Dr. Solomon T Garner, Jr (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. Solomon T Garner, Jr
Objectives. To examine the Coach Model for recruiting minority students for the pharmaceutical an... more Objectives. To examine the Coach Model for recruiting minority students for the pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences at the University of Georgia College of Pharmacy. The long-term goal is to establish the University of Georgia and the College of Pharmacy as a regional center for training minority scientists to solve problems concerning minority health disparities. Methods. Professional fairs, workshops, seminars, and campus visits were used to attract the most qualified students. Also vital to the recruitment effort is direct family contact, the location of supportive mentors, and funding. Results. The 9-year project resulted in the matriculation of 22 students to graduate programs in the College of Pharmacy. Eight have graduated and 13 are scheduled to graduate within 5 years. Only one student transferred to another institution. Funds are provided by a variety of sources, including the
Tetrahedron Letters, Aug 1, 2002
ABSTRACT Rearrangement of alkoxycarbonyl imidazole acryl azides in phenyl ether at 200°C yields i... more ABSTRACT Rearrangement of alkoxycarbonyl imidazole acryl azides in phenyl ether at 200°C yields imidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidinone or imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinone derivatives, depending on the size of the alkoxy substituent.
Ethnicity & Disease, 2019
The Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) program was established by the US Congress ... more The Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) program was established by the US Congress to support the development of biomedical research infrastructure at minority-serving institutions granting doctoral degrees in the health professions or in a health-related science. RCMI institutions also conduct research on diseases that disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities (ie, African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Hispanics, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders), those of low socioeconomic status, and rural persons. Quantitative metrics, including the numbers of doctoral science degrees granted to underrepresented students, NIH peer-reviewed research funding, peer-reviewed publications, and numbers of racial and ethnic minorities participating in sponsored research, demonstrate that RCMI grantee institutions have made substantial progress toward the intent of the Congressional legislation, as well as the NIH/NIMHD-linked goals o...
Pharmaceutical development and technology, Jan 30, 2016
Evaluate the effects of nonionic surfactants Brij 58 and Tween 40 with different structures but s... more Evaluate the effects of nonionic surfactants Brij 58 and Tween 40 with different structures but similar hydrophilic lipophilic balances (HLBs) on theophylline (TH)-loaded ethylcellulose (EC) microspheres. Microspheres were formulated using ratios of the surfactants with matching HLB values but different chemical-structures at temperatures (22/35 °C) by hydrophobic solvent-emulsion evaporation. Particle size, GMD, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and dissolution were evaluated. Drug release was determined using the zero- and first-order, Higuchi and Hixson-Crowell models. EC microspheres prepared with surfactant Brij 58 showed discrete, free-flowing spherical particles, solid interiors and increased particle smoothness as temperature increased; those prepared with Tween 40 appeared porous with coarser surface morphology as temperature increased; both were CHLB (Combined HLB) dependent. Dissolution obeyed the Higuchi model drug release for both microspheres prepared with Tween 4...
... 1992, 36, 202-205 7. Schinazi, RF; Chu, CK; Peck, A.; McMillan, A.; Mathis, R.; Cannon, D.; J... more ... 1992, 36, 202-205 7. Schinazi, RF; Chu, CK; Peck, A.; McMillan, A.; Mathis, R.; Cannon, D.; Jeong, L.-S.; Beach, JW; Choi, W.-B.; Yeola. S.; Liotta, D. Activities of the ... 20. Schinazi, RF; McMillian, A.;Cannon, D.; Mathis, R.; Lloyd, RM; Peck, A.; Sommadossi, J. –P.; St. ...
Tetrahedron Letters, 2002
ABSTRACT Rearrangement of alkoxycarbonyl imidazole acryl azides in phenyl ether at 200°C yields i... more ABSTRACT Rearrangement of alkoxycarbonyl imidazole acryl azides in phenyl ether at 200°C yields imidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidinone or imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinone derivatives, depending on the size of the alkoxy substituent.
