Dr. Bankim Chandra Nandy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Bankim Chandra Nandy

Congenital Anomalies, 2000

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Recently, research has gained a renewed focus on herbal products and their biowaste that play an ... more Recently, research has gained a renewed focus on herbal products and their biowaste that play an important role in the developing world due to limited modern health service. Various parts of Punica granatum was shown to exhibit antibacterial effects against a wide variety of bacteria. This study conferred the screening of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of biowaste peel extract of Punica granatum with their comparative antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic and methanolic extracts against pathogenic bacteria (S taphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris ). The percentage value of yield extraction in ethanolic extract was 55.82 % and methanolic extract was 52.48 %. The total phenolic content was 337 ± 0.012 and 329 ± 0.02 mg/g of dry weight of ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid content was 197 ± 0.032 and 193 ± 0.061 mg/g for ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively, e...

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2021

Most of the infectious diseases due to pathogens are caused by the mucosal tract penetration. Hen... more Most of the infectious diseases due to pathogens are caused by the mucosal tract penetration. Hence, vaccines delivered directly to the mucosal tissues can defend pathogenic infections and provide protection at the first site of infection. Thus, mucosal, specifically, oral delivery is becoming the most ideal mode of vaccination. However, oral vaccines have to overcome numerous barriers such as the extremely low pH of the stomach, the presence of proteolytic enzymes and bile salts as well as low permeability in the intestine. Several formulations based on nanoparticles like liposomes, solid solutions, emulsions, VLPs are currently being used to prepare stable oral vaccine formulations. In current days different companies are trying to develop oral vaccine for COVID 19 also. This review briefly discusses several vaccine development criteria their mechanisms and various aspects of oral nanoparticles-based vaccine design that should be considered for improved mucosal and systemic immune...

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used ... more Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria cutanea tarda. It is taken by mouth. It is also being studied as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Common side effects include vomiting, headache, changes in vision, and muscle weakness. Severe side effects may include allergic reactions, vision problems, and heart problems. Although all risk cannot be excluded, it remains a treatment for rheumatic disease during pregnancy. Hydroxychloroquine is in the antimalarial and 4-aminoquinoline families of medication. Hydroxychloroquine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1955. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. In 2017, it was the 128th most common...

Cell Viabi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bili li li li li li li li lity ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty t... more Cell Viabi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bili li li li li li li li lity ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty t t A A A A A A A A A A A Ass ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s sa a a ay a a a a a An An An An An An An An An An nim im im im im im im im im im im im imal experiment

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2020

The main goal of the pharmacoeconomics is to addresses whether an additional gain from a medical ... more The main goal of the pharmacoeconomics is to addresses whether an additional gain from a medical intervention is worth paying extra cost based on three aspects of health outcomes: Economic, Clinical and Humanistic outcome known as ECHO Model. Bys perceptive the principles, methods, and application of pharmacoeconomics, pharmacists will be prepared to make better, more-informed decisions regarding the use of pharmaceutical products and services, that is, decisions that ultimately represent the best interests of the patient, the health care system, and society. Pharmacoeconomics can be applied to any therapeutic area like hospital pharmacy, using a variety of application strategies. As the healthcare sector is progressing day by day the need to develop Pharmacoeconomics area is must. Healthcare sector is not just a small area but it became an industry now. It has more dimensions to explore. So, main goal of this article was to explain it with in a cumulative way by mentioning two exam...

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018

The present research work was an attempt to develop, evaluate matrix-type transdermal therapeutic... more The present research work was an attempt to develop, evaluate matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing lornoxicam with hydrophilic polymer (HPMC E-5) and turmeric oil (leaf extract) by the solvent evaporation technique. The turmeric oil has been used for two reasons, one is to see whether it act as natural penetration enhancer (replacing chemical enhancers) and also to compare the anti-inflammatory synergism between the drug and the oil itself. The anti-inflammatory activity of turmeric oil has been well documented. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug, polymers and oil was studied by infrared spectroscopy. The results suggested no physicochemical incompatibility between them. Five transdermal patch formulations (F1 to F5) consists of HPMC E5 (300 mg fixed) and turmeric oil in the concentrations 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% respectively were prepared. All formulations carried 10% w/v of Polyethylene glycol as plasticizer in dichloromethane and methanol (4:1) as solve...

