Dr.M.A. Padmanabha Rao - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr.M.A. Padmanabha Rao

The current paper reports first and definite experimental evidence for gamma-, X-, or beta radiat... more The current paper reports first and definite experimental evidence for gamma-, X-, or beta radiation causing UV
dominant optical radiation from (1) radiochemicals such as 131-I; (2) XRF sources such as Rb XRF source present as salts; and (3) metal sources such as 57-Co, and Cu XRF sources. Due to low quantum yield a need arose to develop two techniques with narrow band optical filters, and sheet polarizers that helped in the successful detection of optical radiation. The metal 57-Co spectrum observed at room temperature hinted that it could
be optical emission from excited 57-Co atoms by a previously unknown phenomenon. In order to explain UV emission, it was predicted that some eV energies higher than that of UV, termed temporarily as Bharat radiation are generated within the excited atom, while gamma-, X-, or beta radiation passes through core-Coulomb field. In turn,
the Bharat energy internally produced within the excited atom causes UV dominant high-energy spectrum by valence excitation. As excited atoms become free from surrounding unexcited atoms by valence excitation, room temperature atomic spectra of solid radioisotopes and XRF sources became a possibility. It implies existence of temporary atomic state of solids. The experimental evidence that gamma-, X-, and beta radiations causing UV dominant optical emission from within excited atoms of radioisotopes suggests the possibility for solar gamma-, X-, and beta radiations causing EUV by the atomic phenomenon described here.

ARTICLE: DETAILS OF M.A.PADMANABHA RAO'S SIX FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS DISCOVERIES. LATEST DISCOVER... more ARTICLE: DETAILS OF M.A.PADMANABHA RAO'S SIX FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS DISCOVERIES.

LATEST DISCOVERIES IN NUCLEAR AND X-RAY PHYSICS, ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY, AND SOLAR PHYSICS.
Discovery 1: UV dominant optical emission from radiochemicals like 131-I
Discovery 2: UV dominant optical emission from XRF sources present as salts
Discovery 3: UV dominant optical emission from metallic 57Co & Cu XRF source etc
Discovery 4: Bharat Radiation (predicted) from radioisotopes and XRF sources
Discovery 5: Atomic spectra of solid radioisotopes caused by Bharat Radiation
Discovery 6: Padmanabha Rao Effect in radioisotopes and XRF sources

RESEARCH PAPER: LATEST DISCOVERIES IN SOLAR PHYSICS IN 2013 M.A.PADMANABHA RAO's 7th DISCOVRY: ... more RESEARCH PAPER: LATEST DISCOVERIES IN SOLAR PHYSICS IN 2013
M.A.PADMANABHA RAO's 7th DISCOVRY: SUN’S BHARAT RADIATION EMISSION
1. M.A. Padmanabha Rao,
Discovery of Sun’s Bharat Radiation emission causing Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) and UV dominant optical radiation,
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), e-ISSN: 2278-4861, Volume 3, Issue 2 (Mar. – Apr. 2013), PP 56-60, DOI: 10.9790/4861-0325660
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jap/papers/Vol3-issue2/H0325660.pdf
Existence of Bharat Radiation emission has been first predicted in 1998 to explain the experimental discovery of UV dominant optical emission from radioisotopes and XRF (X-ray fluorescent) sources by a previously unknown atomic phenomenon. Presence of Bharat Radiation wavelengths has been shown for the first time in the wavelength gap in electromagnetic spectrum situated in between X-ray and the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths in the revised Rb XRF spectrum. For evidence of Bharat Radiation, a comparison of the solar spectrum reported by various researchers since 1960 with the revised Rb XRF spectrum met with unexpected success. The three distinct solar spectral ranges remained unrecognized for the last half a century are now identified as of X-rays up to 12.87 nm, Bharat Radiation from 12.87 to 31 nm, and EUV from 31 nm onwards. Evidence of Sun’s Bharat Radiation emission implies a fundamental change in our understanding the Sunlight phenomenon from the traditional belief that fusion powers Sun light. This new insight supports the previously reported author’s view that γ-, X-, and β emissions from fission products (radioisotopes) of 235-U fission taking place on Sun’s visible surface cause Bharat Radiation followed by EUV and UV dominant optical emission.

