Dr Ghulam Raza - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr Ghulam Raza
Functional & Integrative Genomics, Jul 6, 2023
![Research paper thumbnail of Genetic diversity and population structure analysis in cultivated soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) using SSR and EST-SSR markers](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120549470/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](![Research paper thumbnail of Genome-wide association study of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) germplasm for dissecting the quantitative trait nucleotides and candidate genes underlying yield-related traits](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120549474/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Frontiers in Plant Science
Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is one of the most significant crops in the world in terms of oi... more Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is one of the most significant crops in the world in terms of oil and protein. Owing to the rising demand for soybean products, there is an increasing need for improved varieties for more productive farming. However, complex correlation patterns among quantitative traits along with genetic interactions pose a challenge for soybean breeding. Association studies play an important role in the identification of accession with useful alleles by locating genomic sites associated with the phenotype in germplasm collections. In the present study, a genome-wide association study was carried out for seven agronomic and yield-related traits. A field experiment was conducted in 2015/2016 at two locations that include 155 diverse soybean germplasm. These germplasms were genotyped using SoySNP50K Illumina Infinium Bead-Chip. A total of 51 markers were identified for node number, plant height, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, hundred-grain we...
![Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of genotype × environment interactions for agronomic traits of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) using association mapping](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117478964/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Frontiers in Genetics
The soybean yield is a complex quantitative trait that is significantly influenced by environment... more The soybean yield is a complex quantitative trait that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. G × E interaction (GEI), which derives the performance of soybean genotypes differentially in various environmental conditions, is one of the main obstacles to increasing the net production. The primary goal of this study is to identify the outperforming genotypes in different latitudes, which can then be used in future breeding programs. A total of 96 soybean genotypes were examined in two different ecological regions: Faisalabad and Tando Jam in Pakistan. The evaluation of genotypes in different environmental conditions showed a substantial amount of genetic diversity for grain yield. We identified 13 environment-specific genotypes showing their maximum grain yield in each environment. Genotype G69 was found to be an ideal genotype with higher grain yield than other genotypes tested in this study and is broadly adapted for environments E1 and E2 and also included in top-yie...
Frontiers in Plant Science, Nov 23, 2023
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021
The genus Saccharum is composed of species with high polyploidy and highly varied chromosome numb... more The genus Saccharum is composed of species with high polyploidy and highly varied chromosome numbers, laying a challenge for uncovering its genomic structure and evolution. We developed a chromosome 2 painting (CP2) probe by designing oligonucleotides covering chromosome 2 of Saccharum spontaneum (2n = 8x = 64). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using this CP2 probe revealed six types of ploidies from twenty S. spontaneum clones, including 6x, 8x, 10x, 11x, 12x, and 13x clones. The finding of S. spontaneum clones with uneven of ploid suggested that certain S. spontaneum clones come from hybridization. It renews our knowledge that S. spontaneum is derived from autopolyploidization. Combined with a S. spontaneum-specific probe, chromosome 2-derived chromosome or fragments from either S. spontaneum or Saccharum officinarum can be identified in sugarcane modern cultivars. We revealed unexpected high level of interspecific recombination from introgressive S. spontaneum chromosome...
Agronomy
Soybean is a short-day crop, and its sensitivity to photoperiod is an important trait for its ada... more Soybean is a short-day crop, and its sensitivity to photoperiod is an important trait for its adaptability. Rapid changes in the climate on a global scale could be a threat to future food security. There is a need to increase the heat tolerance of soybean to sustain its production. The availability of global germplasm provides plant breeders with the opportunity to explore the genetic potential of the existing soybean germplasm. For this purpose, a panel of 203 soybean accessions from different global climatic zones was evaluated for adaptability under long-day conditions. Field screening of the soybean germplasm was conducted over two consecutive years, 2016 and 2017, in Faisalabad, Pakistan. This study screened 15 diverse soybean accessions that exhibited economically viable yields in both years, i.e., 1500–2200 kg/ha. Data related to plant height, node number, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, hundred-grain weight, and total yield were recorded. Two soybean ...