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2017

The present study aimed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties of... more The present study aimed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract and selected fraction of Mimosa hamata whole plant. Phytochemical analysis of the extract of M. hamata indicated the presence of phenols and flavonoids in plant. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content was observed in the IG fraction of M. hamata (654.33 ± 0.008 mg/g and 689.66 ± 0.032 mg/g respectively) in comparison to other fractions. The present investigation showed that ethanolic extract and fraction of M. hamata at various concentrations have good antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the overall results of the present studies were indicated that these bioactive compounds have been of interest for health benefits, the present analytical study proved a potential application to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in plant extract and fractions.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to form matrix type transdermal patches conta... more Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to form matrix type transdermal patches containing imipramine hydrochloride were prepared using two polymers by solvent evaporation technique to minimise the dose of the drug for lesser side effect and increase the bioavailability of a drug.Methods: In the present study, drug loaded matrix type transdermal films of imipramine hydrochloride were prepared by the solvent evaporation method with the help of polymers along with polyethene glycol (PEG) 400 was used as plasticizer and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as penetration enhancer. Drug-polymer interactions determine by FTIR and a standard calibration curve of imipramine hydrochloride was determined by using UV estimation.Results: The formulated transdermal patch by using PVP K-30, HPMC K100M showed good physical properties. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. The formulation F-1 gave the most suitable transdermal film with all desirable physicochemica...

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2017

Depression is a widespread psychiatric disorder affecting around 5% population of the world. It i... more Depression is a widespread psychiatric disorder affecting around 5% population of the world. It is fourth leading cause of disease trouble universal by ranked and it is expected to turn into the second most immobilizing disorder. Moreover, it is not easy to expect which patient will retort to whichever given treatment. At present obtainable antidepressant drugs are effective and harmless, but limitations range from a delayed start of action t o a considerable rate of non-responders. In the systems of traditional medicine, numerous plants and formulations have been used to take care of depression for thousands of years. We have reported antidepressant activity of EG. Therefore, the present study was start to evaluate the antidepressant potential of fruit extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus and fraction of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The mice were divided into six groups, each group containing five animals. Test drug Elaeocarpus ganitrus (EG) were suspended in distilled water. The vehicle (10ml/kg, p.o), Imipramine HCl (10mg/kg, p.o), EGE and EGF (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 200mg/kg, p.o. respectively) were administered 1 hour prior to study. Duration of immobility was noted in both the models. In our study, Imipramine HCl, EGE and EGF significantly reduced the duration of immobility in both experimental models as compared to the animals in the control gr oup. The antidepressant activity of EGE and EGF were comparable to that of standard drug Imipramine HCl. The results of the present study indicate the potential for use of EG as an adjuvant in the treatment of depression.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016

Objective: Duloxetine, a selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor used in major d... more Objective: Duloxetine, a selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor used in major depressive disorders, urinary incontinence and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. It is reported to be associated with several types of liver injuries, including hepatocellular, cholestatic and mixed hepatocellular-cholestatic patterns. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of duloxetine or its metabolites on oxidative stress-induced liver damages.Methods: In this study, animals were divided into five groups. In the first group, the only vehicle was given orally for 21 d. The second group has been considered as hepatotoxic control group where Erythromycin was given orally for 14 d and remaining three groups have been considered as test groups where duloxetine, fluvoxamine and duloxetine along with fluvoxamine were administered orally for 21 d. Liver GSH, oxidised lipid (malonaldehyde MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), protein carbonyl (PC) and plasma alani...

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2017

Polyphenols are the important active compounds present in the fruits peels of Punica granatum. Th... more Polyphenols are the important active compounds present in the fruits peels of Punica granatum. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify the phenolic compounds by UV-spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic compounds in fruit peels of P. granatum. For separation of bioactive compounds, the crude ethanolic extracts of P. granatum were fractionated by using column chromatography. These fractions were coded as PG I, PG II, PG III, PG IV and PG V for P. granatum. These fractions were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and showed that PG II fraction had an interested compound. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content were observed in the PG II fraction of P. granatum (617 ± 0.017 mg/g and 546.33 ± 0.032 mg/g respectively) in comparison to other fractions. The phenolic compounds gallic acid and caffeic have been identified in the PG II fraction of P. granatum by using different chromatographic techniques i.e. TLC, HPLC, LC-MS analysis. The overall results of the present studies were indicated that PG II fraction of P. granatum was a good source of phenolic compounds. The present analytical study proved a potential application to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in the plant fractions. Hence, it could be pursued further for obtaining phytomedicine.

Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sep 9, 2012

The skin has been used as a port for systemic delivery of therapeutic agents since several decade... more The skin has been used as a port for systemic delivery of therapeutic agents since several decades. The composition of stratum corneum renders it a daunting barrier to the topical and transdermal administration of therapeutic agents. The number of drug molecules for transdermal delivery is limited owing to the physicochemical restrictions. Iontophoresis is an effective technique for physically facilitating transport of solutes across skin for both local and systemic effects. The principle distinguishing feature is the control afforded by iontophoresis and the dose can also be titrated for individual patients by adjusting current. It is believed to be future method of choice for the systemic delivery of protein and peptide drugs which normally can only be delivered by parenteral therapy. This review describes the mechanism of iontophoretic permeation enhancement, how to select drug, formulation and defining dose in iontophoresis. The effect of permeation enhancers on iontophoretic flux of drugs has also been described. Present review also provides an insight into applications of iontophoresis, challenges in delivery and future prospect for the iontophoresis. The technique has been observed to enhance the transdermal permeation of ionic drugs several folds.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

ABSTRACT

Mediante el estudio de propiedades geométricas de los sistemas  C ortocéntricos, relacionadas co... more Mediante el estudio de propiedades geométricas de los sistemas  C ortocéntricos, relacionadas con las nociones de ortogonalidad (Birkhoff, isósceles, cordal), bisectriz (Busemann, Glogovskij) y línea soporte a una circunferencia, se muestran nueve caracterizaciones de euclidianidad para planos de Minkowski arbitrarios. Tres de estas generalizan caracterizaciones dadas para planos de Minkowski estrictamente convexos en [8, 9], y las otras seis son nuevos aportes sobre el tema.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of th... more Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of medicinally important plant Mimosa hamata in its ethanolic and methanolic extract of whole parts of plant. Methods: Studies were carried out in terms of methanolic and ethanolic extraction, total extractive values, qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals. Results: The percentage value of yield extraction in ethanolic extract was 34.74% and methanolic extract was 24.2%. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, phytosterols, glycosides, tannins & phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, protein and amino acids, fixed oils and fat test. The total phenolic content ranged from 280.5 to 287.5 mg/g of dry weight of extract, expressed as Gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid concentrations varied from 264.4 to 267.3 mg/g, expressed as Quercetin equivalents. Conclusions: It signifies that re...

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are found not to be as valuable as... more INTRODUCTION: Nowadays about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are found not to be as valuable as most wanted. To advance such characters transdermal drug delivery system was emerged. With the creation of current time of pharmaceutical dosage forms, transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) recognized itself as an important part of novel drug delivery systems. Transdermal dosage forms, still a costly alternative to conventional formulations, are becoming popular because of their exclusive advantages. Improved bioavailability, Controlled absorption, extra uniform plasma levels, painless and reduced side effects easy application and flexibility of terminating drug administration by simply removing the patch to the skin are some of the potential advantages of transdermal drug delivery [1] . Oral Conventional dosage forms like tablets and capsules are most widely used drug delivery system but both dosage forms face problem of gastric drug/enzyme instability first pass metabolism. Oral rou...

Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2015

Ficus racemosa is an important medicinal plant, found in India, Australia, and Southeast Asia. It... more Ficus racemosa is an important medicinal plant, found in India, Australia, and Southeast Asia. It is popularly known as 'gular.' It reduces blood glucose concentration due to the presence of β-sitosterol. Many active constituents that have been isolated from various parts of this plant possess useful pharmacological activities. The literature survey proposed that it has multiple pharmacological actions that include antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antifungal, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antifilarial, and hepatoprotection. This review article elaborately describes the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of this plant. We also provide useful structures of the secondary metabolites along with their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Some clinical trial data have also been provided in this review. This review would assist researchers to gather scientific information in future.

