Inter J of recycling of organic waste in agriculture (original) (raw)

Papers by Inter J of recycling of organic waste in agriculture

Purpose: The study presents how to develop and optimize a spectral measurement methodology for mo... more Purpose: The study presents how to develop and optimize a spectral measurement methodology for monitoring the composting process of broiler and hen manure using zeolite. Models were set up to determine the pH, electrical conductivity (EC, dS m −1), and moisture content (MC, w/w%) from reflectance data using spectral indices to establish a rapid, noninvasive, non-destructive method for the monitoring of the composting process. Method: An open composting experiment was set up, in which a mixture of broiler and hen manure was composted with a zeolite additive (1 w/w%) for 62 days. During the experiment, samples were taken to determine MC, pH, and EC measured from a 10% distilled water extract. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for the indices to determine the wavelength ranges that could be used to test the material quality of the compost. Results: Spectral index-based monitoring methods were developed. The λ 2115 /λ 1993 index-based estimation model with good performance (RMSE 2.42 m/m%) is suggested to measure the moisture content in composts. The electrical conductivity (RMSE 1.38 dS m −1) and pH (RMSE 0.28 pH) are recommended to monitor with the λ 812 /λ 941 index-based models. Conclusion: Based on the results, identified indices are suitable for determining the physico-chemical parameters of compost, which is of great importance for intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive composting plants, as spectral analyses can replace time-consuming analytical analyses.

Purpose: There is an increasing trend of using sewage sludge co-composting to produce bio-fertili... more Purpose: There is an increasing trend of using sewage sludge co-composting to produce bio-fertilizers for use in agriculture. However, existing studies on the quality of the produced compost came out with contradicting results, which hinder its sustainable utilization. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the quality of sludge based compost for agricultural use. Method: Four treatments, T1 (70% sludge, 15.3% wheat straw and 14.7% cattle manure), T2 (50% sludge, 14.8% wheat straw and 35.2% cattle manure), T3 (30% sludge, 20% wheat straw and 50% cattle manure) and T4 (20% sludge, 14.2% wheat straw and 65.8% cattle manure) having three replications were arranged in a randomized complete design. Matured compost samples, composted for 90 days, were analyzed for nutrient contents, pathogens and heavy metals concentration. Results: The nitrogen content of the produced compost was in the range of 1.74-2.0%, which is higher than the recommended 0.3%. It was significantly higher in the T1 treatment, a 0.24% increase compared to the T4 treatment. However, the phosphorous (202 − 222 ppm) and potassium (1801 − 2357 ppm) contents were classified into the very low category. Both elements were higher in the T4 treatment, a 9.9% and 31% increase, respectively as compared to that of T1. Furthermore, all treatments were free of the major disease causing bacteria and characterized by a very low heavy metal concentration. Conclusion: Overall, municipal sludge co-composting has yielded a bio-fertilizer with both pathogen-free and safe levels of heavy metal concentrations. However, further research is required to enhance the poor phosphorous and potassium contents.

Purpose: This work was aimed to exploit the technique of design of experiments to evaluate the ol... more Purpose: This work was aimed to exploit the technique of design of experiments to evaluate the olive mill waste cake residue obtained after oil extraction while searching for an adequate composition of the initial substrate mixtures (RPM, DMOV, FV and EB for humidification), in addition to validate it experimentally. Method: To this end, a mixture design using an efficient experiment methodology was constructed, with the aim of optimizing three responses of interest: pH, humidity, and organic matter of the 25 formulations. Results: The optimal composition was comprised of organic and green household waste (56.7%), olive mill waste cake residues (21.7%) and poultry droppings (21.7%). These analyses were followed by the evolution of some physio-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, organic matter, C/N ratio and polyphenols until they are stabilized. In addition, using spectroscopic analysis, maturation and phytotoxicity tests were carried out on the germinating cress. Conclusion: The results of this research indicated the achievement of an ideal composition of an adequate mixture that had the characteristics of an organic amendment, non-phytotoxic and in conformity with the NFU-44-051 that led to mature compost.

