Dr. K R Anilakumar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. K R Anilakumar
Georgian medical news, 2023
Zingiber officinale belonging to Zingiberaceae family is used worldwide as a cooking spice, condi... more Zingiber officinale belonging to Zingiberaceae family is used worldwide as a cooking spice, condiment and herbal remedy. This study was taken up to investigate the anxiolytic activity of alcohol and water extracts of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale.in mice, by behavioral tests like elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) which will serve as the basis for assessing anxiolytic effect. Three doses viz. 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt. of 70% ethanol and water extracts were administered; i.p. to mice one hour before carrying out the tests. Diazepam (1 mg/kg body wt.) was taken as the standard anxiolytic drug. The animals administered with extracts at the levels of 200 and 400mg/kg body wt. Diazepam showed a significant increase in the time spent and total entries in the open arms of the EPM and increase in locomotor activity in OFT. However, extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight demonstrated significant increase in the time spent in the centre of the field. The results...
Biomedicine & Aging Pathology, 2013
Abstract Exposure to aluminium, though toxic in various ways is unavoidable owing to the abundant... more Abstract Exposure to aluminium, though toxic in various ways is unavoidable owing to the abundant presence and use of aluminium in everyday living. Also, the fact that aluminium toxicity can lead to serious, life-threatening complications provides compelling reasons to find novel and effective therapeutic interventions. A distinct feature of aluminium toxicity is its ability to create pro-oxidant environment. The present study investigates the effectiveness of the anti-oxidant property of Lactuca sativa as a neuroprotective agent against aluminium induced neurotoxicity. The lyophilized hydro-ethanol extract of Lactuca sativa (LS) was reconstituted in water and administered orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight to mice for a period of 30 days. Aluminium chloride was injected intraperitonially at a conc. of 10 mg/kg body weight. Behavioral tests viz., novel object recognition and open field test were performed to assess the exploratory behavior of mice. Biochemical parameters including lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, ROS, LDH, glutathione, catalase and acetylcholinesterase activity was assayed in the plasma and brain homogenates. Administration of the plant extract significantly improved the exploratory behavior of mice and also attenuated oxidative stress and decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity. Hence, we report a significant recoupment in the blood and biochemical parameters with the treatment of Lactuca sativa extract against aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity.
Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 2013
To study anxiolytic property of hydro alchohol extract and to estimate polyphenols present in the... more To study anxiolytic property of hydro alchohol extract and to estimate polyphenols present in the extract by HPLC. To evaluate anxiolytic property two animal models were used viz. Elevated T maze and hyponeophagia. Diazepam (1 mg/kg body wt.) served as the standard anxiolytic agent for all the tests. The dried extract of the plant leaf in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was administered orally to mice for duration of 15 or 30 days and locomotor and anxiolytic activities were performed. Polyphenols was estimated using HPLC. The HPLC analysis of the polyphenols revealed the presence chlorogenic acid, vanillin, epicatechin, caffeic acid, rutin hydrate, sinapic acid, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, p-coumeric acid and quercitin. Time spent and number of entries into the open arm was improved in 30 days treated animals than that of 15 days treated groups, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight treated group showed significant results when comparing with the control group. The hydro alcohol ex...
International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2012
Background: Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) is an annual herb belonging to the Apiaceae family,... more Background: Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) is an annual herb belonging to the Apiaceae family, used for medicinal purposes. Objective: To investigate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from Coriandrum sativum leaves on the exploratory behaviour pattern and locomotor activity of mice. Materials and Methods: Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were the screening tests used to assess the anxiolytic activity of , the extracts on mice. Diazepam (1 mg / kg) served as the standard anxiolytic agent. The animal receiving extracts or diazepam showed an increase in the time spent, total entries in the open arm of the EPM and increased total locomotion in the OFT, suggesting anxiolytic activity. Results: The crude dried extract was prepared in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg body weight and administered intraperitoneally to the mice, for evaluation of the anxiolytic activity. The 200 and 400 mg / kg body weight produced highly significant (P < 0.01) anxiolytic effects, in a dose-dependent manner, by increasing the time spent on and the number of entries into the open arms of the EPM and by an increase in the locomotion by mice in the OFT. Furthermore, in lower doses the extract did not affect the locomotor activity. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the leaf extract of the plant exerted an anti-anxiety effect on mice in the elevated plus maze and open field test.