Congenital Anomalies, 2000

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Recently, research has gained a renewed focus on herbal products and their biowaste that play an ... more Recently, research has gained a renewed focus on herbal products and their biowaste that play an important role in the developing world due to limited modern health service. Various parts of Punica granatum was shown to exhibit antibacterial effects against a wide variety of bacteria. This study conferred the screening of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of biowaste peel extract of Punica granatum with their comparative antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic and methanolic extracts against pathogenic bacteria (S taphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris ). The percentage value of yield extraction in ethanolic extract was 55.82 % and methanolic extract was 52.48 %. The total phenolic content was 337 ± 0.012 and 329 ± 0.02 mg/g of dry weight of ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid content was 197 ± 0.032 and 193 ± 0.061 mg/g for ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively, e...

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2021

Most of the infectious diseases due to pathogens are caused by the mucosal tract penetration. Hen... more Most of the infectious diseases due to pathogens are caused by the mucosal tract penetration. Hence, vaccines delivered directly to the mucosal tissues can defend pathogenic infections and provide protection at the first site of infection. Thus, mucosal, specifically, oral delivery is becoming the most ideal mode of vaccination. However, oral vaccines have to overcome numerous barriers such as the extremely low pH of the stomach, the presence of proteolytic enzymes and bile salts as well as low permeability in the intestine. Several formulations based on nanoparticles like liposomes, solid solutions, emulsions, VLPs are currently being used to prepare stable oral vaccine formulations. In current days different companies are trying to develop oral vaccine for COVID 19 also. This review briefly discusses several vaccine development criteria their mechanisms and various aspects of oral nanoparticles-based vaccine design that should be considered for improved mucosal and systemic immune...

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used ... more Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria cutanea tarda. It is taken by mouth. It is also being studied as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Common side effects include vomiting, headache, changes in vision, and muscle weakness. Severe side effects may include allergic reactions, vision problems, and heart problems. Although all risk cannot be excluded, it remains a treatment for rheumatic disease during pregnancy. Hydroxychloroquine is in the antimalarial and 4-aminoquinoline families of medication. Hydroxychloroquine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1955. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. In 2017, it was the 128th most common...

Cell Viabi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bili li li li li li li li lity ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty t... more Cell Viabi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bi bili li li li li li li li lity ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty t t A A A A A A A A A A A Ass ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s sa a a ay a a a a a An An An An An An An An An An nim im im im im im im im im im im im imal experiment

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2020

The main goal of the pharmacoeconomics is to addresses whether an additional gain from a medical ... more The main goal of the pharmacoeconomics is to addresses whether an additional gain from a medical intervention is worth paying extra cost based on three aspects of health outcomes: Economic, Clinical and Humanistic outcome known as ECHO Model. Bys perceptive the principles, methods, and application of pharmacoeconomics, pharmacists will be prepared to make better, more-informed decisions regarding the use of pharmaceutical products and services, that is, decisions that ultimately represent the best interests of the patient, the health care system, and society. Pharmacoeconomics can be applied to any therapeutic area like hospital pharmacy, using a variety of application strategies. As the healthcare sector is progressing day by day the need to develop Pharmacoeconomics area is must. Healthcare sector is not just a small area but it became an industry now. It has more dimensions to explore. So, main goal of this article was to explain it with in a cumulative way by mentioning two exam...

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018

The present research work was an attempt to develop, evaluate matrix-type transdermal therapeutic... more The present research work was an attempt to develop, evaluate matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing lornoxicam with hydrophilic polymer (HPMC E-5) and turmeric oil (leaf extract) by the solvent evaporation technique. The turmeric oil has been used for two reasons, one is to see whether it act as natural penetration enhancer (replacing chemical enhancers) and also to compare the anti-inflammatory synergism between the drug and the oil itself. The anti-inflammatory activity of turmeric oil has been well documented. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug, polymers and oil was studied by infrared spectroscopy. The results suggested no physicochemical incompatibility between them. Five transdermal patch formulations (F1 to F5) consists of HPMC E5 (300 mg fixed) and turmeric oil in the concentrations 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% respectively were prepared. All formulations carried 10% w/v of Polyethylene glycol as plasticizer in dichloromethane and methanol (4:1) as solve...