Purpose: With the constant increase in food demand, agriculture became the second-highest waste-g... more Purpose: With the constant increase in food demand, agriculture became the second-highest waste-generating industry. Crop residues and wastewater from livestock farming are the major contributors and irrational disposal of them has a serious impact on ecosystems as well as human health. In this study, corncob as agriculture waste was used as a treatment agent, after converting it to biochar that adsorbs ammonia nitrogen in swine wastewater. Method: The biochar was prepared by pyrolysis at two different temperatures 350°C and 450°C. The physical properties of the biochar were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The ammonia adsorption capacities and removal efficiencies of the two biochars were investigated using batch experiments by changing the pH of the wastewater solution as well as the contact time. Results: The highest ammonia removal efficiency of 83.98% was recorded at 450°C after 90 min of contact time under alkaline pH (12) wastewater conditions whereas the lowest removal efficiency of 34.64% was obtained for 350°C after 30 min exposure to wastewater at normal pH (7.32) condition. Conclusion: This study contributed to the ongoing research on the potential of feedstock-derived biochar to remove pollutants from wastewater.

Purpose: It is known that the combination of bioprocesses can contribute to obtaining better resu... more Purpose: It is known that the combination of bioprocesses can contribute to obtaining better results compared to those achieved by applying each process individually. Solid state fermentation of Vitis labrusca grape pomace was carried out using different saprotrophic fungi following a vermicomposting process. Method: A palatability test was performed to evaluate the permanence of Eisenia foetida adults on pomace transformed by fungi. Subsequently, pomace treated with Ulocladium botrytis LPSc 813 was vermicomposted for 90 days to evaluate comparatively the earthworm population dynamics and different physio-chemical and biological parameters with respect to control treatment. Results: The pomace treated with Coriolopsis rigida LPSc 232 and U. botrytis showed a 100% permanence of the earthworms, though only this last fungus was able to modify the acidity of the parent grape pomace (pH 7.66 ± 0.84) without increasing its salinity. The combination of U. botrytis-vermicomposting showed a reduction in the adult and juvenile earthworm number at 60 days and presented a higher germination index compared to the control. Conclusion: Results suggest that grape pomace pretreated with U. botrytis could be an optimal starting substrate for vermicomposting, obtaining an organic fertilizer in a short period.

Purpose: Poultry manure (PM) is a concern for Bangladesh. The improvement of quality and safety i... more Purpose: Poultry manure (PM) is a concern for Bangladesh. The improvement of quality and safety is always desirable. The experiment assesses the quality and safety parameters of PM with the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and indigenous microorganisms (IMO) in different fermentation conditions (aerobic, facultative anaerobic, and anaerobic) for 7 days. Method: Fermentation condition × treatment factorial analyses were performed to explore their effect on the quality and safety of PM. The organoleptic quality (color, smell, and texture), pH, nutritional components (organic matter, crude fiber, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract), in-vitro organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, mineral contents (phosphorus, potassium, sulfur), heavy metals (lead, copper), and microbial properties (total coliform count, E-coli, Salmonella) of fermented PM at 0, 3, 5, and 7 days were evaluated. Results: All parameters of the different treatments in different fermentation conditions changed significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing the fermentation time. All parameters were found desirable in 10% IMO treated PM. Organoleptic parameters (color, smell, and texture) were satisfactory in aerobic fermentation but other parameters were acceptable in anaerobic fermentation conditions. pH was dropped significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing the duration. Conclusion: To summarize all properties, it could be noted that the quality and safety of PM were improved after 7 days of fermentation with a fermentation mixture of PM (90%) and molasses (10%) inoculating 10% IMO under an anaerobic condition which could be used for animal feeding.

Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the tillage system and consecutive... more Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the tillage system and consecutive application of swine slurry for seven years on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundance and infective propagules in Brazilian soil with crop rotation. Method: The spore density, the external mycelium, and the most probable number of infective propagules of mycorrhizal fungal abundance were assessed in soil samples from an Oxisol in a long-term field experiment in response to soil management (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and following successive application of swine slurry (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 m 3 •ha −1 •year −1). Results: A greater amount of external mycelium was observed in soil under no-tillage, while mycorrhizal fungal abundance spore density was greater in soil under conventional tillage. In soil under no-tillage, mycorrhizal fungal abundance infective propagules were more abundant; however, in soil with both management systems, this variable was reduced with different levels of swine slurry application. In no-tillage, the main source of mycorrhizal fungal abundance propagules is the external mycelium, while in conventional tillage, the main inoculum component is the spores. Conclusion: In this study, we verified that the application of swine slurry, with high phosphorus contents, reduces arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagules. However, these effects are mitigated in no-tillage systems compared to conventional tillage.

Purpose: In this study, we aim to investigate the suitability of five samples of compost extracte... more Purpose: In this study, we aim to investigate the suitability of five samples of compost extracted at various concentrations by testing for their phytotoxic response on Lactuca sativa L. We analyze relevant parameters with regards to the quality of the compost. By doing this, we hope to contribute to the attainability of clean, high-value organic fertilizer from local food waste production. Method: We set up a mini composting pilot where raw materials were classified, chopped into bits, and finally mixed. They include residues of Solanum tuberosum (potatoes), Zea mays (corn), Musa Paradisiaca (bananas), Allium cepa (onions), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Daucus carota (carrots), Solanum lycopersicum (tomatoes), as well as fruits such as Passiflora edulis (passion fruit), Carica papaya (papaya). Composting was run over a period of 90 days. We then measured several bromatological analyses of compost. For phytotoxicity tests of compost relative seed germination (RSG), relative radicle growth (RRG) and Germination Index GI on L. sativa were measured. Results: The prepared compost showed the following parameters: pH (8.6), OM (21.4%), C/N (11.59), EC (7.24 dS/m), Total N (1.72%), P (325.6 ppm), Al (0.1 cmol.kg −1) K (41 cmol.kg −1), Ca (8.12 cmol.kg −1), Mg (5.62 cmol.kg −1), Na (0.76 cmol.kg −1). Minor elements appeared in acceptable ranges, and do not pose any risk. Besides, the compost showed a germination rate of 112.6% on L. sativa, which allowed us to validate its high maturity. Conclusion: The compost produced stands out for its quality and efficiency, due to its low phytotoxicity, specific mixture of the materials and the processing method. The mature compost produced represents a valuable material for the acidic and nutrient-poor soils of the Colombian Piedmont.

Purpose: Utilization of waste oil palm empty fruit bunches as an ameliorant in the form of biocha... more Purpose: Utilization of waste oil palm empty fruit bunches as an ameliorant in the form of biochar enriched with chicken manure and urea fertilizer to increase the fertility of immature (seedling) oil palm planted on peat soil which has poor soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Methods: Biochar material, namely empty fruit bunches, was subjected to conventional pyrolysis for 3, 4 and 5 hours at a temperature of 400°C. Then the biochar is weighed to get the desired proportion of biochar then sieved through a 60 mesh sieve.nd analyzed for pH, ash content, organic-C, total-N, total-P, total-K, as well as biochar functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and structural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The implementation of the research consisted of 2 activities, namely 1) Planting oil palm seedlings in polybags by giving treatment according to the dose and 2) Chemical characterization of biochar, peat soil properties and growth and NPK uptake of oil palm seedlings. Results: Bs1 treatment: (Biochar oil palm empty fruit bunches: chicken manure:urea by (280g:555g:90g) increased plant height to 213%, 36% number of leaves, 49.7% soil total N, 16.2% available P, and 35% available K compared to control. Conclusion: Palm oil waste in the form of empty bunches of biochar, has special properties such as porous structure, relatively large surface area with various functional groups, hence it has the potential as an ameliorant to increase marginal soil fertility including peat and increase plant growth of oil palm seedlings.