Sugarcane Biofuels, 2019
Global energy demands are extensively being met through non-renewable resources, which are not on... more Global energy demands are extensively being met through non-renewable resources, which are not only depleting rapidly, but also causing higher greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, alternative sources of energy are being looked-for, to fulfill the needs of energy as well as to mitigate the effects of climate change. Bioenergy crops are anticipated to be a promising option in this context. Sugarcane is one of the most suitable crops for bioenergy production, attributed to its C4 characteristics which result in yielding huge biomass per unit area. Moreover, tillering and ratooning ability of sugarcane makes it an extremely attractive crop for biofuels and bioenergy engenderment. One ton of sugarcane produces 85–100 kg sugar and 35–45 kg molasses—which can deliver up to 22–25% recovery of ethanol through fermentation. About 80% of the world’s molasses is used for ethanol production through biochemical processing. Presently, first-generation bioethanol is being produced through sugarcane molasses fermentation and distillation; however, bagasse and other plant residues which constitute two thirds of its biomass may also be utilized for biofuel and bioenergy production through biochemical and/or thermochemical conversions. Having great potential for energy production, sugarcane is expected to play significant role in world’s energy matrix in coming years. This chapter presents an overview of introductory aspects of sugarcane crop as an energy source.
International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2018
Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is a most advanced method of irrigation that facilitates the irr... more Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is a most advanced method of irrigation that facilitates the irrigation of crop / plants with small amounts of water through the T-tapes placed below the soil surface. Depth of Ttape and requirement of water depends upon soil type and crop under observations. Experiments for comparative study of SDI with flood irrigation for yield and quality were conducted on sugarcane crop from 2005-2008 with 3-varieties i.e. HSF-240, HS-12 and CSSG-668 on an area of 6 ha. Drip tapes were buried manually in the middle of the ridges on an area of 3 ha with subplot size for each variety of 1 ha compared with flood irrigated crop of 3 ha with subplot of 1 ha for each variety. Flood irrigation system showed better results for growth, yield and quality of sugarcane than SDI. Germination % and tillers/plant did not show any significant difference under both irrigation systems. SDI resulted to lower mill-able cane, cane yield, crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). Harvest index % (HI) had no significant effect on both irrigation systems. Higher leaf relative water contents (LRWC) obtained under flood irrigation showed higher accumulation of water supplied through flood system. Similarly, quality attributes (juice extraction, purity %, recovery % cane and sugar yield t/ha) showed superior behavior under flood irrigation than SDI. Flood irrigation system provided net benefits ranging from Rs. 56130-Rs. 82760 / ha while SDI resulted in loss from Rs. 127345 to 157910 / ha. Maximum income benefit was recorded in CSSG-668 variety (Rs. 82760 / ha) and maximum loss in HSF-240 variety (Rs. 157910 / ha) under SDI. SDI helped to save water from 11-18% over flood irrigation system that had no significant contribution in net benefits. This loss may be due to the major problems faced by SDI system that led to blockage, damaged of T-tapes, filtration obstructions due to high ferrous contents in irrigated water, higher initial cost, management, that resulted to net economic loss in sugarcane. Irrigated water was unfit with high ferrous contents that resulted to blockage of T-tapes. SDI saved 18% water as compared to flood irrigation system. It was concluded that SDI is not a superior system of irrigation for sugarcane in developing countries like Pakistan where water is unfit for irrigation. Its high installation cost, breakage and clogging resulted to net economic loss. SDI might be a superior system where water is fit for irrigation, free of ferrous and low installation costs.
Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2010
A severe yellow mosaic disease with a significant disease incidence was observed on bitter gourd ... more A severe yellow mosaic disease with a significant disease incidence was observed on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) during a survey of different locations around Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India in 2008. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using total DNA isolated from infected leaf samples and a pair of begomovirus-specific primers. The expected size (~1300 bp) amplicon was detected from all four symptomatic samples but not from samples of healthy plants, indicating the presence of a begomovirus infection. A PCR amplicon was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession reference EU888908). Basic local alignment search tool analysis revealed the newly derived sequence had the highest identities (99-97%) with Pepper leaf curl Bangladesh virus (PepLCBV) sequences. The phylogenetic analysis of the virus sequences with selected begomovirus sequences also revealed the closest relationship with PepLCBV. These results suggest an association of PepLCBV with yellow mosaic disease of bitter gourd; PepLCBV on bitter gourd (M. charantia) is a new record in India.