RESEARCH PAPER: LATEST DISCOVERIES IN SOLAR PHYSICS IN 2013. M.A.PADMANABHA RAO's 8th DISCOVRY:... more RESEARCH PAPER: LATEST DISCOVERIES IN SOLAR PHYSICS IN 2013. M.A.PADMANABHA RAO's 8th DISCOVRY: 235-Uranium fission causing Sunlight
2. M.A. Padmanabha Rao,
Discovery of Self-Sustained 235-U Fission Causing Sunlight by Padmanabha Rao Effect,
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), e-ISSN: 2278-4861, Volume 4, Issue 2 (Jul. – Aug. 2013), PP 06-24, DOI: 10.9790/4861-0420624
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jap/papers/Vol4-issue2/B0420624.pdf

For the first time in solar physics, this paper reports a comprehensive study how 235-Uranium fission causes Sunlight by the atomic phenomenon, Padmanabha Rao Effect against the theory of fusion. The first major breakthrough lies in identifying as many as 153 solar lines in the Bharat Radiation range from 12.87 to 31 nm reported by various researchers since 1960s. The Sunlight phenomenon is explained as follows. For example, the energy equivalence 72.48 eV of the most intense 17.107 nm emission in the middle of solar spectrum is the energy lost by β, γ, or X-ray energy of a fission product while passing through core-Coulomb space. This energy loss is the Bharat Radiation energy that cause EUV, UV, visible, and near infrared emissions on valence excitation. From vast data of emissions and energies of various fission products, 606.31 keV β (Eβmax) energy of 131I was chosen as the source of 17.107 nm emission. For the first time a typical Bharat Radiation spectrum was observed when plotted energy loss against β, γ, or X-ray energies of fission products supposedly present in solar flare and atmosphere : 113Xe, 131I, 137Cs, 95Zr, 144Cs, 134I, 140Ba, 133I, 140La, 133In etc that caused solar lines. Consistent presence of a sharp line for four months in AIA spectral EUV band at 335A exemplifies self-sustained uranium fission from a small site appeared in SDO/AIA image at 304A. Sun’s dark spot is explained as a large crater formed on Sun’s core surface as a result of fission reaction that does not show any emission since fission products would be thrown away from the site during fission. Purely the same Sun’s core material left over at the site after fission reaction devoid of fission products and any emission seems to be the familiar dark Matter. This could be the first report on the existence of Sun’s Dark Matter.

RESEARCH PAPER: M. A. Padmanabha Rao’s 9th Physics Discovery: SUPERLUMINAL VELOCITIES OF X-RAYS a... more RESEARCH PAPER: M. A. Padmanabha Rao’s 9th Physics Discovery: SUPERLUMINAL VELOCITIES OF X-RAYS and BHARAT RADIATION
M. A. Padmanabha Rao,
Discovery of superluminal velocities of X-rays and Bharat Radiation challenging the validity of Einstein’s formula E= mc^2, IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), e-ISSN: 2278-4861,Volume 4, Issue 4 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 08-14, DOI: 10.9790/4861-0440814
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jap/papers/Vol4-issue4/B0440814.pdf?id=3522
The current paper reports discovery of superluminal velocities of X-rays, and Bharat Radiation in 12.87 to 31 nm range from solar spectra. The discovery challenges the 100 year old Albert Einstein’s assertion that nothing can go faster than velocity of light c in vacuum while formulating E = mc2 in his special theory of relativity reported in 1905 [1]. Several solar spectra recorded at various wavelengths by Woods et al in 2011 demonstrated GOES X-rays arriving earlier than 13.5 nm emission, which in turn arriving earlier than 33.5 nm emission [2]. Finally, the investigators faced difficulty in concluding that short wavelengths traveled fast because of lack of information whether all the three emissions originated from the same source and at the same time. Very recently the author has reported GOES X-rays (7.0 nm) cause 13.5 nm (Bharat Radiation), which in turn causes 33.5 nm Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission from same excited atoms present in solar flare by Padmanabha Rao Effect [3, 4]. Based on these findings, the author succeeded in explaining how the solar spectral findings provide direct evidences on superluminal velocities of GOES X-ray and 13.5 nm Bharat Radiation emissions, when 33.5 nm EUV emission is considered travelling at velocity of light c. Among X-ray wavelengths, the short wavelength 7.0 nm X-rays traveled faster than 9.4 nm X-rays, while X-rays go at superluminal velocities. Among Bharat radiation wavelengths, short wavelengths showed fast travel, while Bharat Radiation goes at superluminal velocities as compared to 33.5 EUV emission.