Purpose: Co-composting of mango by-products and biogas solid residue eliminates some shortcomings... more Purpose: Co-composting of mango by-products and biogas solid residue eliminates some shortcomings of composting
these wastes separately. Specifically, co-composing solves the problem of the low pH values in mango by-products while
enhances biodegradable organic matter of biogas solid residues. However, no research report is available on co-composting
of mango by-products (MB) and biogas solid residue (BR).
Method: This study established three in-vessel lab-scale composting bins with 3 different C/N ratios, including Bin 1:
27.4/1 (156 kg MB + 144 kg BR); Bin 2: 30.23/1 (193 kg MB + 107 kg BR); and Bin 3: 37.7/1 (224 kg MB + 76 kg
BR). The raw compost materials underwent 57 days of incubation, including 36 days of raw incubation and 21 days of
mineralization.
Results: Bin 3 containing larger amounts of mango by-products and less amounts of biogas residue showed a higher
percentage of remaining carbon in the final products (17.97%), lower nitrogen loss (17%), and showed 0.5% increase in
available P2O5 content, compared to the other bins. From 300 kg of initial raw material, the final compost mass in Bin 1,
Bin 2, and Bin 3 were 26.2 kg, 32.7 kg, and 88.1 kg, respectively.
Conclusion: Resultantly, an initial C/N ratio of 37.7/1 could be suggested in the aerobic co-composting of biogas residue
with mango by-products

OICC PRESS, 2024

Purpose: Solid organic waste is a major environmental issue in various parts of the world. Proper... more Purpose: Solid organic waste is a major environmental issue in various parts of the world. Proper management techniques for disposing of such wastes can reduce health issues as well as contamination of the environment. Modern scientific techniques in conjugation with traditional practices can manage biowaste in an efficient, economical, and sustainable manner. This present review highlights the possibilities of utilizing biowastes from various sources for the enhancement of soil fertility, residue management, crop growth and higher yields. Methodology: The article is prepared from secondary materials i.e. research and review articles published in different journals. The review of literature from these articles in terms of soil quality, salinity, impact of salinity on crop production and possibilities to reclamate saline soil to improve productivity of soil were systematically carried out. A summary of the present work was developed using the following approach. Result: Various management practices, in-situ and ex-situ techniques help reduce biowastes and transform them into useful nutrients that could be applied to soil for alleviating the nutritional deficiency in saline/sodic soil. Composting using microbes and earthworms has been traditionally practiced for reducing/converting waste into compost and applying them to agricultural fields to improve soil fertility and crop productivity. Conclusion: Using waste management techniques and converting biowaste into manure for enhancing agricultural productivity provides sustainable agriculture practices in addition to pollution reduction.