A simple and efficient protocol for In vitro direct regeneration of shoot from immature leaf expl... more A simple and efficient protocol for In vitro direct regeneration of shoot from immature leaf explants of sugarcane is reported. Three sugarcane clonal lines, viz., NIA-98, BL4 and NIA-2004 were studied for direct regeneration potential on different concentrations of plant growth regulators. Ten different media were used for direct regeneration studies. The best regeneration was observed on medium containing 4 mg/l IAA+ 1.0mg/lKin + 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D followed by media containing 4 mg/l IAA+ 0.5 mg/l Kin + 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D. The maximum rate of plantlet regeneration was recorded in clone NIA-98 while the minimum was in NIA-2004. Four different shoot elongation medium were used and best elongation rate were observed on medium containing 1.5 mg/l Kin + 1 mg/l NAA. Best root induction was observed when shoots were transferred on to media containing 1mg/l BAP and 60gm /l commercial sugar. The regenerated plants were transferred to jiffy pots and after weaning into the field for evaluation. Development of chlorophyll mutants confirms that direct regeneration cannot maintain genetic fidelity but could be considered as a good source of exploring existing aneuploidy. Agronomic data and SSR study also confirms the variation in the population
Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2019
BioMed Research International, 2017
Soybean, a major legume crop, is the source of vegetable oil and protein. There is a need for tra... more Soybean, a major legume crop, is the source of vegetable oil and protein. There is a need for transgenic approaches to breeding superior soybean varieties to meet future climate challenges. Efficient plant regeneration is a prerequisite for successful application of genetic transformation technology. Soybean cultivars are classified into different maturity groups based on photoperiod requirements. In this study, nine soybean varieties belonging to different maturity group were regenerated successfully from three different explants: half split hypocotyl, complete hypocotyl, and cotyledonary node. All the genotypes and explant types responded by producing adventitious shoots. Shoot induction potential ranged within 60–87%, 50–100%, and 75–100%, and regeneration rate ranged within 4.2–10, 2.7–4.2, and 2.6–10.5 shoots per explant using half split hypocotyl, complete hypocotyl, and cotyledonary explants, respectively, among all the tested genotypes. Bunya variety showed the best regenera...
African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 29, 2010
Prevalence of citrus bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in citrus groves... more Prevalence of citrus bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in citrus groves is the major impediment and limiting factor in successful citrus production. Severity varies among different species, varieties and prevailing climatic conditions. Despite extensive studies on the biology, epidemiology and management of this disease, there is still little known about the role of different biocontrol agents for management of this disease. Traditional management of X. axonopodis pv citri is brought about by chemicals which have become complicated through the development of chemical resistance, and as such, it is hazardous for health. It is necessary to identify the pathotypes of X. axonopodis pv. citri through biochemical and molecular characterization and to determine the role of different biocontrol agents (antibiotics and plant extracts), in order to find out a safer way for controlling citrus canker as disease severity results in defoliation, dieback, premature fruit drop and blemished fruit that consequently decrease fruit production and market value.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, Feb 4, 2011
This review aims to elaborate the potential applications of various biological agents in decontam... more This review aims to elaborate the potential applications of various biological agents in decontamination of agricultural soils, which have been polluted with continuous and higher doses of pesticides through process of biodegradation. Biodegradation is an eco friendly, cost effective, highly efficient approach and can be considered as a superior alternative to physical and chemical methods which are not only technically laborious and costly; also are not sufficient to completely degrade organic toxins. Development of experimental conditions in which all congruent biological agents are applied concurrently may be a promising strategy to enhance biodegradation and subsequently biodegradation. Much work remains to be done in carrying out field studies based on laboratory-scale results/experiments using plant-associated endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria to degrade a wide range of toxic organic compounds of concern in environmental soil before commercially viable systems.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, 2016
This study investigated the integration of Arabidopsis vacuolar H +-pyro-phosphatase (H +-PPase) ... more This study investigated the integration of Arabidopsis vacuolar H +-pyro-phosphatase (H +-PPase) (AVP1) transgene in transgenic sugarcane plants for drought tolerance. The gene integration was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting. Transgene expression was estimated by Western blotting. When sugarcane plants were grown on soil under 50% reduced water supply, the transgenic sugarcane overexpressing AVP1 produced higher shoot biomass based on cane height, number of millable canes, and Brix (%) compared with wild-type. The overexpression of AVP1 in transgenic sugarcane plants increased tolerance to drought stress, as demonstrated by increased relative water content (RWC) and leaf water (Ψ w), osmotic (Ψ s), and turgor potential (Ψ p). Physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (C), and transpiration rate (E) were less affected by water-deficit stress in transgenic AVP1 plants compared with wild-type plants. In conclusion, our results indicated that AVP1 conferred tolerance to drought or water-deficit stress, highlighting potential use of this gene for crop improvement through biotechnological applications.