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2018
Effect of addition of multigrain premix (MGP) prepared using a combination of cereals, pulses and... more Effect of addition of multigrain premix (MGP) prepared using a combination of cereals, pulses and oilseeds at 40% level, on nutritional properties of multigrain biscuit, its in-vitro and in-vivo protein digestibility and protein profiling were studied. The incorporation of MGP significantly increased the protein content (from 7.37 to 16.61%), insoluble dietary fiber (from 1.71 to 6.67%), soluble dietary fiber (from 0.46 to 2.42%). The significant increase in the levels of isoleucine (ND-34.79%), methionine (0.04 to 7.65%), tryptophan (0.22 to 5.95%) valine (0.38 to 16.58%), lysine (0.36 to 7.32%), and threonine (0.51 to 7.2%) was observed, whereas fatty acid profile of MGP incorporated biscuits showed increased polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids. The vitamin-mineral profile of MGP incorporated biscuits showed increased the thiamin (0.07-0.21 mg/ 100 g), riboflavin (0.09-0.28 mg/100 g), calcium (12.89-45.28 mg/100 g) and iron (1.13-3.47 mg/100 g) contents. The in-vitro protein digesibility of multigrain and control biscuits indicated that the proteins present in multigrain biscuits had high digestibility (71.73%) as compared to control biscuit (38.13%). The in-vivo studies indicated that, the protein quality of multigrain biscuits was comparable with casein protein with high protein efficiency ratio of 3.02. The electrophoretic pattern of multigrain biscuits showed subunit molecular weight distribution of different protein units and aggregation of protein bands at high molecular weight region of 85 to 166 kD. The outcome of the study indicated the possibility of utilising MGP to improve the overall nutritional quality of biscuits. Keywords Multigrain biscuit Á Amino acid profile Á Fatty acid profile Á In-vitro protein digestibility Á In-vivo protein digestibility Á SDS-PAGE
life science journal, 2020
Motion sickness is an ancient problem associated with transportation (ships and other vehicles), ... more Motion sickness is an ancient problem associated with transportation (ships and other vehicles), which is affecting humans since ages. Motion sickness is characteristically occurring during abnormal movements induced by the motion and when there is a conflict between various senses such as visual, vestibular and motor system. Depending on the type of motion, various kinds of sicknesses, such as air sickness, car sickness, train sickness, seasickness, etc. may occur. A very less per cent of individuals are highly susceptible to motion sickness and very less per cent of individuals are highly insusceptible for motion sickness. However, most of the population comes in between. The primary symptoms of motion sickness include nausea, vomiting, wanes, and cold sweating. Varieties of drugs are available to reduce susceptibility to motion sickness. However, nausea, pallor, sweating, headache, dizziness, malaise, increased salivation, apathy, drowsiness, belching, hyperventilation and stomac...
International Journal of Phytomedicine, 2012
Piper betel L. is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family. This study was aimed at ... more Piper betel L. is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family. This study was aimed at investigating the biomolecule protective, in vitro antioxidant and anti-anxiety properties. The hydro-alcohol extract was examined for radical scavenging ability against 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radicals, metal cheating inhibition, DNA and protein damage protection assay, anti lipid peroxidation, reducing power and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities. The tests employed for anti-anxiety property are open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze test (EPM) conducted in mice. The IC 50 values for metal chelating power, ABTS radical scavenging, NO scavenging and in vitro lipid peroxidation were 272.3µg ml-1,343.3µg ml-1, 309.1µg ml-1 and 146.3µg ml-1 respectively. The plant extract provided protection against DNA and protein damage and this was comparable to gallic acid, the standard. The animals receivi...
Scientific Reports, 2020
Wild mushroom foraging involves a high risk of unintentional consumption of poisonous mushrooms w... more Wild mushroom foraging involves a high risk of unintentional consumption of poisonous mushrooms which is a serious health concern. This problem arises due to the close morphological resemblances of toxic mushrooms with edible ones. The genus Inocybe comprises both edible and poisonous species and it is therefore important to differentiate them. Knowledge about their chemical nature will unambiguously determine their edibility and aid in an effective treatment in case of poisonings. In the present study, the presence of volatile toxic metabolites was verified in Inocybe virosa by gas chromatography. Methyl palmitate, phenol, 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl) and phytol were the identified compounds with suspected toxicity. The presence of the toxin muscarine was confirmed by liquid chromatography. The in vitro study showed that there was negligible effect of the digestion process on muscarine content or its toxicity. Therefore, the role of muscarine in the toxicity of Inocybe virosa was s...
Journal of food science and technology, 2018
The human body on exposure to high-altitude, undergoes many physiological challenges. The cardiop... more The human body on exposure to high-altitude, undergoes many physiological challenges. The cardiopulmonary reserves are favoured against the digestive system. Hence, the efficiency of digestion is compromised to a great extent, which leads to anorexia, hypophagia, epigastralgia, dyspepsia, nausea, and peptic ulcers. The present study was focused on in vitro digestive influence of selected food ingredients viz. cardamom, carom, cumin, coriander, fennel, fenugreek, ginger, pepper, star anise, turmeric, papaya, orange, pineapple, liquorice, valerian, and tarragon on the activities of digestive enzymes of rat pancreas, duodenum, and small intestine. In-vitro antioxidant activities of the above food ingredients were also carried out with respect to their radical scavenging activity against DPPH, NO, and ferrous reducing antioxidant power. All the studied food ingredients showed a comparative range of free radical scavenging activity. Further, pineapple has shown enhanced enzymatic activit...