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2007
Transdermal permeation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), a metabolite of glucosamine was examined.... more Transdermal permeation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), a metabolite of glucosamine was examined. Glucosamine salts are nutraceuticals used in the oral treatment of osteoarthritis. Sparse information is available regarding glucosamine and NAG transdermal or percutaneous transport and absorption. Permeability of NAG in various enhancer suspensions was evaluated by using shed snakeskin as a model membrane via Franz-type cell diffusion studies. Negligible permeability was observed for NAG in neat solutions of known membrane permeation enhancers ethanol, oleic acid, isopropyl myristate, and isopropyl palmitate, as well as from saturated solutions of NAG in water or phosphate buffer. Permeability measurements obtained from saturated solutions of NAG in DMSO and phosphate buffer solutions containing ethanol at 2%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% demonstrated excellent permeation. Permeability coefficients of the phosphate buffer/ ethanol solutions at 5%, 10%, and 25% were about threefold larger in value as those for saturated DMSO solution, whereas the 2% and 50% solution values were lower.
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2011
Altering the combined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (CHLB), by varying the ratio of dual surfact... more Altering the combined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (CHLB), by varying the ratio of dual surfactants, on formulation parameters and in vitro drug release of ethyl cellulose microspheres was examined. Theophylline, a xanthine bronchodilator was used to model controlled release owing to its narrow therapeutic index. Microspheres were prepared using different ratios of dual surfactant in an emulsion-solvent evaporation process. Drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, and geometric mean diameters were evaluated. Drug release was evaluated using several kinetic models including zero and first order, Higuchi square root, and Hixson-Crowell. Microspheres presented as mostly spherical particles and diffusional drug release was affected by microsphere construction. For this novel, dual surfactant system the microsphere matrix is a hydrophobic polymer and the release rate may be modulated with variation in ratio of dual surfactants. Dissolution data followed the Higuchi model and supports the formation of a monolithic microsphere matrix that releases theophylline by Fickian diffusion. Dual surfactants for preparation of microspheres are an inadequately studied research area that offers another means to modulate particle size and drug release. For the current study microspheres prepared with surfactant ratios of Span 65: Tween 40 between 3:1 and 2:1 provided the best control of size and drug release.
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2008
Theophylline controlled release capsules (THEO-24 CR) were used as a model system to evaluate acc... more Theophylline controlled release capsules (THEO-24 CR) were used as a model system to evaluate accelerated dissolution tests for process and quality control and formulation development of controlled release formulations. Dissolution test acceleration was provided by increasing temperature, pH, flow rate, or adding surfactant. Electron microscope studies on the theophylline microspheres subsequent to each experiment showed that at pH values of 6.6 and 7.6 the microspheres remained intact, but at pH 8.6 they showed deterioration. As temperature was increased from 37-57°C, no change in microsphere integrity was noted. Increased flow rate also showed no detrimental effect on integrity. The effect of increased temperature was determined to be the statistically significant variable.
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2010
The current investigation reports skin permeation of three novel mutual prodrugs (MP) which coupl... more The current investigation reports skin permeation of three novel mutual prodrugs (MP) which couple n-acetyl-glucosamine with an NSAID, either ketoprofen or ibuprofen. They were evaluated for transdermal permeation using shed snakeskin, and to our knowledge represent the first MPs synthesized for this purpose, although they also could be used for subcutaneous delivery. MPs are defined as two active drug compounds usually connected by an ester linkage. Glucosamine administration has been linked to damaged cartilage repair, and pain relief in joints afflicted with osteoarthritis. NSAIDs are commonly used orally in transdermal creams or gels for joint pain relief. Two novel compounds we report (MP1 and MP2) covalently link ibuprofen and ketoprofen directly to the amide nitrogen of n-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG); the other compound (MP3) covalently links ibuprofen to the amide nitrogen, using a short chain acetyl linker. Permeability studies show that the ketoprofen mutual prodrug (MP2) permeates shed snakeskin more than three times greater than either ibuprofen derivative, while ethanol markedly increases the permeation for all three. The ketoprofen mutual prodrug appears the most likely candidate for transdermal administration; all three mutual prodrugs may be candidates for subcutaneous injection.