African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 20, 2010
Two commercial cultivars (CPF-245 and CPF-237) and three advanced lines (CSSG-668, S-2003US633, S... more Two commercial cultivars (CPF-245 and CPF-237) and three advanced lines (CSSG-668, S-2003US633, S-2003US114) of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarium) grown in Punjab, Pakistan were evaluated for their potential to induce callus, embryogenic callus and regeneration. Cultivar CSSG-668 was found to be the best genotype yielding maximum embryogenic callus and regeneration whereas cultivar CPF-245 exhibited lowest callus induction frequency. Five different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L) of the selective agent (geneticin-418) were used to optimize selection conditions with nontransformed embryogenic calli. The geneticin concentration 60 mg/L was found to be the optimal dose to select the embryogenic calli of genotypes CSSG-668, CPF-245 and S-2003US63, while 35 mg/L geneticin was found to be the best concentration for S-2003US-114. Similarly, 60 mg/L geneticin was optimum dose to select regenerated plantlets of the cultivars CSSG-668 and CPF-245 while it was 40, 25 mg/L for the cultivars S-2003US-114 and S-2003US-633, respectively. It is concluded from the present study that geneticin concentration in the range of 25 to 60 mg/L can be effectively used for the selection of transformed embryogenic calli and regenerants of different sugarcane cultivars.
Sugarcane germplasm comprises different phases (Advance and station yield trial) were planted at ... more Sugarcane germplasm comprises different phases (Advance and station yield trial) were planted at the experimental farm of NIA, Tando Jam to evaluate the growth and biotic tolerance performance during September, 2012-13. The selected clones were originated from 09 tissue culture, 7 Canal Point USA, 4 Australia, 3 Barbados and 6 local germplasm sources. Considerable differences for all traits among the advanced lines tested were observed, two clones originated through In vitro mutagenesis showed better performance in term of cane yield as compared to other clones and local checks. In station yield trial only three clones, CSSG-2453, BNIA-87 and soma-clone NIA-1026-P3 produced higher cane yield than the control, Thatta-10. Sugarcane germplasm were evaluated for 09-characters and analyzed for genotypic and phenotypic correlation. These characters revealed that cane yield was associated positively with most of the agronomic traits such as cane height, internodes length and cane thickness. The study of path analysis for yield related traits the highest positive direct effect on cane yield was exerted by cane height. Study of diseases scoring only 05 lines produced disease symptoms.
All acclamation, encomiums and appreciation goes to Almighty "ALLAH", The Magnificent and The Com... more All acclamation, encomiums and appreciation goes to Almighty "ALLAH", The Magnificent and The Compassionate, The Omnipotent Ruler and creator of the universe and the day of repayment, who bestowed upon me. His Endless and Matchless bounties inspite of my all sins. Trembling lips and wet eyes express my profound feeling of gratitude, praise and utmost respect from the core of my heart for The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) who is forever a inspiration of guidance, knowledge and enlightenment for the whole humanity, who overvalued the soul of mankind and taught the humanity to seek knowledge from cradle to grave. With a deep sense of acknowledgement, I would like to extend my extreme appreciation to Dr. Sohail Hameed, Director National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, whose cooperative leadership provided a conducive atmosphere to carry out this task. My sincerest thanks to Dr. Shahid Mansoor, Head Agriculture Biotechnology Division, NIBGE for his amicable behavior and keen interest in my research project. No word of thanks can ever compensate for my overwhelming appreciation and indebtness to my ever affectionate and dynamic supervisor Dr. Shaheen Aftab, who remained throughout with me during the period of this study with her intellectual vigor, dedication and encouraging attitude. Her vigilance and concerns regarding my research work proved instrumental in accomplishment of this task. My deepest and sincerest thanks are due to Dr. M.Y. Asharaf, T.I., Deputy Chief Scientist, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) who instead of his busy schedule, always welcomed me and benefited me with his experienced, critical and skilful directions concerning physiological analyses of transgenic plants. I am also thankful to his assistant Muhammad Farid for helping me in taking physiological data. At this auspicious moment, I would like to acknowledge the keen efforts poured by Dr. Zahid Mukhtar in reviewing this dissertation and brought it to a publishable form. I also acknowledge the sincerest efforts of Mr. Faqir Hussain, NIAB in reviewing my thesis.