Defence Life Science Journal, 2017
'chronic' is used to indicate the time interval which ranges over weeks and months. However long ... more 'chronic' is used to indicate the time interval which ranges over weeks and months. However long term adaptation to hypoxia has been studied in human populations in Himalayas, Ethiopian and Andes over generation 9. According to Best and Taylor 10 hypoxia is classified into four main type's i.e., Hypoxic hypoxia, anemic hypoxia, stagnant hypoxia and histotoxic hypoxia as shown in Fig. 4.
Defence Life Science Journal, 2017
Value addition to foods may be done by several ways. It could be done by the use of preservative,... more Value addition to foods may be done by several ways. It could be done by the use of preservative, food ingredients capable of eliciting functionalities and by fortification using micronutrients. There are novel and emerging food processing technologies that are possible to preserve the ingredients in the food intact. The shelf life enhancement of the processed food can be done by adapting newer packaging technologies. Food processing industries in many of the countries across the world generates huge quantity of by-products that can be put into use by value addition. These by-products have less use and create considerable environmental pollution. The by-products of the fruits, vegetables, etc. may be used for value addition adapting commercially viable approaches. Fermented foods are value added foods that could be developed using novel starters. It is also important to note the regulatory aspects of foods whenever the foods are preserved b y value addition
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 2017
Stress and emotion are associated with several illnesses from headaches to heart diseases and imm... more Stress and emotion are associated with several illnesses from headaches to heart diseases and immune deficiencies to central nervous system. Terminalia arjuna has been referred as traditional Indian medicine for several ailments. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of T. arjuna bark extract (TA) against picrotoxin-induced anxiety. Forty two male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n = 7): control, diazepam (1.5 mg•kg-1), picrotoxin (1 mg•kg-1) and three TA treatemt groups (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). Behavioral paradigms and PCR studies were performed to determine the effect of TA against picrotoxin-induced anxiety. The results showed that TA supplementation increased locomotion towards open arm (EPM) and illuminated area (light-dark box test), and increased rearing frequency (open field test) in a dose dependent manner, compared to picrotoxin (P < 0.05). Furthermore, TA increased number of licks and shocks in Vogel's conflict. PCR studies showed an up-regulation of several genes, such as BDNF, IP 3 , D 2 L, CREB, GABA A , SOD, GPx, and GR in TA administered groups. In conclusion, alcoholic extract of TA bark showed protective activity against picrotoxin in mice by modulation of genes related to synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitters, and antioxidant enzymes.
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2015
Background: Folk medicine has taken an important place especially in developing countries where l... more Background: Folk medicine has taken an important place especially in developing countries where limited health services are available. However, the absence of scientific evaluation of medicinal plants may cause serious adverse effects. Objective: To analyze the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extracts of leaves of Annona muricata using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Materials and methods: GC-MS Analysis was used. Results: The GC-MS Analysis revealed 25 constituents of which 12 of the compounds were identified. The major constituents were two unidentified compounds with percentage peak areas of 23.51% and 16.8%. Of the identified compounds, the outstanding in composition were 7-Tetradecenal, (Z) (peak area 9.39%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (peak area 7.12%), Oleyl Alcohol (peak area 6.15%), Phytol (peak area 5.61%), cis, cis, cis-7,10,13-Hexadecatrienal (peak area 4.26%), 2-Pentadecanol (peak area 3.93%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (peak area 3.21%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl octyl ester (peak area 2.67%), and 1,E-11,Z-13-Octadecatriene (peak area 2.15%), while the rest had less than 2% composition by peak area. Conclusion: The current study suggests that ethanolic extracts of leaves of Annona muricata are a potent therapeutic agent and paves the way for the development of several treatment regimens based on compounds from this extract.
Indian journal of experimental biology, 2007
The effect of prefeeding of dehydrated E. officinalis (amla) powder at 5 and 10% levels on hexach... more The effect of prefeeding of dehydrated E. officinalis (amla) powder at 5 and 10% levels on hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-induced changes in multicomponent antioxidant system and lipid peroxides in rat liver was studied. HCH induced significant elevation in hepatic malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and hydroperoxides. The prefeeding of amla at 10% level could decrease the formation of these lipid peroxides significantly. The HCH abuse resulted in a significant reduction in hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities with an elevation in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). On the other hand, the HCH-induced impairment in hepatic catalase, G-6-PDH and SOD activities were modulated by amla at the 10% level of intake. Prefeeding of amla at 5 and 10% levels appeared to reduce the HCH-induced raise in renal GGT activity. The results show the elevation of hepatic a...