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2017

The present study aimed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties of... more The present study aimed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract and selected fraction of Mimosa hamata whole plant. Phytochemical analysis of the extract of M. hamata indicated the presence of phenols and flavonoids in plant. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content was observed in the IG fraction of M. hamata (654.33 ± 0.008 mg/g and 689.66 ± 0.032 mg/g respectively) in comparison to other fractions. The present investigation showed that ethanolic extract and fraction of M. hamata at various concentrations have good antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the overall results of the present studies were indicated that these bioactive compounds have been of interest for health benefits, the present analytical study proved a potential application to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in plant extract and fractions.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to form matrix type transdermal patches conta... more Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to form matrix type transdermal patches containing imipramine hydrochloride were prepared using two polymers by solvent evaporation technique to minimise the dose of the drug for lesser side effect and increase the bioavailability of a drug.Methods: In the present study, drug loaded matrix type transdermal films of imipramine hydrochloride were prepared by the solvent evaporation method with the help of polymers along with polyethene glycol (PEG) 400 was used as plasticizer and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as penetration enhancer. Drug-polymer interactions determine by FTIR and a standard calibration curve of imipramine hydrochloride was determined by using UV estimation.Results: The formulated transdermal patch by using PVP K-30, HPMC K100M showed good physical properties. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. The formulation F-1 gave the most suitable transdermal film with all desirable physicochemica...

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2017

Depression is a widespread psychiatric disorder affecting around 5% population of the world. It i... more Depression is a widespread psychiatric disorder affecting around 5% population of the world. It is fourth leading cause of disease trouble universal by ranked and it is expected to turn into the second most immobilizing disorder. Moreover, it is not easy to expect which patient will retort to whichever given treatment. At present obtainable antidepressant drugs are effective and harmless, but limitations range from a delayed start of action t o a considerable rate of non-responders. In the systems of traditional medicine, numerous plants and formulations have been used to take care of depression for thousands of years. We have reported antidepressant activity of EG. Therefore, the present study was start to evaluate the antidepressant potential of fruit extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus and fraction of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The mice were divided into six groups, each group containing five animals. Test drug Elaeocarpus ganitrus (EG) were suspended in distilled water. The vehicle (10ml/kg, p.o), Imipramine HCl (10mg/kg, p.o), EGE and EGF (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 200mg/kg, p.o. respectively) were administered 1 hour prior to study. Duration of immobility was noted in both the models. In our study, Imipramine HCl, EGE and EGF significantly reduced the duration of immobility in both experimental models as compared to the animals in the control gr oup. The antidepressant activity of EGE and EGF were comparable to that of standard drug Imipramine HCl. The results of the present study indicate the potential for use of EG as an adjuvant in the treatment of depression.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016

Objective: Duloxetine, a selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor used in major d... more Objective: Duloxetine, a selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor used in major depressive disorders, urinary incontinence and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. It is reported to be associated with several types of liver injuries, including hepatocellular, cholestatic and mixed hepatocellular-cholestatic patterns. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of duloxetine or its metabolites on oxidative stress-induced liver damages.Methods: In this study, animals were divided into five groups. In the first group, the only vehicle was given orally for 21 d. The second group has been considered as hepatotoxic control group where Erythromycin was given orally for 14 d and remaining three groups have been considered as test groups where duloxetine, fluvoxamine and duloxetine along with fluvoxamine were administered orally for 21 d. Liver GSH, oxidised lipid (malonaldehyde MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), protein carbonyl (PC) and plasma alani...

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2017

Polyphenols are the important active compounds present in the fruits peels of Punica granatum. Th... more Polyphenols are the important active compounds present in the fruits peels of Punica granatum. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify the phenolic compounds by UV-spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods for qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic compounds in fruit peels of P. granatum. For separation of bioactive compounds, the crude ethanolic extracts of P. granatum were fractionated by using column chromatography. These fractions were coded as PG I, PG II, PG III, PG IV and PG V for P. granatum. These fractions were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and showed that PG II fraction had an interested compound. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content were observed in the PG II fraction of P. granatum (617 ± 0.017 mg/g and 546.33 ± 0.032 mg/g respectively) in comparison to other fractions. The phenolic compounds gallic acid and caffeic have been identified in the PG II fraction of P. granatum by using different chromatographic techniques i.e. TLC, HPLC, LC-MS analysis. The overall results of the present studies were indicated that PG II fraction of P. granatum was a good source of phenolic compounds. The present analytical study proved a potential application to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in the plant fractions. Hence, it could be pursued further for obtaining phytomedicine.

Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sep 9, 2012

The skin has been used as a port for systemic delivery of therapeutic agents since several decade... more The skin has been used as a port for systemic delivery of therapeutic agents since several decades. The composition of stratum corneum renders it a daunting barrier to the topical and transdermal administration of therapeutic agents. The number of drug molecules for transdermal delivery is limited owing to the physicochemical restrictions. Iontophoresis is an effective technique for physically facilitating transport of solutes across skin for both local and systemic effects. The principle distinguishing feature is the control afforded by iontophoresis and the dose can also be titrated for individual patients by adjusting current. It is believed to be future method of choice for the systemic delivery of protein and peptide drugs which normally can only be delivered by parenteral therapy. This review describes the mechanism of iontophoretic permeation enhancement, how to select drug, formulation and defining dose in iontophoresis. The effect of permeation enhancers on iontophoretic flux of drugs has also been described. Present review also provides an insight into applications of iontophoresis, challenges in delivery and future prospect for the iontophoresis. The technique has been observed to enhance the transdermal permeation of ionic drugs several folds.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

ABSTRACT

Mediante el estudio de propiedades geométricas de los sistemas  C ortocéntricos, relacionadas co... more Mediante el estudio de propiedades geométricas de los sistemas  C ortocéntricos, relacionadas con las nociones de ortogonalidad (Birkhoff, isósceles, cordal), bisectriz (Busemann, Glogovskij) y línea soporte a una circunferencia, se muestran nueve caracterizaciones de euclidianidad para planos de Minkowski arbitrarios. Tres de estas generalizan caracterizaciones dadas para planos de Minkowski estrictamente convexos en [8, 9], y las otras seis son nuevos aportes sobre el tema.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of th... more Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of medicinally important plant Mimosa hamata in its ethanolic and methanolic extract of whole parts of plant. Methods: Studies were carried out in terms of methanolic and ethanolic extraction, total extractive values, qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals. Results: The percentage value of yield extraction in ethanolic extract was 34.74% and methanolic extract was 24.2%. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, phytosterols, glycosides, tannins & phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, protein and amino acids, fixed oils and fat test. The total phenolic content ranged from 280.5 to 287.5 mg/g of dry weight of extract, expressed as Gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid concentrations varied from 264.4 to 267.3 mg/g, expressed as Quercetin equivalents. Conclusions: It signifies that re...

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are found not to be as valuable as... more INTRODUCTION: Nowadays about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are found not to be as valuable as most wanted. To advance such characters transdermal drug delivery system was emerged. With the creation of current time of pharmaceutical dosage forms, transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) recognized itself as an important part of novel drug delivery systems. Transdermal dosage forms, still a costly alternative to conventional formulations, are becoming popular because of their exclusive advantages. Improved bioavailability, Controlled absorption, extra uniform plasma levels, painless and reduced side effects easy application and flexibility of terminating drug administration by simply removing the patch to the skin are some of the potential advantages of transdermal drug delivery [1] . Oral Conventional dosage forms like tablets and capsules are most widely used drug delivery system but both dosage forms face problem of gastric drug/enzyme instability first pass metabolism. Oral rou...

Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2015

Ficus racemosa is an important medicinal plant, found in India, Australia, and Southeast Asia. It... more Ficus racemosa is an important medicinal plant, found in India, Australia, and Southeast Asia. It is popularly known as 'gular.' It reduces blood glucose concentration due to the presence of β-sitosterol. Many active constituents that have been isolated from various parts of this plant possess useful pharmacological activities. The literature survey proposed that it has multiple pharmacological actions that include antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antifungal, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antifilarial, and hepatoprotection. This review article elaborately describes the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of this plant. We also provide useful structures of the secondary metabolites along with their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Some clinical trial data have also been provided in this review. This review would assist researchers to gather scientific information in future.