American students at the Ph.D. level. His guidance, support and mentorship allowed me to garner h... more American students at the Ph.D. level. His guidance, support and mentorship allowed me to garner his four keys to success-teaching, research, service and outreach. Our adventures in the Pharmaceutical Development Laboratory have hopefully have laid a foundation for the success of product driven scientific experimentation, discovery and implementation in the delivery of drug products to improve and maintain the health of individuals as well animals. I am also very thankful for financial support I received from the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences as well as the Graduate School for its generous dissertation completion award. I am also very grateful to my advisory committee members, Drs. Parastoo Azadi, Michael G. Bartlett, J. Warren Beach, Won Jun and James C. Price for their help, advice and valuable suggestions throughout my work. Their knowledge and expertise were indispensable for the successful accomplishment of my studies. I am very thankful to Dr. Azadi's and Trina Abney for their tremendous help with the use of high pH anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC-PAD). Without their assistance, I would not have completed all of my studies. v My educational matriculation has been an exceptional journey-one that I had never dreamed of. I am very grateful to place where my foundation was laid, my Alma Mater-Jackson State University (JSU) and the lifelong lessons learned there. Here is where I earned my B.S in Chemistry (1999) under the most awesome faculty and staff anyone can imagine-Drs.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2004
Objectives. To examine the Coach Model for recruiting minority students for the pharmaceutical an... more Objectives. To examine the Coach Model for recruiting minority students for the pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences at the University of Georgia College of Pharmacy. The long-term goal is to establish the University of Georgia and the College of Pharmacy as a regional center for training minority scientists to solve problems concerning minority health disparities. Methods. Professional fairs, workshops, seminars, and campus visits were used to attract the most qualified students. Also vital to the recruitment effort is direct family contact, the location of supportive mentors, and funding. Results. The 9-year project resulted in the matriculation of 22 students to graduate programs in the College of Pharmacy. Eight have graduated and 13 are scheduled to graduate within 5 years. Only one student transferred to another institution. Funds are provided by a variety of sources, including the
Objectives. To examine the Coach Model for recruiting minority students for the pharmaceutical an... more Objectives. To examine the Coach Model for recruiting minority students for the pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences at the University of Georgia College of Pharmacy. The long-term goal is to establish the University of Georgia and the College of Pharmacy as a regional center for training minority scientists to solve problems concerning minority health disparities. Methods. Professional fairs, workshops, seminars, and campus visits were used to attract the most qualified students. Also vital to the recruitment effort is direct family contact, the location of supportive mentors, and funding. Results. The 9-year project resulted in the matriculation of 22 students to graduate programs in the College of Pharmacy. Eight have graduated and 13 are scheduled to graduate within 5 years. Only one student transferred to another institution. Funds are provided by a variety of sources, including the
Tetrahedron Letters, Aug 1, 2002
ABSTRACT Rearrangement of alkoxycarbonyl imidazole acryl azides in phenyl ether at 200°C yields i... more ABSTRACT Rearrangement of alkoxycarbonyl imidazole acryl azides in phenyl ether at 200°C yields imidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidinone or imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinone derivatives, depending on the size of the alkoxy substituent.
Ethnicity & Disease, 2019
The Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) program was established by the US Congress ... more The Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) program was established by the US Congress to support the development of biomedical research infrastructure at minority-serving institutions granting doctoral degrees in the health professions or in a health-related science. RCMI institutions also conduct research on diseases that disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities (ie, African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Hispanics, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders), those of low socioeconomic status, and rural persons. Quantitative metrics, including the numbers of doctoral science degrees granted to underrepresented students, NIH peer-reviewed research funding, peer-reviewed publications, and numbers of racial and ethnic minorities participating in sponsored research, demonstrate that RCMI grantee institutions have made substantial progress toward the intent of the Congressional legislation, as well as the NIH/NIMHD-linked goals o...