Indian journal of experimental biology, 2004
Effect of prefeeding dehydrated amaranth (A. gangeticus) leaves at 10 and 20% levels on a chemica... more Effect of prefeeding dehydrated amaranth (A. gangeticus) leaves at 10 and 20% levels on a chemical toxicant, dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced free radical stress in rat liver was evaluated. DMH-induced rise in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), was diminished by AL. AL intake resulted in a significant increase in hepatic glutathione (GSH). The feeding of AL at 10% level increased the hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity, while that at 20% level increased the hepatic glutathione reductase (GSSGR) as well, in addition to G-6-PDH. Amaranth leaves at 10 and 20% levels of feeding diminished the hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. DMH influenced adversely the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities. Simultaneous administration of DMH and feeding of AL enhanced the DMH-induced decrease in hepatic GSH-Px. DMH enhanced formation of micronuclei was reverted significantly by AL intake. Hence, it was concluded that the consumption of AL ...
Indian journal of experimental biology, 2001
Effects of photodynamic treatments on inherent antioxidant metabolites and cellular defence enzym... more Effects of photodynamic treatments on inherent antioxidant metabolites and cellular defence enzymes have been investigated in rats. Wistar rats were grouped into untreated controls, light controls, hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) (treated with 5 and 10 mg Hpd/kg body weight and kept in dark) and sets treated with both Hpd and red light (dose 172 and 344 j/m2 ). After 2, 24, 48 and 72 hr of Hpd injection the rats sacrificed, livers quickly excised to analyze Hpd uptake, activities of enzymes like catalase, GSH-Px and antioxidants like GSH, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C. The results showed that the loss of Hpd from liver as a function of post- injection time was non- linear. An increased generation of lipid radicals was observed in the groups treated with 5 mg Hpd and higher dose of light and in groups treated with 10 mg Hpd at both the doses of light. Combination of light and Hpd reduced hepatic GSH content with a concomitant reduction in GSH-Px. At higher doses of Hpd and ligh...
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1998
The effect of feeding a fresh garlic or garlic oil-supplemented diet was studied in rats for a pe... more The effect of feeding a fresh garlic or garlic oil-supplemented diet was studied in rats for a period of 23 weeks with or without the treatment of a carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM), on the modulation of detoxification enzymes and micronuclei formation. The results showed that feeding fresh garlic or garlic oil-supplemented diets tended to reduce hepatic lipid peroxidation, though not to significant levels. Glutathione content was also not altered. The catalase activity in liver of rats fed a fresh garlic-supplemented diet was reduced compared to that of the control diet; however, the activity was not affected by AOM treatment. Ingestion of garlic caused a 40 percent increase in the hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, whereas carcinogen treatment reduced it. The activity of hepatic glutathione-S-transferase was unaffected by the feeding regimen, while it was lowered in the garlic oil diet group treated with AOM. The gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity was elevated more than sev...
Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 2013
Objective: Terminalia arjuna is commonly known as Arjuna and widely used as cardioprotective agen... more Objective: Terminalia arjuna is commonly known as Arjuna and widely used as cardioprotective agent in Indian traditional medicine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of T. arjuna bark (TAA) and its fractions, including dichloromethane (TAD), ethyl acetate (TAE), butanol (TAB) and water (TAW) against free radicals, protein oxidation and DNA damage. Methods: Protective effect of arjuna bark against H 2 O 2 induced DNA damage on pBR322 plasmid and rat adrenal PC-12 cells was analyzed by DNA strand breakage assay and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) respectively. AAPH induced protein oxidation was analyzed with SDS-PAGE. In vitro antioxidant activities were carried out by spectrophotometric methods to asses free radical scavenging activities, such as DPPH, hydroxyl, ABTS, nitric oxide, metal chelation, FRAP and reducing power. Results: The ethanolic extract and its fractions of arjuna bark effectively protected H 2 O 2 induced DNA damage and AAPH induced protein oxidation in the following manner: TAE > TAB > TAA > TAD > TAW. The maximum inhibition of DPPH, hydroxyl, ABTS, nitric oxide radicals and metal chelation was observed in TAE fraction (IC 50 values: 270 AE 2 mg/ml, 175 AE 11 mg/ml, 25 AE 1.2 mg/ml, 405 AE 9 mg/ml, 310 AE 11 mg/ ml, 82 AE 4 mg/ml, respectively). Conclusion: In the present study we report that arjuna bark extracts ameliorate various impairments associated with DNA damage and free radical formation.
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014
Many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, cere... more Many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, cerebrovascular impairment, depression, seizures, Parkinson's disease, etc. are predominantly appearing in the current era due to the stress full lifestyle. Treatment of these disorders with prolonged administration of synthetic drugs will lead to severe side effects. In the recent years, scientists have focused the attention of research towards phytochemicals to cure neurological disorders. Nootropic herb refers to the medicinal role of various plants/parts for their neuroprotective properties by the active phytochemicals including alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, etc. Phytocompounds from medicinal plants play a major part in maintaining the brain's chemical balance by acting upon the function of receptors for the major inhibitory neurotransmitters. Medicinal plants viz. Valeriana officinalis, Nardostachys jatamansi, Withania somnifera, Bacopa monniera, Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng have been used widely in a variety of traditional systems of therapy because of their adaptogenic, psychotropic and neuroprotective properties. This review highlights the importance of phytochemicals on neuroprotective function and other related disorders, in particular their mechanism of action and therapeutic potential.
