Dr. Ali Akbar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Ali Akbar

Journal of Mathematics

The modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mZK) and the (2 + 1)-dimensional Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff ... more The modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mZK) and the (2 + 1)-dimensional Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff (CBS) models convey a significant role to instruct the internal structure of tangible composite phenomena in the domain of two-dimensional discrete electrical lattice, plasma physics, wave behaviors of deep oceans, nonlinear optics, etc. In this article, the dynamic, companionable, and further broad-spectrum exact solitary solitons are extracted to the formerly stated nonlinear models by the aid of the recently enhanced auxiliary equation method through the traveling wave transformation. The implication of the soliton solutions attained with arbitrary constants can be substantial to interpret the involuted phenomena. The established soliton solutions show that the approach is broad-spectrum, efficient, and algebraic computing friendly and it may be used to classify a variety of wave shapes. We analyze the achieved solitons by sketching figures for distinct values of the associated parame...

Nanomaterials

In this study, we demonstrate that a highly pH-sensitive substrate could be fabricated by control... more In this study, we demonstrate that a highly pH-sensitive substrate could be fabricated by controlling the type and defect density of graphene derivatives. Nanomaterials from single-layer graphene resembling a defect-free structure to few-layer graphene and graphene oxide with high defect density were used to demonstrate the pH-sensing mechanisms of graphene. We show the presence of three competing mechanisms of pH sensitivity, including the availability of functional groups, the electrochemical double layer, and the ion trapping that determines the overall pH response. The graphene surface was selectively functionalized with hydroxyl, amine, and carboxyl groups to understand the role and density of the graphene pH-sensitive functional groups. Later, we establish the development of highly pH-sensitive graphene oxide by controlling its defect density. This research opens a new avenue for integrating micro–nano-sized pH sensors based on graphene derivatives into next-generation sensing...

Muṭāli̒āt-i Mudīriyyat-i Ṣan̒atī, 2013

The earned value management is a powerful and important technique in analyzing and controlling th... more The earned value management is a powerful and important technique in analyzing and controlling the project performance. While it allows exact measurement of project progress, it lets corrective actions in a timely manner. In fact, the earned value allows project managers to find out any project time and cost deviations by calculating the performance indices. In this paper, to improve the applicability of the traditional earned value technique, we develop an integrated approach by combining statistical quality control charts with traditional earned value technique, to monitor and control project time and cost performances. The results applied to a real construction project compete favorly against traditional approaches

Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 2016

Introduction: The national nosocomial surveillance system has been newly developed in Iran; there... more Introduction: The national nosocomial surveillance system has been newly developed in Iran; therefore, it is necessary to investigate its different aspects in order to improve the quality of this system. Thus, the aim of this study was the explanation of the status of the nosocomial surveillance system in Iran. Method: This qualitative study was conducted through qualitative content analysis. The study participants were selected through purposeful sampling method. Data collection was carried out through 17 in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussions with relevant stakeholders. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. In order to assess the accuracy and validity of the study, validity, confidentiality, and confirmability criteria were evaluated. Results: Through the analysis of interviews, 9 main themes (planning and policy making, human resources, infection control committee, quality and quantity of resources, protocols, software, surveillance, coordination and education) and 42 subsidiary themes concerning the status of the national nosocomial surveillance system were extracted. According to the participants' opinions, the planning and algorithm of the program are acceptable. However, some issues exist in components such as applicability, priority, comprehensiveness of the definitions, attitude and behavior of the human resources, and ambiguity of the roles and responsibilities. Conclusion: This qualitative study showed that numerous factors influence the improvement of the nosocomial surveillance system. The interviews indicated that its design pattern is acceptable. Nevertheless, some of its components are not executed uniformly in all domestic hospitals.

Total number of 16 eggs from different farms and markets were collected to isolate the total aero... more Total number of 16 eggs from different farms and markets were collected to isolate the total aerobic microbial load and the pathogenic bacteria load on its shell and in contents. The aerobic bacteria 118 were isolated from the samples, out of which 116 from eggshells and 2 from egg contents of single egg sample. Gram’s positive bacteria (Staphylococcus) were found predominantly present on eggshell. The eggshells were also found contaminated with pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella and Escherichia coli). Whereas no Escherichia coli O157:H7 was found on eggshell and contents. Three eggshell samples from farm layers were found contaminated with E. coli. Two samples were found contaminated with Salmonella one each from farm and market. Four out of eight (50%) samples from farm layer were found contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, while only one out of eight (12.50%) from market was found contaminated with pathogens. Eggs from market were found less contaminated as compared to farm eggs.