Functional & Integrative Genomics, Jul 6, 2023
Frontiers in Plant Science
Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is one of the most significant crops in the world in terms of oi... more Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is one of the most significant crops in the world in terms of oil and protein. Owing to the rising demand for soybean products, there is an increasing need for improved varieties for more productive farming. However, complex correlation patterns among quantitative traits along with genetic interactions pose a challenge for soybean breeding. Association studies play an important role in the identification of accession with useful alleles by locating genomic sites associated with the phenotype in germplasm collections. In the present study, a genome-wide association study was carried out for seven agronomic and yield-related traits. A field experiment was conducted in 2015/2016 at two locations that include 155 diverse soybean germplasm. These germplasms were genotyped using SoySNP50K Illumina Infinium Bead-Chip. A total of 51 markers were identified for node number, plant height, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, hundred-grain we...
Frontiers in Genetics
The soybean yield is a complex quantitative trait that is significantly influenced by environment... more The soybean yield is a complex quantitative trait that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. G × E interaction (GEI), which derives the performance of soybean genotypes differentially in various environmental conditions, is one of the main obstacles to increasing the net production. The primary goal of this study is to identify the outperforming genotypes in different latitudes, which can then be used in future breeding programs. A total of 96 soybean genotypes were examined in two different ecological regions: Faisalabad and Tando Jam in Pakistan. The evaluation of genotypes in different environmental conditions showed a substantial amount of genetic diversity for grain yield. We identified 13 environment-specific genotypes showing their maximum grain yield in each environment. Genotype G69 was found to be an ideal genotype with higher grain yield than other genotypes tested in this study and is broadly adapted for environments E1 and E2 and also included in top-yie...
Frontiers in Plant Science, Nov 23, 2023
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021
The genus Saccharum is composed of species with high polyploidy and highly varied chromosome numb... more The genus Saccharum is composed of species with high polyploidy and highly varied chromosome numbers, laying a challenge for uncovering its genomic structure and evolution. We developed a chromosome 2 painting (CP2) probe by designing oligonucleotides covering chromosome 2 of Saccharum spontaneum (2n = 8x = 64). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using this CP2 probe revealed six types of ploidies from twenty S. spontaneum clones, including 6x, 8x, 10x, 11x, 12x, and 13x clones. The finding of S. spontaneum clones with uneven of ploid suggested that certain S. spontaneum clones come from hybridization. It renews our knowledge that S. spontaneum is derived from autopolyploidization. Combined with a S. spontaneum-specific probe, chromosome 2-derived chromosome or fragments from either S. spontaneum or Saccharum officinarum can be identified in sugarcane modern cultivars. We revealed unexpected high level of interspecific recombination from introgressive S. spontaneum chromosome...
Agronomy
Soybean is a short-day crop, and its sensitivity to photoperiod is an important trait for its ada... more Soybean is a short-day crop, and its sensitivity to photoperiod is an important trait for its adaptability. Rapid changes in the climate on a global scale could be a threat to future food security. There is a need to increase the heat tolerance of soybean to sustain its production. The availability of global germplasm provides plant breeders with the opportunity to explore the genetic potential of the existing soybean germplasm. For this purpose, a panel of 203 soybean accessions from different global climatic zones was evaluated for adaptability under long-day conditions. Field screening of the soybean germplasm was conducted over two consecutive years, 2016 and 2017, in Faisalabad, Pakistan. This study screened 15 diverse soybean accessions that exhibited economically viable yields in both years, i.e., 1500–2200 kg/ha. Data related to plant height, node number, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, hundred-grain weight, and total yield were recorded. Two soybean ...