Georgian medical news, 2023
Zingiber officinale belonging to Zingiberaceae family is used worldwide as a cooking spice, condi... more Zingiber officinale belonging to Zingiberaceae family is used worldwide as a cooking spice, condiment and herbal remedy. This study was taken up to investigate the anxiolytic activity of alcohol and water extracts of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale.in mice, by behavioral tests like elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) which will serve as the basis for assessing anxiolytic effect. Three doses viz. 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt. of 70% ethanol and water extracts were administered; i.p. to mice one hour before carrying out the tests. Diazepam (1 mg/kg body wt.) was taken as the standard anxiolytic drug. The animals administered with extracts at the levels of 200 and 400mg/kg body wt. Diazepam showed a significant increase in the time spent and total entries in the open arms of the EPM and increase in locomotor activity in OFT. However, extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight demonstrated significant increase in the time spent in the centre of the field. The results...
Biomedicine & Aging Pathology, 2013
Abstract Exposure to aluminium, though toxic in various ways is unavoidable owing to the abundant... more Abstract Exposure to aluminium, though toxic in various ways is unavoidable owing to the abundant presence and use of aluminium in everyday living. Also, the fact that aluminium toxicity can lead to serious, life-threatening complications provides compelling reasons to find novel and effective therapeutic interventions. A distinct feature of aluminium toxicity is its ability to create pro-oxidant environment. The present study investigates the effectiveness of the anti-oxidant property of Lactuca sativa as a neuroprotective agent against aluminium induced neurotoxicity. The lyophilized hydro-ethanol extract of Lactuca sativa (LS) was reconstituted in water and administered orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight to mice for a period of 30 days. Aluminium chloride was injected intraperitonially at a conc. of 10 mg/kg body weight. Behavioral tests viz., novel object recognition and open field test were performed to assess the exploratory behavior of mice. Biochemical parameters including lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, ROS, LDH, glutathione, catalase and acetylcholinesterase activity was assayed in the plasma and brain homogenates. Administration of the plant extract significantly improved the exploratory behavior of mice and also attenuated oxidative stress and decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity. Hence, we report a significant recoupment in the blood and biochemical parameters with the treatment of Lactuca sativa extract against aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity.
Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 2013
To study anxiolytic property of hydro alchohol extract and to estimate polyphenols present in the... more To study anxiolytic property of hydro alchohol extract and to estimate polyphenols present in the extract by HPLC. To evaluate anxiolytic property two animal models were used viz. Elevated T maze and hyponeophagia. Diazepam (1 mg/kg body wt.) served as the standard anxiolytic agent for all the tests. The dried extract of the plant leaf in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was administered orally to mice for duration of 15 or 30 days and locomotor and anxiolytic activities were performed. Polyphenols was estimated using HPLC. The HPLC analysis of the polyphenols revealed the presence chlorogenic acid, vanillin, epicatechin, caffeic acid, rutin hydrate, sinapic acid, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, p-coumeric acid and quercitin. Time spent and number of entries into the open arm was improved in 30 days treated animals than that of 15 days treated groups, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight treated group showed significant results when comparing with the control group. The hydro alcohol ex...
International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2012
Background: Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) is an annual herb belonging to the Apiaceae family,... more Background: Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) is an annual herb belonging to the Apiaceae family, used for medicinal purposes. Objective: To investigate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from Coriandrum sativum leaves on the exploratory behaviour pattern and locomotor activity of mice. Materials and Methods: Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were the screening tests used to assess the anxiolytic activity of , the extracts on mice. Diazepam (1 mg / kg) served as the standard anxiolytic agent. The animal receiving extracts or diazepam showed an increase in the time spent, total entries in the open arm of the EPM and increased total locomotion in the OFT, suggesting anxiolytic activity. Results: The crude dried extract was prepared in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg body weight and administered intraperitoneally to the mice, for evaluation of the anxiolytic activity. The 200 and 400 mg / kg body weight produced highly significant (P < 0.01) anxiolytic effects, in a dose-dependent manner, by increasing the time spent on and the number of entries into the open arms of the EPM and by an increase in the locomotion by mice in the OFT. Furthermore, in lower doses the extract did not affect the locomotor activity. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the leaf extract of the plant exerted an anti-anxiety effect on mice in the elevated plus maze and open field test.