Purpose: Exploring alternatives to mitigate soil degradation has been gaining importance in recen... more Purpose: Exploring alternatives to mitigate soil degradation has been gaining importance in recent years. Biochar promises to improve properties such as soil fertility and soil conditioning. This research involved an experiment with different levels of biochar in associating it with some chemical properties and the wood yield of A. mangium. Method: We used a design including nine treatments and three repetitions of each treatment, employing two materials: biochar from Acacia mangium W. (BAM) and synthetic fertilizer (SF). We used a Bayesian principal component analysis to reduce dimensionality, and the two extracted dimensions were labeled by treatment to visualize their grouping. We validated the grouping using cluster analysis algorithms. Volume in wood was used as the response, and the same soil variables were used to run a regression by partial least squares where the explanatory variables were characterized by relative importance. Result: We found an increase in the different chemical variables of the soil analyzed in treatments with BAM and BAM + SF and an increase in the volume of the stem of the trees in treatments with BAM + SF. The analysis by partial least squares showed how the EC and SOC variables were the most important in explaining the volume of wood. Conclusion: Responses of the different variables analyzed increased with the addition of biochar, either alone or mixed with synthetic fertilizer. It was also possible to determine that the volume of A. mangium wood was inuenced by soil chemical variables.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of vermicompost leachate on the growth and w... more Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of vermicompost leachate on the growth and water use of tomatoes in an unequal distribution of salinity in a hydroponic system. Method: Roots of tomato seedlings were separated into approximately two equal parts, each half was grown in a media culture part containing a 3-liter perlite and cocopeat mixture of a separated two-part box. The nutrient solution, irrigation water, and vermicompost leachate were applied for the irrigation of treatments according to the statistical design. Results: The results showed that the treatment in which the nutrient solution was used for one side of root media culture and the leachate with the salinity of 4 dS/m on the other side had an acceptable amount of dry and fresh weight and increased crop per drop. Conclusion: The results showed that the unequal distribution of salinity in the root media culture is an applicable technique for using vermicompost leachate although the success of this system is strongly dependent on the leachate correction.

Purpose: The current study aimed to gure out the types and dosages of bio-composts supplied with... more Purpose: The current study aimed to gure out the types and dosages of bio-composts supplied with cellulose degrading Trichoderma strains for ameliorating soil properties, and the growth and yield of pineapple. Method: The experiment with two factors followed a completely randomized block design, including 20 treatments (4 replications). The rst factor (A) was the types of bio-composts inoculated with different Trichoderma spp., which were (i) the bio-compost supplied with the commercial Trichoderma (the Trichoderma of Can Tho University) as the positive control treatment, and the bio-compost supplied with Trichoderma strains of (ii) TC1 (TC1 bio-compost), (iii) TC2 (TC2 bio-compost), (iv) TC3 (TC3 bio-compost), and (v) TC1, TC2, and TC3 (TC123 bio-compost). The second factor (B) was rates of bio-compost used (t ha −1) as follows: (i) 1, (ii) 2, (iii) 3, and (iv) 4. Results: The application of TC123 bio-compost at 4 t ha −1 contributed to the greatest available N, soluble P, concentrations, and N, P, and K uptake values. The treatments with the TC123 bio-compost correspondingly increased plant height, leaf number, D-leaf length, peduncle height, fruit length, and fruit width by 1.9, 31.8, 16.7, 5.4, 7.8, and 12.1%, in comparison with the treatments with the positive control. The TC123 bio-compost fertilization increased fruit size, resulting in enhanced pineapple yield by 9.80% in comparison with the commercial bio-compost fertilization. Conclusion: The TC123 bio-compost surpassed the commercial one in enhancing the characteristics of pineapples (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr). At 4 t.ha −1 , this bio-compost performed the greatest.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential of actinomycetes in mitigating the environ... more Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential of actinomycetes in mitigating the environmental impact of olive mill wastewaters (OMWW) on plant-soil system. The objectives were to investigate the impacts of varying doses of OMWW on soil microora, and to analyze the enzymatic prole of a selected group of isolated actinomycetes. Method: A physico-chemical characterization of soil parameters and OMWW was conducted. Microbiological analysis of OMWW was carried out to determine the presence of total aerobic mesophilic ora (FMAT), yeasts, and molds. An interaction study between different doses of OMWW and three varieties of mint (Mentha aquatica, Mentha piperita, and Mentha pulegium) was conducted over a 120-day period. Results: Analysis revealed that OMWW contained high levels of organic matter and mineral salts, resulting in elevated chemical oxygen demand and salinity. Application of OMWW at a dose of 5 L/m 2 enhanced soil microora, but this effect diminished beyond this dose, except for actinomycetes, which remained resilient even at 10 L/m 2. Enzymatic prole analysis of isolated actinomycetes indicated that the most competent strains were present in plots irrigated with 5 L/m 2 and 10 L/m 2 of OMWW, in combination with Mentha piperita and Mentha pulegium cultivation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of actinomycetes in addressing to meet the challenges inicted by OMWW. Optimizing OMWW dosage can positively inuence soil microora, where actinomycetes exhibiting remarkable resilience at higher doses. These results contribute to understanding the use of microorganisms for olive oil industry waste management, in order to offer practical solutions to mitigate OMWW environmental impact.