Sugarcane Biofuels, 2019
Global energy demands are extensively being met through non-renewable resources, which are not on... more Global energy demands are extensively being met through non-renewable resources, which are not only depleting rapidly, but also causing higher greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, alternative sources of energy are being looked-for, to fulfill the needs of energy as well as to mitigate the effects of climate change. Bioenergy crops are anticipated to be a promising option in this context. Sugarcane is one of the most suitable crops for bioenergy production, attributed to its C4 characteristics which result in yielding huge biomass per unit area. Moreover, tillering and ratooning ability of sugarcane makes it an extremely attractive crop for biofuels and bioenergy engenderment. One ton of sugarcane produces 85–100 kg sugar and 35–45 kg molasses—which can deliver up to 22–25% recovery of ethanol through fermentation. About 80% of the world’s molasses is used for ethanol production through biochemical processing. Presently, first-generation bioethanol is being produced through sugarcane molasses fermentation and distillation; however, bagasse and other plant residues which constitute two thirds of its biomass may also be utilized for biofuel and bioenergy production through biochemical and/or thermochemical conversions. Having great potential for energy production, sugarcane is expected to play significant role in world’s energy matrix in coming years. This chapter presents an overview of introductory aspects of sugarcane crop as an energy source.
International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2018
Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is a most advanced method of irrigation that facilitates the irr... more Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is a most advanced method of irrigation that facilitates the irrigation of crop / plants with small amounts of water through the T-tapes placed below the soil surface. Depth of Ttape and requirement of water depends upon soil type and crop under observations. Experiments for comparative study of SDI with flood irrigation for yield and quality were conducted on sugarcane crop from 2005-2008 with 3-varieties i.e. HSF-240, HS-12 and CSSG-668 on an area of 6 ha. Drip tapes were buried manually in the middle of the ridges on an area of 3 ha with subplot size for each variety of 1 ha compared with flood irrigated crop of 3 ha with subplot of 1 ha for each variety. Flood irrigation system showed better results for growth, yield and quality of sugarcane than SDI. Germination % and tillers/plant did not show any significant difference under both irrigation systems. SDI resulted to lower mill-able cane, cane yield, crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). Harvest index % (HI) had no significant effect on both irrigation systems. Higher leaf relative water contents (LRWC) obtained under flood irrigation showed higher accumulation of water supplied through flood system. Similarly, quality attributes (juice extraction, purity %, recovery % cane and sugar yield t/ha) showed superior behavior under flood irrigation than SDI. Flood irrigation system provided net benefits ranging from Rs. 56130-Rs. 82760 / ha while SDI resulted in loss from Rs. 127345 to 157910 / ha. Maximum income benefit was recorded in CSSG-668 variety (Rs. 82760 / ha) and maximum loss in HSF-240 variety (Rs. 157910 / ha) under SDI. SDI helped to save water from 11-18% over flood irrigation system that had no significant contribution in net benefits. This loss may be due to the major problems faced by SDI system that led to blockage, damaged of T-tapes, filtration obstructions due to high ferrous contents in irrigated water, higher initial cost, management, that resulted to net economic loss in sugarcane. Irrigated water was unfit with high ferrous contents that resulted to blockage of T-tapes. SDI saved 18% water as compared to flood irrigation system. It was concluded that SDI is not a superior system of irrigation for sugarcane in developing countries like Pakistan where water is unfit for irrigation. Its high installation cost, breakage and clogging resulted to net economic loss. SDI might be a superior system where water is fit for irrigation, free of ferrous and low installation costs.
Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2010
A severe yellow mosaic disease with a significant disease incidence was observed on bitter gourd ... more A severe yellow mosaic disease with a significant disease incidence was observed on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) during a survey of different locations around Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India in 2008. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using total DNA isolated from infected leaf samples and a pair of begomovirus-specific primers. The expected size (~1300 bp) amplicon was detected from all four symptomatic samples but not from samples of healthy plants, indicating the presence of a begomovirus infection. A PCR amplicon was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession reference EU888908). Basic local alignment search tool analysis revealed the newly derived sequence had the highest identities (99-97%) with Pepper leaf curl Bangladesh virus (PepLCBV) sequences. The phylogenetic analysis of the virus sequences with selected begomovirus sequences also revealed the closest relationship with PepLCBV. These results suggest an association of PepLCBV with yellow mosaic disease of bitter gourd; PepLCBV on bitter gourd (M. charantia) is a new record in India.