Technical Report: Abstract: Light emission has been observed from all the targets (like Rb, and B... more Technical Report: Abstract: Light emission has been observed from all the targets (like Rb, and Ba which are opaque to light during excitation by γ-rays from 241Am), and the radionuclides investigated that can not be explained by the known phenomena. Light emission from metals ( Cu, Mo, and Ag targets; and radionuclides: 57Co and 60Co) at room temperature is a noteworthy observation, that implies the emission from metal atoms. It reveals that sources of ionizing radiation, in general, give rise to atomic emission of light by a new phenomenon. A detailed study showed dominance of ultraviolet(UV) radiation from low energy ionizing radiation sources, while raise towards near-infrared (NIR) radiation from high energy sources. These findings led to believe that ionizing radiation loose energy in eV level while passing through charged space within the atom of their origin. The loss of their energy that forms electromagnetic radiation, with energies in eV level, excites valence electron and causes fluorescent light emission.

Conference paper presented at Kokata in 1997. M A Padmanabha Rao,... more Conference paper presented at Kokata in 1997.
M A Padmanabha Rao, (1997)LIGHT EMISSION OBSERVED FROM IONIZING RADIATION SOURCES BY AN ATOMIC PHENOMENON, National Symposium on Contemporary Physics, November 6-8, 1997, organized by The Indian Physics Association, at Physics Department, Presidency College, Kolkata, India, http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/1010/kolkata.html

Conference paper: M A Padmanabha Rao (1998) X-RAY SOURCEEMITS NOT ONLY X-RAYS BUT ALSO LOW ENE... more Conference paper:
M A Padmanabha Rao (1998) X-RAY SOURCEEMITS NOT ONLY X-RAYS BUT ALSO LOW ENERGY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. Presented in 1998 Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications, Ninth in a series, College of Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, U.S.A.1998, Abstract 3PW26, http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/1010/michigan1998.html

The author's experimental study explains that gamma, X-ray, and beta emissions cause UV emission ... more The author's experimental study explains that gamma, X-ray, and beta emissions cause UV emission in solar flares by a previously unknown phenomenon. The author has predicted that gamma rays, X-rays, and beta particles first cause some exciting energies higher than that of UV at eV level from the same parent excited atom that could be the familiar Dark Radiation, which in turn causes UV. Results of the current study with radioisotopes and XRF sources suggest possibility for fission taking place in Sun. Highly ionized fission fragments left with single filled orbit constitute Dark Matter. The fission products and ionizing radiation emissions that reach Earth could be nothing but cosmic rays.

Notably from radioisotopes as well as characteristic X-ray sources the author reported to have di... more Notably from radioisotopes as well as characteristic X-ray sources the author reported to have discovered light emission predominant in ultraviolet (UV) radiation (1-4). Since it is not known earlier that UV radiation associates with ionizing radiations in causing biological effects when radioisotopes such as 99mTc, 131I, 201Tl are internally administered into the body, the biological effects and conventional dose estimates to the bodily organs deserve a thorough review.