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2018
Effect of addition of multigrain premix (MGP) prepared using a combination of cereals, pulses and... more Effect of addition of multigrain premix (MGP) prepared using a combination of cereals, pulses and oilseeds at 40% level, on nutritional properties of multigrain biscuit, its in-vitro and in-vivo protein digestibility and protein profiling were studied. The incorporation of MGP significantly increased the protein content (from 7.37 to 16.61%), insoluble dietary fiber (from 1.71 to 6.67%), soluble dietary fiber (from 0.46 to 2.42%). The significant increase in the levels of isoleucine (ND-34.79%), methionine (0.04 to 7.65%), tryptophan (0.22 to 5.95%) valine (0.38 to 16.58%), lysine (0.36 to 7.32%), and threonine (0.51 to 7.2%) was observed, whereas fatty acid profile of MGP incorporated biscuits showed increased polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids. The vitamin-mineral profile of MGP incorporated biscuits showed increased the thiamin (0.07-0.21 mg/ 100 g), riboflavin (0.09-0.28 mg/100 g), calcium (12.89-45.28 mg/100 g) and iron (1.13-3.47 mg/100 g) contents. The in-vitro protein digesibility of multigrain and control biscuits indicated that the proteins present in multigrain biscuits had high digestibility (71.73%) as compared to control biscuit (38.13%). The in-vivo studies indicated that, the protein quality of multigrain biscuits was comparable with casein protein with high protein efficiency ratio of 3.02. The electrophoretic pattern of multigrain biscuits showed subunit molecular weight distribution of different protein units and aggregation of protein bands at high molecular weight region of 85 to 166 kD. The outcome of the study indicated the possibility of utilising MGP to improve the overall nutritional quality of biscuits. Keywords Multigrain biscuit Á Amino acid profile Á Fatty acid profile Á In-vitro protein digestibility Á In-vivo protein digestibility Á SDS-PAGE
life science journal, 2020
Motion sickness is an ancient problem associated with transportation (ships and other vehicles), ... more Motion sickness is an ancient problem associated with transportation (ships and other vehicles), which is affecting humans since ages. Motion sickness is characteristically occurring during abnormal movements induced by the motion and when there is a conflict between various senses such as visual, vestibular and motor system. Depending on the type of motion, various kinds of sicknesses, such as air sickness, car sickness, train sickness, seasickness, etc. may occur. A very less per cent of individuals are highly susceptible to motion sickness and very less per cent of individuals are highly insusceptible for motion sickness. However, most of the population comes in between. The primary symptoms of motion sickness include nausea, vomiting, wanes, and cold sweating. Varieties of drugs are available to reduce susceptibility to motion sickness. However, nausea, pallor, sweating, headache, dizziness, malaise, increased salivation, apathy, drowsiness, belching, hyperventilation and stomac...
International Journal of Phytomedicine, 2012
Piper betel L. is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family. This study was aimed at ... more Piper betel L. is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family. This study was aimed at investigating the biomolecule protective, in vitro antioxidant and anti-anxiety properties. The hydro-alcohol extract was examined for radical scavenging ability against 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radicals, metal cheating inhibition, DNA and protein damage protection assay, anti lipid peroxidation, reducing power and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities. The tests employed for anti-anxiety property are open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze test (EPM) conducted in mice. The IC 50 values for metal chelating power, ABTS radical scavenging, NO scavenging and in vitro lipid peroxidation were 272.3µg ml-1,343.3µg ml-1, 309.1µg ml-1 and 146.3µg ml-1 respectively. The plant extract provided protection against DNA and protein damage and this was comparable to gallic acid, the standard. The animals receivi...
Scientific Reports, 2020
Wild mushroom foraging involves a high risk of unintentional consumption of poisonous mushrooms w... more Wild mushroom foraging involves a high risk of unintentional consumption of poisonous mushrooms which is a serious health concern. This problem arises due to the close morphological resemblances of toxic mushrooms with edible ones. The genus Inocybe comprises both edible and poisonous species and it is therefore important to differentiate them. Knowledge about their chemical nature will unambiguously determine their edibility and aid in an effective treatment in case of poisonings. In the present study, the presence of volatile toxic metabolites was verified in Inocybe virosa by gas chromatography. Methyl palmitate, phenol, 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl) and phytol were the identified compounds with suspected toxicity. The presence of the toxin muscarine was confirmed by liquid chromatography. The in vitro study showed that there was negligible effect of the digestion process on muscarine content or its toxicity. Therefore, the role of muscarine in the toxicity of Inocybe virosa was s...
Journal of food science and technology, 2018
The human body on exposure to high-altitude, undergoes many physiological challenges. The cardiop... more The human body on exposure to high-altitude, undergoes many physiological challenges. The cardiopulmonary reserves are favoured against the digestive system. Hence, the efficiency of digestion is compromised to a great extent, which leads to anorexia, hypophagia, epigastralgia, dyspepsia, nausea, and peptic ulcers. The present study was focused on in vitro digestive influence of selected food ingredients viz. cardamom, carom, cumin, coriander, fennel, fenugreek, ginger, pepper, star anise, turmeric, papaya, orange, pineapple, liquorice, valerian, and tarragon on the activities of digestive enzymes of rat pancreas, duodenum, and small intestine. In-vitro antioxidant activities of the above food ingredients were also carried out with respect to their radical scavenging activity against DPPH, NO, and ferrous reducing antioxidant power. All the studied food ingredients showed a comparative range of free radical scavenging activity. Further, pineapple has shown enhanced enzymatic activit...