A simple and efficient protocol for In vitro direct regeneration of shoot from immature leaf expl... more A simple and efficient protocol for In vitro direct regeneration of shoot from immature leaf explants of sugarcane is reported. Three sugarcane clonal lines, viz., NIA-98, BL4 and NIA-2004 were studied for direct regeneration potential on different concentrations of plant growth regulators. Ten different media were used for direct regeneration studies. The best regeneration was observed on medium containing 4 mg/l IAA+ 1.0mg/lKin + 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D followed by media containing 4 mg/l IAA+ 0.5 mg/l Kin + 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D. The maximum rate of plantlet regeneration was recorded in clone NIA-98 while the minimum was in NIA-2004. Four different shoot elongation medium were used and best elongation rate were observed on medium containing 1.5 mg/l Kin + 1 mg/l NAA. Best root induction was observed when shoots were transferred on to media containing 1mg/l BAP and 60gm /l commercial sugar. The regenerated plants were transferred to jiffy pots and after weaning into the field for evaluation. Development of chlorophyll mutants confirms that direct regeneration cannot maintain genetic fidelity but could be considered as a good source of exploring existing aneuploidy. Agronomic data and SSR study also confirms the variation in the population
Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2019
BioMed Research International, 2017
Soybean, a major legume crop, is the source of vegetable oil and protein. There is a need for tra... more Soybean, a major legume crop, is the source of vegetable oil and protein. There is a need for transgenic approaches to breeding superior soybean varieties to meet future climate challenges. Efficient plant regeneration is a prerequisite for successful application of genetic transformation technology. Soybean cultivars are classified into different maturity groups based on photoperiod requirements. In this study, nine soybean varieties belonging to different maturity group were regenerated successfully from three different explants: half split hypocotyl, complete hypocotyl, and cotyledonary node. All the genotypes and explant types responded by producing adventitious shoots. Shoot induction potential ranged within 60–87%, 50–100%, and 75–100%, and regeneration rate ranged within 4.2–10, 2.7–4.2, and 2.6–10.5 shoots per explant using half split hypocotyl, complete hypocotyl, and cotyledonary explants, respectively, among all the tested genotypes. Bunya variety showed the best regenera...
African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 29, 2010
Prevalence of citrus bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in citrus groves... more Prevalence of citrus bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in citrus groves is the major impediment and limiting factor in successful citrus production. Severity varies among different species, varieties and prevailing climatic conditions. Despite extensive studies on the biology, epidemiology and management of this disease, there is still little known about the role of different biocontrol agents for management of this disease. Traditional management of X. axonopodis pv citri is brought about by chemicals which have become complicated through the development of chemical resistance, and as such, it is hazardous for health. It is necessary to identify the pathotypes of X. axonopodis pv. citri through biochemical and molecular characterization and to determine the role of different biocontrol agents (antibiotics and plant extracts), in order to find out a safer way for controlling citrus canker as disease severity results in defoliation, dieback, premature fruit drop and blemished fruit that consequently decrease fruit production and market value.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, Feb 4, 2011
This review aims to elaborate the potential applications of various biological agents in decontam... more This review aims to elaborate the potential applications of various biological agents in decontamination of agricultural soils, which have been polluted with continuous and higher doses of pesticides through process of biodegradation. Biodegradation is an eco friendly, cost effective, highly efficient approach and can be considered as a superior alternative to physical and chemical methods which are not only technically laborious and costly; also are not sufficient to completely degrade organic toxins. Development of experimental conditions in which all congruent biological agents are applied concurrently may be a promising strategy to enhance biodegradation and subsequently biodegradation. Much work remains to be done in carrying out field studies based on laboratory-scale results/experiments using plant-associated endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria to degrade a wide range of toxic organic compounds of concern in environmental soil before commercially viable systems.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, 2016
This study investigated the integration of Arabidopsis vacuolar H +-pyro-phosphatase (H +-PPase) ... more This study investigated the integration of Arabidopsis vacuolar H +-pyro-phosphatase (H +-PPase) (AVP1) transgene in transgenic sugarcane plants for drought tolerance. The gene integration was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting. Transgene expression was estimated by Western blotting. When sugarcane plants were grown on soil under 50% reduced water supply, the transgenic sugarcane overexpressing AVP1 produced higher shoot biomass based on cane height, number of millable canes, and Brix (%) compared with wild-type. The overexpression of AVP1 in transgenic sugarcane plants increased tolerance to drought stress, as demonstrated by increased relative water content (RWC) and leaf water (Ψ w), osmotic (Ψ s), and turgor potential (Ψ p). Physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (C), and transpiration rate (E) were less affected by water-deficit stress in transgenic AVP1 plants compared with wild-type plants. In conclusion, our results indicated that AVP1 conferred tolerance to drought or water-deficit stress, highlighting potential use of this gene for crop improvement through biotechnological applications.