Pharmaceutical development and technology, Jan 30, 2016
Evaluate the effects of nonionic surfactants Brij 58 and Tween 40 with different structures but s... more Evaluate the effects of nonionic surfactants Brij 58 and Tween 40 with different structures but similar hydrophilic lipophilic balances (HLBs) on theophylline (TH)-loaded ethylcellulose (EC) microspheres. Microspheres were formulated using ratios of the surfactants with matching HLB values but different chemical-structures at temperatures (22/35 °C) by hydrophobic solvent-emulsion evaporation. Particle size, GMD, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and dissolution were evaluated. Drug release was determined using the zero- and first-order, Higuchi and Hixson-Crowell models. EC microspheres prepared with surfactant Brij 58 showed discrete, free-flowing spherical particles, solid interiors and increased particle smoothness as temperature increased; those prepared with Tween 40 appeared porous with coarser surface morphology as temperature increased; both were CHLB (Combined HLB) dependent. Dissolution obeyed the Higuchi model drug release for both microspheres prepared with Tween 4...
... 1992, 36, 202-205 7. Schinazi, RF; Chu, CK; Peck, A.; McMillan, A.; Mathis, R.; Cannon, D.; J... more ... 1992, 36, 202-205 7. Schinazi, RF; Chu, CK; Peck, A.; McMillan, A.; Mathis, R.; Cannon, D.; Jeong, L.-S.; Beach, JW; Choi, W.-B.; Yeola. S.; Liotta, D. Activities of the ... 20. Schinazi, RF; McMillian, A.;Cannon, D.; Mathis, R.; Lloyd, RM; Peck, A.; Sommadossi, J. –P.; St. ...
Tetrahedron Letters, 2002
ABSTRACT Rearrangement of alkoxycarbonyl imidazole acryl azides in phenyl ether at 200°C yields i... more ABSTRACT Rearrangement of alkoxycarbonyl imidazole acryl azides in phenyl ether at 200°C yields imidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidinone or imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinone derivatives, depending on the size of the alkoxy substituent.
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2007
Transdermal permeation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), a metabolite of glucosamine was examined.... more Transdermal permeation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), a metabolite of glucosamine was examined. Glucosamine salts are nutraceuticals used in the oral treatment of osteoarthritis. Sparse information is available regarding glucosamine and NAG transdermal or percutaneous transport and absorption. Permeability of NAG in various enhancer suspensions was evaluated by using shed snakeskin as a model membrane via Franz-type cell diffusion studies. Negligible permeability was observed for NAG in neat solutions of known membrane permeation enhancers ethanol, oleic acid, isopropyl myristate, and isopropyl palmitate, as well as from saturated solutions of NAG in water or phosphate buffer. Permeability measurements obtained from saturated solutions of NAG in DMSO and phosphate buffer solutions containing ethanol at 2%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% demonstrated excellent permeation. Permeability coefficients of the phosphate buffer/ ethanol solutions at 5%, 10%, and 25% were about threefold larger in value as those for saturated DMSO solution, whereas the 2% and 50% solution values were lower.
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2011
Altering the combined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (CHLB), by varying the ratio of dual surfact... more Altering the combined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (CHLB), by varying the ratio of dual surfactants, on formulation parameters and in vitro drug release of ethyl cellulose microspheres was examined. Theophylline, a xanthine bronchodilator was used to model controlled release owing to its narrow therapeutic index. Microspheres were prepared using different ratios of dual surfactant in an emulsion-solvent evaporation process. Drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, and geometric mean diameters were evaluated. Drug release was evaluated using several kinetic models including zero and first order, Higuchi square root, and Hixson-Crowell. Microspheres presented as mostly spherical particles and diffusional drug release was affected by microsphere construction. For this novel, dual surfactant system the microsphere matrix is a hydrophobic polymer and the release rate may be modulated with variation in ratio of dual surfactants. Dissolution data followed the Higuchi model and supports the formation of a monolithic microsphere matrix that releases theophylline by Fickian diffusion. Dual surfactants for preparation of microspheres are an inadequately studied research area that offers another means to modulate particle size and drug release. For the current study microspheres prepared with surfactant ratios of Span 65: Tween 40 between 3:1 and 2:1 provided the best control of size and drug release.