Applied General Topology, 2020

In this paper, we study the class of simple dynamical systems on R induced by continuous maps hav... more In this paper, we study the class of simple dynamical systems on R induced by continuous maps having finitely many non-ordinary points. We characterize this class using labeled digraphs and dynamically independent sets. In fact, we classify dynamical systems up to their number of non-ordinary points. In particular, we discuss about the class of continuous maps having unique non-ordinary point, and the class of continuous maps having exactly two non-ordinary points.

$Research paper thumbnail of Solitary wave solutions to some nonlinear fractional evolution equations in mathematical physics$

Heliyon, 2020

The objective of this article is to construct new and further general analytical wave solutions t... more The objective of this article is to construct new and further general analytical wave solutions to some nonlinear evolution equations of fractional order in the sense of the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative relating to mathematical physics, namely, the space-time fractional Fokas equation, the time fractional nonlinear model equation and the space-time fractional (2 þ 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation by exerting a rather new mechanism ðG' =G; 1 =GÞ-expansion method. We use the fractional complex transformation and associate the fractional differential equations to the solvable integer order differential equations. A comprehensive class of new and broad-ranging exact traveling and solitary wave solutions are revealed in terms of trigonometric, rational and hyperbolic functions. The attained wave solutions are sketched graphically by using Mathematica and make a comparison to the results attained by the presented technique with other techniques in a comprehensive manner. It is notable that the method can be considered as a reduction of the reputed ðG' =GÞ-expansion method commenced by Wang et al. It is noticeable that, the two variable ðG' =G; 1 =GÞ-expansion method appears to be more reliable, straightforward, computerized and user-friendly.

Applied General Topology, 2019

In this paper, we study the class of simple systems on R induced by homeomorphisms having finitel... more In this paper, we study the class of simple systems on R induced by homeomorphisms having finitely many non-ordinary points. We characterize the family of homeomorphisms on R having finitely many non-ordinary points upto (order) conjugacy. For x,y ∈ R, we say x ∼ y on a dynamical system (R,f) if x and y have same dynamical properties, which is an equivalence relation. Said precisely, x ∼ y if there exists an increasing homeomorphism h : R → R such that h ◦ f = f ◦ h and h(x) = y. An element x ∈ R is ordinary in (R,f) if its equivalence class [x] is a neighbourhood of it.

$Research paper thumbnail of Traveling wave solutions to some nonlinear fractional partial differential equations through the rational ( G ′/ G )-expansion method$

Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science, 2018

In this article, the analytical solutions to the space-time fractional foam drainage equation and... more In this article, the analytical solutions to the space-time fractional foam drainage equation and the space-time fractional symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW) equation are successfully examined by the recently established rational) / ' (G G-expansion method. The suggested equations are reduced into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the aid of the fractional complex transform. Consequently, the theories of the ordinary differential equations are implemented effectively. Three types closed form traveling wave solutions, such as hyperbolic function, trigonometric function and rational, are constructed by using the suggested method in the sense of conformable fractional derivative. The obtained solutions might be significant to analyze the depth and spacing of parallel subsurface drain and smallamplitude long wave on the surface of the water in a channel. It is observed that the performance of the rational) / ' (G G-expansion method is reliable and will be used to establish new general closed form solutions for any other NPDEs of fractional order.

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2015

Background: Distance from anal verge and abdominoperineal resection are risk factors for circumfe... more Background: Distance from anal verge and abdominoperineal resection are risk factors for circumferential resection margin (CRM) positivity in rectal cancer. Induction chemotherapy (IC) before concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) has emerged as a new treatment modification. Impact of IC before concurrent CRT on CRM positivity in low rectal cancer remains to be independently studied. The objective of this study was to determine CRM positivity in low rectal cancer, with and without prior IC, and to identify predictors of disease free and overall survival. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for rectal cancer between 2005 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups. Group 1 received IC before CRT and Group 2 did not. Demographics, clinicopathological variables and CRM status were compared. Actuarial 5 year disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and independent predictors of survival were determined. Results: Patients in the IC group presented with advanced stage (Stage 3=89.2% versus 75.4%) (P=0.02) but a high rate of total mesorectal excision (TME) (100% versus 93.4%) (P=0.01) and sphincter preservation surgery (54.9 % versus 22.9%) (P=0.001). Patients with low rectal cancer who received IC had a significantly low positive CRM rate (9.2% versus 34%) (P=0.002). Actuarial 5 year DFS in IC and no IC groups were 39% and 43% (P=0.9) and 5 year OS were 70% and 47% (P=0.003). Pathological tumor size [HR: 2.2, CI: 1.1-4.5, P=0.01] and nodal involvement [HR: 2, CI: 1.08-4, P=0.02] were independent predictors of relapse while pathological nodal involvement [HR: 2.6, CI: 1.3-4.9, P=0.003] and IC [HR: 0.7, CI: 0.5-0.9, P=0.02] were independent predictors of death. Conclusions: In low rectal cancer, induction chemotherapy before CRT may significantly decrease CRM positivity and improve 5 year overall survival.