Purpose: The study examines the efcacy of using recycled abattoir waste fertilizer as a sustaina... more Purpose: The study examines the efcacy of using recycled abattoir waste fertilizer as a sustainable nutrient input for crop Production. Method: Two pot experiments were set up in a controlled environment room to examine biomass yields of ryegrass (Lolium perenne AberMagic), grain yields of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum KWS Cochise), and their micro and macronutrient uptakes, respectively, in an abattoir waste organomineral fertilizer amended soil compared to those treated with inorganic NPK fertilizer.

Purpose: Vermicomposting of phenolics-rich lignocellulosic materials takes a long time to reach m... more Purpose: Vermicomposting of phenolics-rich lignocellulosic materials takes a long time to reach maturity, while worm mortality and weight loss are often encountered. Phenolic compounds have antimicrobial properties which may affect the vermicomposting process. The present study aims at investigating the effect of the initial total phenolic content (TPC) on coir pith vermicomposting. Method: The earthworm activities and performance during vermicomposting of coir pith and cow manure containing 4.8 (T 0), 6.4 (T 1), 7.2 (T 2), 8.8 (T 3), 10.3 (T 4) and 12.7 (T 5) mg initial TPC g −1 substrate using Eudrilus eugeniae were investigated. Results: Total carbon loss increased as initial TPC increased and only T 0 and T 1 reached maturity. Earthworm mortality and weight loss increased as initial TPC of materials increased in a concentration dependent manner. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that the total numbers of water-soluble phenolics of coir pith and cow manure were, respectively, 17 and 16 out of which 5 and 4 were unique to coir pith and cow manure, respectively. By the end of vermicomposting, almost all of phenolics present in cow manure disappeared while those in coir pith remained intact, albeit, reduced in concentrations. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid were detected in all treatments. Disappearance of 4.90 and 6.35 minute-peaks was observed with T 0 , T 1 and T 2 whilst a new phenolic (5.30 minute-peak) was detected only in T 1 indicating the better degradation of phenolic compounds. Conclusion: Results indicated a signicant role of initial TPC on earthworm activities during coir pith vermicomposting.

Purpose: In the current study, the effects of compost, natural, and synthetic superabsorbent amen... more Purpose: In the current study, the effects of compost, natural, and synthetic superabsorbent amendments on soil water retention curve (WRC) were assessed by applying RETC software in a laboratory trial. Moreover, the effects of the mentioned materials on vegetation growth indices of four plants in three different soil textures of urban green space were evaluated. Method: Using the randomized complete blocks-based split-plot design, the eld experiment was conducted for a two-year period. The three soil textures were combined with 4 & 6 gr/kg hydrogel, as well as pumice, compost, manure, and perlite at 40 & 60 gr/kg levels. Results: According to WRC ndings, there was more efciency associated with hydrogel in sandy loam and loam soils compared to clay soil. Moreover, increased permanent wilting point water content (θ pwp), saturated water content (θ S), as well as available water (AW) were observed. Statistical analyses indicated a considerable difference in growth indices using perlite+compost in clay soil. Compared with the control soil, a 2.4-time enhancement of AW was observed in loam soil using Pumice+ Hydrogel. A signicant growth indices difference was also found for loam soil using pumice+hydrogel. According to WRC results, the highest treatment rate was attributed to compost+hydrogel in sandy loam soils, which led to a 3.3-time enhancement of AW. Conclusion: Statistical analyses revealed that compost+hydrogel could lead to the best treatment on growth indices in sandy loam textures.

OICC PRESS, 2024