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2008
Theophylline controlled release capsules (THEO-24 CR) were used as a model system to evaluate acc... more Theophylline controlled release capsules (THEO-24 CR) were used as a model system to evaluate accelerated dissolution tests for process and quality control and formulation development of controlled release formulations. Dissolution test acceleration was provided by increasing temperature, pH, flow rate, or adding surfactant. Electron microscope studies on the theophylline microspheres subsequent to each experiment showed that at pH values of 6.6 and 7.6 the microspheres remained intact, but at pH 8.6 they showed deterioration. As temperature was increased from 37-57°C, no change in microsphere integrity was noted. Increased flow rate also showed no detrimental effect on integrity. The effect of increased temperature was determined to be the statistically significant variable.
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2010
The current investigation reports skin permeation of three novel mutual prodrugs (MP) which coupl... more The current investigation reports skin permeation of three novel mutual prodrugs (MP) which couple n-acetyl-glucosamine with an NSAID, either ketoprofen or ibuprofen. They were evaluated for transdermal permeation using shed snakeskin, and to our knowledge represent the first MPs synthesized for this purpose, although they also could be used for subcutaneous delivery. MPs are defined as two active drug compounds usually connected by an ester linkage. Glucosamine administration has been linked to damaged cartilage repair, and pain relief in joints afflicted with osteoarthritis. NSAIDs are commonly used orally in transdermal creams or gels for joint pain relief. Two novel compounds we report (MP1 and MP2) covalently link ibuprofen and ketoprofen directly to the amide nitrogen of n-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG); the other compound (MP3) covalently links ibuprofen to the amide nitrogen, using a short chain acetyl linker. Permeability studies show that the ketoprofen mutual prodrug (MP2) permeates shed snakeskin more than three times greater than either ibuprofen derivative, while ethanol markedly increases the permeation for all three. The ketoprofen mutual prodrug appears the most likely candidate for transdermal administration; all three mutual prodrugs may be candidates for subcutaneous injection.
American students at the Ph.D. level. His guidance, support and mentorship allowed me to garner h... more American students at the Ph.D. level. His guidance, support and mentorship allowed me to garner his four keys to success-teaching, research, service and outreach. Our adventures in the Pharmaceutical Development Laboratory have hopefully have laid a foundation for the success of product driven scientific experimentation, discovery and implementation in the delivery of drug products to improve and maintain the health of individuals as well animals. I am also very thankful for financial support I received from the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences as well as the Graduate School for its generous dissertation completion award. I am also very grateful to my advisory committee members, Drs. Parastoo Azadi, Michael G. Bartlett, J. Warren Beach, Won Jun and James C. Price for their help, advice and valuable suggestions throughout my work. Their knowledge and expertise were indispensable for the successful accomplishment of my studies. I am very thankful to Dr. Azadi's and Trina Abney for their tremendous help with the use of high pH anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC-PAD). Without their assistance, I would not have completed all of my studies. v My educational matriculation has been an exceptional journey-one that I had never dreamed of. I am very grateful to place where my foundation was laid, my Alma Mater-Jackson State University (JSU) and the lifelong lessons learned there. Here is where I earned my B.S in Chemistry (1999) under the most awesome faculty and staff anyone can imagine-Drs.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2004
Objectives. To examine the Coach Model for recruiting minority students for the pharmaceutical an... more Objectives. To examine the Coach Model for recruiting minority students for the pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences at the University of Georgia College of Pharmacy. The long-term goal is to establish the University of Georgia and the College of Pharmacy as a regional center for training minority scientists to solve problems concerning minority health disparities. Methods. Professional fairs, workshops, seminars, and campus visits were used to attract the most qualified students. Also vital to the recruitment effort is direct family contact, the location of supportive mentors, and funding. Results. The 9-year project resulted in the matriculation of 22 students to graduate programs in the College of Pharmacy. Eight have graduated and 13 are scheduled to graduate within 5 years. Only one student transferred to another institution. Funds are provided by a variety of sources, including the