decrease on day 15 and the levels become normal at day 30. In 1,25(OH)2D3injected lizards the plasma inorganic phosphate levels remain unaltered up to day 3. After day 5, the value increases significantly. This increase progresses up to day 15. On day 30, the levels become almost normal. The ultimobranchial gland exhibits hyperactivity following 5 day 1,25(OH)2D3treatment which is expres...

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2011

The effects of Euphorbia tirucalli latex on blood calcium and phosphate of Heteropneustes fossili... more The effects of Euphorbia tirucalli latex on blood calcium and phosphate of Heteropneustes fossilis was investigated in this study. The fish were subjected to 0.8 of 96-h LC50 value of E. tirucalli latex (1.05 μLLÀ1) for 96-h in a short-term experiment and 0.2 of 96-h LC50 value (0.263 ...

Environmental Toxicology, 2009

Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50) and 72 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h L... more Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 288 mg/L (0.8 of 96 h LC 50) and 72 mg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC 50) of cadmium chloride for short-term and long-term experiments, respectively. After sacrificing the fish, the blood was collected on 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in longterm experiment and analyzed for plasma calcium levels. Also, ultimobranchial glands were fixed on these intervals. The plasma calcium levels of short-term cadmium-exposed fish remain unchanged after 24 h. The levels exhibit a progressive decrease from 48 h onwards. The fish exposed to cadmium for 7 days exhibit a decrease in the plasma calcium level. Thereafter, the levels progressively decrease till the end of the experiment (28 days). Up to 72 h exposure of the fish to cadmium, the ultimobranchial gland exhibits no histological change. After 96 h, a decrease in the staining response of the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells has been noticed. The nuclear volume of these cells records a slight decrease. Up to 14 days of cadmium exposure, there is no change in the histological structure of ultimobranchial gland. After 21 days following the exposure, the ultimobranchial cells exhibit a slight decrease in the staining response of the cytoplasm and the nuclear volume of these cells records a decrease. Following 28 days cadmium exposure the nuclear volume exhibits a further decrease, and degeneration and vacuolization sets in.

North-Western Journal …, 2010

Abstract. Fresh water fish, Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 5.76 μg/L (0.8 of 96 h 50% ... more Abstract. Fresh water fish, Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 5.76 μg/L (0.8 of 96 h 50% lethal concentration, LC50) and 1.44 μg/L (0.2 of 96 h LC50) solution of cypermethrin for short-term (96 h) and long-term (28 days), respectively. After short-term cypermethrin ...

Acta Toxicol. …, 2010

Key words: Fish; Euphorbia royleana; Toxicity; LC50 ... Resumen: TOXICIDAD AGUDA DEL LÁTEX DE Eup... more Key words: Fish; Euphorbia royleana; Toxicity; LC50 ... Resumen: TOXICIDAD AGUDA DEL LÁTEX DE Euphorbia royleana Boiss (Euphorbiaceae) EN EL BAGRE DE AGUA DUL-CE, Heteropneutes fossilis (Siluriformes, Heteropneustidae). ManiRam Prasad; Abhishek Kumar, Diwakar ...

ijpbs.net

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ... ACUTE TOXICITY AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES OF ... more International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ... ACUTE TOXICITY AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES OF HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS TO AN ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE, DIMETHOATE ... † , SHILPEE SHRIVASTAVA**, SUNIL KUMAR ...

Static renewal evaluation of the acute toxicity of Cadmium Chloride against the freshwater fish H... more Static renewal evaluation of the acute toxicity of Cadmium Chloride against the freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis was conducted in the laboratory. The 96h LC 50 was in the low mg/l range (by international protocols). Probit-log analysis was used to determine the LC 50 values at different exposure periods. The upper and lower confidence limits and slope functions were calculated. The LC 50 values for Cadmium Chloride at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h are 620.34, 414.59, 384.88 and 360.50 mg/l, respectively. The upper confidence limits were 645.59, 433.27, 394.72 and 380.32 mg/l for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and lower confidence limits were 595.33, 395.87, 374.34 and 337.55 mg/l, respectively. Keywords/phrases: Bioassay, Cadmium, Catfish, Heavy metal, Toxicity Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci ., 7(2): 185-191, 2008