Talks by Dr.M.A. Padmanabha Rao

Invited Lecture deivered at the Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India on 4th August 2014.

Teaching Documents by Dr.M.A. Padmanabha Rao

Go through Data Sets in researchgate

Book Reviews by Dr.M.A. Padmanabha Rao

Websites by Dr.M.A. Padmanabha Rao

M.A. Padmanabha Rao, PhD(AIIMS) Discovery 1: UV from radiochemicals like 131-I Discovery 2: UV f... more M.A. Padmanabha Rao, PhD(AIIMS)
Discovery 1: UV from radiochemicals like 131-I Discovery 2: UV from XRF sources present as salts Discovery 3: UV from metallic 57Co & Cu XRF source Discovery 4: Bharat Radiation (predicted) from radioisotopes Discovery 5: Atomic spectra of solids by Bharat Radiation Discovery 6: Padmanabha Rao Effect Discovery 7: Sun's Bharat Radiation emission Discovery 8: 235-Uranium fission causing Sunlight Discovery 9: Superluminal velocities of X-rays

Breakthrough in Solar Physics by Dr.M.A. Padmanabha Rao

M.A.Padmanabha Rao,PhD(AIIMS) is the first scientist in reporting the discovery of Bharat Radiati... more M.A.Padmanabha Rao,PhD(AIIMS) is the first scientist in reporting the discovery of Bharat Radiation in 12.87 to 31 nm range in solar spectrum in 2013.

M.A. Padmanabha Rao,
Discovery of Self-Sustained 235-U Fission Causing Sunlight by Padmanabha Rao Effect,
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), e-ISSN: 2278-4861, Volume 4, Issue 2 (Jul. – Aug. 2013), PP 06-24, DOI: 10.9790/4861-0420624
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jap/papers/Vol4-issue2/B0420624.pdf

URANIUM FISSION CAUSING SUNLIGHT by Dr.M.A. Padmanabha Rao

SUPERLUMINAL VELOCITIES OF X-RAYS by Dr.M.A. Padmanabha Rao

The current paper reports discovery of superluminal velocities of X-rays, and Bharat Radiation in... more The current paper reports discovery of superluminal velocities of X-rays, and Bharat Radiation in 12.87 to 31 nm range from solar spectra. The discovery challenges the 100 year old Albert Einstein’s assertion that nothing can go faster than velocity of light c.

PADMANABHA RAO EFFECT by Dr.M.A. Padmanabha Rao

DISCOVERY of New Atomic Phenomenon, PADMANABHA RAO EFFECT in Radioisotopes & XRF sources. A bri... more DISCOVERY of New Atomic Phenomenon, PADMANABHA RAO EFFECT in Radioisotopes & XRF sources.
A brief phenomenological explanation comprising of two postulates is described in the following, so that a detailed mathematical explanation can follow later. (1) Ionizing radiation, particularly gamma, X-ray, or beta radiation energy at keV or MeV level loses energy at eV level while passing through a core-Coulomb field. The loss of energy is reproduced as electromagnetic radiation with the same energy at eV level but higher than that of UV or EUV that the source emits. (2) The energy causes valence excitation resulting into UV dominant atomic spectrum.

UV dominant optical emission takes place from a salt such as Rubidium salt, when an incident γ or X-ray knocks away a K shell electron in Rb atom by photo electric effect. The resulting K X-ray, and L X-ray can generate Bharat Radiation photons while passing through Coulomb space of M shell electrons. Next, the Bharat Radiation photons generate UV dominant optical emission on valence excitation.

Bremsstrahlung also causes Bharat Radiation emission followed by UV dominant optical emission within the same excited atom in X-ray tubes used for diagnostic purposes in Hospitals.