The Futurist

Pakistan may be viewed as a case study of the fight for the survival of modern human civilization... more Pakistan may be viewed as a case study of the fight for the survival of modern human civilization. Its complex and dangerous problems are not without possible solutions, and the strategies that the nation chooses provide a model for the rest of the world.

Introduction: Over 80% of people experience low back pain at least once in their life, which may ... more Introduction: Over 80% of people experience low back pain at least once in their life, which may turn into chronic low back pain over time. Since most of the patients tend to take non-aggressive and non-medicinal treatments with low health risks and complications, this study aims at investigating the effect of foot reflexology as a safe, refreshing treatment on the reduction of chronic low back pain. Previous studies by foreign scholars have confirmed that reflexology may reduce chronic low back pain; however, few domestic studies have examined this issue. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to answer the question whether foot reflexology affects the reduction of chronic low back pain. Material and Methods: The study takes on a practical and quasi-experimental design. The participants were 24 male patients with chronic low back pain as diagnosed by physicians and criteria of research. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of the two equal groups: people of ...

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 2005

Journal of Visualization, 2014

ABSTRACT The flow over an axisymmetric body of revolution at incidence angle is investigated to e... more ABSTRACT The flow over an axisymmetric body of revolution at incidence angle is investigated to explore the nature of complex vortical flow structures around it. The crossflow pressure gradient causes the separated sheet to rollup and extend to the flow at the leeward side of the body. The oil and smoke flow visualization techniques are conducted to explore and describe such complicated flow patterns over and around the axisymmetric body under investigation considering two different nose shapes. The results show the formation of primary and secondary crossflow vortices around the model surface. Furthermore, the effects of nose shape on the vortical flow structure and separation and reattachment locations are also investigated. Moreover, longitudinal and circumferential surface pressure measurements are conducted to further explain the nature of the separation pattern observed in the flow visualization experiments. The comparison of the surface flow visualization results for the model indicates that the nose curvature has influenced on the separation position along the model length. Moreover, the nose separation occurs in smaller incidence angles for the model with blunter nose shape.

2009 IEEE 34th Conference on Local Computer Networks, 2009

... Discovery Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks Muhammad Raza, Ali Akbar, Waqar Mahmood Alkha... more ... Discovery Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks Muhammad Raza, Ali Akbar, Waqar Mahmood Alkhawarizmi Institute of Computer Science University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan Muhammad.asif@kics.edu.pk ...

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2012

FIGURE 2. Fluoroscopic ERCP image showing changes of severe chronic pancreatitis with a main duct... more FIGURE 2. Fluoroscopic ERCP image showing changes of severe chronic pancreatitis with a main ductal stricture (white arrow) and filling defects (black arrows). Note coils from earlier embolization related to bleeding. FIGURE 1. Three-dimensional MRCP image showing changes of pancreatitis with diffuse duct irregularities (3 small white arrows), stricture at the neck of pancreas (1 large white arrow), and distal common bile duct with a filling defect (1 black arrow) consistent

International Journal of Epidemiology, 2004

Background Sulphur mustard (mustard gas), the most widely used chemical agent in the Iran-Iraq wa... more Background Sulphur mustard (mustard gas), the most widely used chemical agent in the Iran-Iraq war, affects many organs including the skin, the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to assess the cumulative incidence rate and annual incidence rate of pulmonary complications, and the rate ratio of related factors. Methods In a retrospective cohort study of 1337 soldiers with a history of mustard gas exposure, factors such as age, smoking habit, number of exposure episodes, and the use of gas masks were determined, together with an assessment of their relationship to the occurrence of long-term pulmonary complications. All patients residing in the Tehran area were enrolled in the study. Data collection was based on the subjects' medical records and included clinical, spirometric, and in some cases histopathological findings. Results The cumulative incidence rate of pulmonary complications was 31.6%; the lowest annual incidence rate was noted during the first year of follow-up (0.75/1000), and the highest rate recorded in the seventh year (76.9/1000). Estimated relative risks (RR) for various age groups are as follows: 1.13 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.46) for those aged 21-25 years; 1.49 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.01) for ages 26-30; 1.70 (95% CI: 1.20, 2.40) for ages 31-35; and 2.09 (95% CI: 1.57, 2.77) for subjects aged у36. RR with regard to other factors were: more than one versus single exposure 0.69 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.12); smoking versus non-smoking 1.08 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.45), and unprotected exposure versus protective mask use 3.04 (95% CI: 2.20, 4.20). Conclusion The estimated risk of pulmonary complications from war exposure to mustard gas increased with age and for soldiers who had not worn masks.

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2014

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2012