Defence Life Science Journal, 2017
'chronic' is used to indicate the time interval which ranges over weeks and months. However long ... more 'chronic' is used to indicate the time interval which ranges over weeks and months. However long term adaptation to hypoxia has been studied in human populations in Himalayas, Ethiopian and Andes over generation 9. According to Best and Taylor 10 hypoxia is classified into four main type's i.e., Hypoxic hypoxia, anemic hypoxia, stagnant hypoxia and histotoxic hypoxia as shown in Fig. 4.
Defence Life Science Journal, 2017
Value addition to foods may be done by several ways. It could be done by the use of preservative,... more Value addition to foods may be done by several ways. It could be done by the use of preservative, food ingredients capable of eliciting functionalities and by fortification using micronutrients. There are novel and emerging food processing technologies that are possible to preserve the ingredients in the food intact. The shelf life enhancement of the processed food can be done by adapting newer packaging technologies. Food processing industries in many of the countries across the world generates huge quantity of by-products that can be put into use by value addition. These by-products have less use and create considerable environmental pollution. The by-products of the fruits, vegetables, etc. may be used for value addition adapting commercially viable approaches. Fermented foods are value added foods that could be developed using novel starters. It is also important to note the regulatory aspects of foods whenever the foods are preserved b y value addition
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 2017
Stress and emotion are associated with several illnesses from headaches to heart diseases and imm... more Stress and emotion are associated with several illnesses from headaches to heart diseases and immune deficiencies to central nervous system. Terminalia arjuna has been referred as traditional Indian medicine for several ailments. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of T. arjuna bark extract (TA) against picrotoxin-induced anxiety. Forty two male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n = 7): control, diazepam (1.5 mg•kg-1), picrotoxin (1 mg•kg-1) and three TA treatemt groups (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). Behavioral paradigms and PCR studies were performed to determine the effect of TA against picrotoxin-induced anxiety. The results showed that TA supplementation increased locomotion towards open arm (EPM) and illuminated area (light-dark box test), and increased rearing frequency (open field test) in a dose dependent manner, compared to picrotoxin (P < 0.05). Furthermore, TA increased number of licks and shocks in Vogel's conflict. PCR studies showed an up-regulation of several genes, such as BDNF, IP 3 , D 2 L, CREB, GABA A , SOD, GPx, and GR in TA administered groups. In conclusion, alcoholic extract of TA bark showed protective activity against picrotoxin in mice by modulation of genes related to synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitters, and antioxidant enzymes.
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2015
Background: Folk medicine has taken an important place especially in developing countries where l... more Background: Folk medicine has taken an important place especially in developing countries where limited health services are available. However, the absence of scientific evaluation of medicinal plants may cause serious adverse effects. Objective: To analyze the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extracts of leaves of Annona muricata using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Materials and methods: GC-MS Analysis was used. Results: The GC-MS Analysis revealed 25 constituents of which 12 of the compounds were identified. The major constituents were two unidentified compounds with percentage peak areas of 23.51% and 16.8%. Of the identified compounds, the outstanding in composition were 7-Tetradecenal, (Z) (peak area 9.39%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (peak area 7.12%), Oleyl Alcohol (peak area 6.15%), Phytol (peak area 5.61%), cis, cis, cis-7,10,13-Hexadecatrienal (peak area 4.26%), 2-Pentadecanol (peak area 3.93%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (peak area 3.21%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl octyl ester (peak area 2.67%), and 1,E-11,Z-13-Octadecatriene (peak area 2.15%), while the rest had less than 2% composition by peak area. Conclusion: The current study suggests that ethanolic extracts of leaves of Annona muricata are a potent therapeutic agent and paves the way for the development of several treatment regimens based on compounds from this extract.
Indian journal of experimental biology, 2007
The effect of prefeeding of dehydrated E. officinalis (amla) powder at 5 and 10% levels on hexach... more The effect of prefeeding of dehydrated E. officinalis (amla) powder at 5 and 10% levels on hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-induced changes in multicomponent antioxidant system and lipid peroxides in rat liver was studied. HCH induced significant elevation in hepatic malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and hydroperoxides. The prefeeding of amla at 10% level could decrease the formation of these lipid peroxides significantly. The HCH abuse resulted in a significant reduction in hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities with an elevation in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). On the other hand, the HCH-induced impairment in hepatic catalase, G-6-PDH and SOD activities were modulated by amla at the 10% level of intake. Prefeeding of amla at 5 and 10% levels appeared to reduce the HCH-induced raise in renal GGT activity. The results show the elevation of hepatic a...
Indian journal of experimental biology, 2004
Effect of prefeeding dehydrated amaranth (A. gangeticus) leaves at 10 and 20% levels on a chemica... more Effect of prefeeding dehydrated amaranth (A. gangeticus) leaves at 10 and 20% levels on a chemical toxicant, dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced free radical stress in rat liver was evaluated. DMH-induced rise in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), was diminished by AL. AL intake resulted in a significant increase in hepatic glutathione (GSH). The feeding of AL at 10% level increased the hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity, while that at 20% level increased the hepatic glutathione reductase (GSSGR) as well, in addition to G-6-PDH. Amaranth leaves at 10 and 20% levels of feeding diminished the hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. DMH influenced adversely the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities. Simultaneous administration of DMH and feeding of AL enhanced the DMH-induced decrease in hepatic GSH-Px. DMH enhanced formation of micronuclei was reverted significantly by AL intake. Hence, it was concluded that the consumption of AL ...