African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 20, 2010
Two commercial cultivars (CPF-245 and CPF-237) and three advanced lines (CSSG-668, S-2003US633, S... more Two commercial cultivars (CPF-245 and CPF-237) and three advanced lines (CSSG-668, S-2003US633, S-2003US114) of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarium) grown in Punjab, Pakistan were evaluated for their potential to induce callus, embryogenic callus and regeneration. Cultivar CSSG-668 was found to be the best genotype yielding maximum embryogenic callus and regeneration whereas cultivar CPF-245 exhibited lowest callus induction frequency. Five different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L) of the selective agent (geneticin-418) were used to optimize selection conditions with nontransformed embryogenic calli. The geneticin concentration 60 mg/L was found to be the optimal dose to select the embryogenic calli of genotypes CSSG-668, CPF-245 and S-2003US63, while 35 mg/L geneticin was found to be the best concentration for S-2003US-114. Similarly, 60 mg/L geneticin was optimum dose to select regenerated plantlets of the cultivars CSSG-668 and CPF-245 while it was 40, 25 mg/L for the cultivars S-2003US-114 and S-2003US-633, respectively. It is concluded from the present study that geneticin concentration in the range of 25 to 60 mg/L can be effectively used for the selection of transformed embryogenic calli and regenerants of different sugarcane cultivars.
Sugarcane germplasm comprises different phases (Advance and station yield trial) were planted at ... more Sugarcane germplasm comprises different phases (Advance and station yield trial) were planted at the experimental farm of NIA, Tando Jam to evaluate the growth and biotic tolerance performance during September, 2012-13. The selected clones were originated from 09 tissue culture, 7 Canal Point USA, 4 Australia, 3 Barbados and 6 local germplasm sources. Considerable differences for all traits among the advanced lines tested were observed, two clones originated through In vitro mutagenesis showed better performance in term of cane yield as compared to other clones and local checks. In station yield trial only three clones, CSSG-2453, BNIA-87 and soma-clone NIA-1026-P3 produced higher cane yield than the control, Thatta-10. Sugarcane germplasm were evaluated for 09-characters and analyzed for genotypic and phenotypic correlation. These characters revealed that cane yield was associated positively with most of the agronomic traits such as cane height, internodes length and cane thickness. The study of path analysis for yield related traits the highest positive direct effect on cane yield was exerted by cane height. Study of diseases scoring only 05 lines produced disease symptoms.
All acclamation, encomiums and appreciation goes to Almighty "ALLAH", The Magnificent and The Com... more All acclamation, encomiums and appreciation goes to Almighty "ALLAH", The Magnificent and The Compassionate, The Omnipotent Ruler and creator of the universe and the day of repayment, who bestowed upon me. His Endless and Matchless bounties inspite of my all sins. Trembling lips and wet eyes express my profound feeling of gratitude, praise and utmost respect from the core of my heart for The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) who is forever a inspiration of guidance, knowledge and enlightenment for the whole humanity, who overvalued the soul of mankind and taught the humanity to seek knowledge from cradle to grave. With a deep sense of acknowledgement, I would like to extend my extreme appreciation to Dr. Sohail Hameed, Director National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, whose cooperative leadership provided a conducive atmosphere to carry out this task. My sincerest thanks to Dr. Shahid Mansoor, Head Agriculture Biotechnology Division, NIBGE for his amicable behavior and keen interest in my research project. No word of thanks can ever compensate for my overwhelming appreciation and indebtness to my ever affectionate and dynamic supervisor Dr. Shaheen Aftab, who remained throughout with me during the period of this study with her intellectual vigor, dedication and encouraging attitude. Her vigilance and concerns regarding my research work proved instrumental in accomplishment of this task. My deepest and sincerest thanks are due to Dr. M.Y. Asharaf, T.I., Deputy Chief Scientist, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) who instead of his busy schedule, always welcomed me and benefited me with his experienced, critical and skilful directions concerning physiological analyses of transgenic plants. I am also thankful to his assistant Muhammad Farid for helping me in taking physiological data. At this auspicious moment, I would like to acknowledge the keen efforts poured by Dr. Zahid Mukhtar in reviewing this dissertation and brought it to a publishable form. I also acknowledge the sincerest efforts of Mr. Faqir Hussain, NIAB in reviewing my thesis.