References:
M.A.Padmanabha Rao,
UV dominant optical emission newly detected from radioisotopes and XRF sources,
Braz. J. Phy., 40, no 1, 38-46,2010.
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-97332010000100007

VIEW DETAILS OF THESE SIX FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS DISCOVERIES IN:
Discovery, Volume 4, Number 10, April 2013
http://www.discovery.org.in/PDF_Files/d_20130402.pdf

Discovery of UV dominant light emission from X-ray sources by Padmanabha Rao effect. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259296186_Discovery_of_UV_dominant_light_emission_from_X-ray_sources_by_Padmanabha_Rao_effect [accessed Mar 31, 2015].

ARTICLE: DETAILS OF M.A.PADMANABHA RAO'S SIX FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS DISCOVERIES. LATEST DISCOVER... more ARTICLE: DETAILS OF M.A.PADMANABHA RAO'S SIX FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS DISCOVERIES.

Invited Lecture deivered at the Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India on 4th August 2014.

Bremsstrahlung also causes Bharat Radiation emission followed by UV dominant optical emission within the same excited atom in X-ray tubes used for diagnostic purposes in Hospitals.

VIEW DETAILS OF THESE SIX FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS DISCOVERIES IN:
Discovery, Volume 4, Number 10, April 2013
http://www.discovery.org.in/PDF_Files/d_20130402.pdf

FIGURE: Gamma excitation of Rubidium sulfate causes the well known Rb X-ray spectrum (AMC2084,U.K... more FIGURE: Gamma excitation of Rubidium sulfate causes the well known Rb X-ray spectrum (AMC2084,U.K.) as shown on the left. On the other hand, heating the same salt to high temperatures would cause the familiar atomic spectrum as shown on the right side. The basic rubidium X-ray spectrum ends at 12.87 nm, whereas optical spectrum begins at 47.488 nm (Rb II) in vacuum. In between the two, a wavelength gap is evidently seen.

In order to explain UV dominant optical emission newly detected from radioisotopes and XRF sources, the author has made an important prediction as beta, gamma, or X-ray generates energy higher than that of UV at eV level within the same excited atom. From the gap found in E.M. spectrum, it is understood that the highly abundant 0.092 969 nm (a1K LII ) Rb X-ray might have generated the wavelengths from 0.092 969 to 330 nm. As these wavelengths cannot be called as X-rays or EUV, they were given the name Bharat radiation. In turn, these Bharat Radiation wavelengths might have caused the 330 nm peak by valence excitation as was observed with narrow band optical filters. In 2013, Bharat Radiation wavelengths in 12.87 to 31 nm range were found from solar spectra reported by astrophysicists since 1960s.

FOUND WAVELENGTH GAP in ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM where BHARAT RADIATION exists. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260122001_FOUND_WAVELENGTH_GAP_in_ELECTROMAGNETIC_SPECTRUM_where_BHARAT_RADIATION_exists [accessed Mar 31, 2015].

Understanding Sunlight phenomenon requires working knowledge in nuclear physics particularly the ... more Understanding Sunlight phenomenon requires working knowledge in nuclear physics particularly the nuclear fission, X-ray physics, and atomic spectroscopy.

A SURPRISE FINDING LED TO SIX FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS DISCOVERIES. Rb XRF source (Variable Energy X-r... more A SURPRISE FINDING LED TO SIX FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS DISCOVERIES. Rb XRF source (Variable Energy X-ray source (AMC 2084, U.K.) showing 125,321 cps instead of the expected 4,400 Rb X-ray photon yield sec-1 0.5 steradian-1 triggered this entire study just to unfold why these spectacularly high counts. In the absence of prior theory or any experimental study on the subject, new optical techniques designed and developed with narrow band optical filters and a pair of sheet polarizers by M.A.Padmanabha Rao led to the discovery of optical radiation emission with low quantum yield from Rb XRF source.

IN A SINGLE RESEARCH PAPER all Six Fundamental Physics Discoveries in Nuclear Physics, X-ray physics, Atomic spectroscopy were reported in 2010 :

M.A.Padmanabha Rao,
UV dominant optical emission newly detected from radioisotopes and XRF sources,
Braz. J. Phy., 40, no 1, 38-46,2010.
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-97332010000100007