Indian journal of experimental biology, 2001
Effects of photodynamic treatments on inherent antioxidant metabolites and cellular defence enzym... more Effects of photodynamic treatments on inherent antioxidant metabolites and cellular defence enzymes have been investigated in rats. Wistar rats were grouped into untreated controls, light controls, hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) (treated with 5 and 10 mg Hpd/kg body weight and kept in dark) and sets treated with both Hpd and red light (dose 172 and 344 j/m2 ). After 2, 24, 48 and 72 hr of Hpd injection the rats sacrificed, livers quickly excised to analyze Hpd uptake, activities of enzymes like catalase, GSH-Px and antioxidants like GSH, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C. The results showed that the loss of Hpd from liver as a function of post- injection time was non- linear. An increased generation of lipid radicals was observed in the groups treated with 5 mg Hpd and higher dose of light and in groups treated with 10 mg Hpd at both the doses of light. Combination of light and Hpd reduced hepatic GSH content with a concomitant reduction in GSH-Px. At higher doses of Hpd and ligh...
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 1998
The effect of feeding a fresh garlic or garlic oil-supplemented diet was studied in rats for a pe... more The effect of feeding a fresh garlic or garlic oil-supplemented diet was studied in rats for a period of 23 weeks with or without the treatment of a carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM), on the modulation of detoxification enzymes and micronuclei formation. The results showed that feeding fresh garlic or garlic oil-supplemented diets tended to reduce hepatic lipid peroxidation, though not to significant levels. Glutathione content was also not altered. The catalase activity in liver of rats fed a fresh garlic-supplemented diet was reduced compared to that of the control diet; however, the activity was not affected by AOM treatment. Ingestion of garlic caused a 40 percent increase in the hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, whereas carcinogen treatment reduced it. The activity of hepatic glutathione-S-transferase was unaffected by the feeding regimen, while it was lowered in the garlic oil diet group treated with AOM. The gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity was elevated more than sev...
Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 2013
Objective: Terminalia arjuna is commonly known as Arjuna and widely used as cardioprotective agen... more Objective: Terminalia arjuna is commonly known as Arjuna and widely used as cardioprotective agent in Indian traditional medicine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of T. arjuna bark (TAA) and its fractions, including dichloromethane (TAD), ethyl acetate (TAE), butanol (TAB) and water (TAW) against free radicals, protein oxidation and DNA damage. Methods: Protective effect of arjuna bark against H 2 O 2 induced DNA damage on pBR322 plasmid and rat adrenal PC-12 cells was analyzed by DNA strand breakage assay and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) respectively. AAPH induced protein oxidation was analyzed with SDS-PAGE. In vitro antioxidant activities were carried out by spectrophotometric methods to asses free radical scavenging activities, such as DPPH, hydroxyl, ABTS, nitric oxide, metal chelation, FRAP and reducing power. Results: The ethanolic extract and its fractions of arjuna bark effectively protected H 2 O 2 induced DNA damage and AAPH induced protein oxidation in the following manner: TAE > TAB > TAA > TAD > TAW. The maximum inhibition of DPPH, hydroxyl, ABTS, nitric oxide radicals and metal chelation was observed in TAE fraction (IC 50 values: 270 AE 2 mg/ml, 175 AE 11 mg/ml, 25 AE 1.2 mg/ml, 405 AE 9 mg/ml, 310 AE 11 mg/ ml, 82 AE 4 mg/ml, respectively). Conclusion: In the present study we report that arjuna bark extracts ameliorate various impairments associated with DNA damage and free radical formation.
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014
Many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, cere... more Many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, cerebrovascular impairment, depression, seizures, Parkinson's disease, etc. are predominantly appearing in the current era due to the stress full lifestyle. Treatment of these disorders with prolonged administration of synthetic drugs will lead to severe side effects. In the recent years, scientists have focused the attention of research towards phytochemicals to cure neurological disorders. Nootropic herb refers to the medicinal role of various plants/parts for their neuroprotective properties by the active phytochemicals including alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, etc. Phytocompounds from medicinal plants play a major part in maintaining the brain's chemical balance by acting upon the function of receptors for the major inhibitory neurotransmitters. Medicinal plants viz. Valeriana officinalis, Nardostachys jatamansi, Withania somnifera, Bacopa monniera, Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng have been used widely in a variety of traditional systems of therapy because of their adaptogenic, psychotropic and neuroprotective properties. This review highlights the importance of phytochemicals on neuroprotective function and other related disorders, in particular their mechanism of action and therapeutic potential.