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Papers by Dr gayathri ramesh

International journal of dental hygiene, Jan 3, 2017

Dental diseases negatively influence people's oral health-related quality of life and thus th... more Dental diseases negatively influence people's oral health-related quality of life and thus their perceived need for dental care. To test the validity and reliability of an Indian version of Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) index for college students and to identify age and sex-specific OIDP prevalence estimates. Cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 800 professional and non-professional bachelor degree college students of Udaipur, India aged between 17 and 24 years. Oral health-related quality of life among the college students was assessed through OIDP, tested for validity and reliability and then prevalence rates were estimated. Chi square test was employed for statistical analysis. Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.82. Sixty percent subjects reported at least one oral impact in last 6 months with overall mean OIDP score of 2.49±3.92. The most commonly affected performances were cleaning teeth (24%) and eating (12%). A significant association in o...

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2020

Originating in Wuhan, China, the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a maj... more Originating in Wuhan, China, the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major public health challenge for not only China but also countries around the world. The outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern as announced by the World Health Organization (WHO). For dental care provision to active or suspected COVID-19 cases, no universal protocol or guideline is available till date. Major challenges to worldwide health systems will have farreaching consequences on the global economy if the spread of the virus is not effectively controlled as a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak. So, in a nutshell, there is no point in being cynical about the future of the dental profession.

Introduction: Odontogenic cysts are characterized by an expansile non–infiltrative growth through... more Introduction: Odontogenic cysts are characterized by an expansile non–infiltrative growth through several mechanisms which include presence of mast cells in the capsule. The mast cells can be demonstrated histochemically as well as immunohistochemically. Aim and Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to analyze the presence and distribution of mast cells in radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst and keratocystic odontogenic tumor histochemically and immunohistochemically, to intercompare their expression and to correlate it with the degree of inflammation. Materials and Method: Tissue sections of 30 cases each of radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst and keratocystic odontogenic tumor were stained with toluidine blue and CD117. Quantitation and localization of mast cells was determined by dividing the section into subepithelial and deep zone. The mean number of mast cells was compared between toluidine blue and CD117 for each cyst, and also between two zones for each cyst, using AN...

Annals of Bioanthropology, 2016

Background: The characteristics of a tooth can differ among races and species and can constantly ... more Background: The characteristics of a tooth can differ among races and species and can constantly alter due to natural selection and the genetic changes. Therefore, the study of the morphological properties of the dental structures could aid in phylogenic and genetic studies including gathering information about intra- and inter-species variations. Objectives: To assess and compare the prevalence of cusp of Carabelli among three different Indian (Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Karnataka) populations. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 casts (50% each of males and females) were evaluated for the presence or absence of Carabelli trait among the study population according to the scale of Dahlberg's (1963) scale. Casts of participants having maxillary first permanent molars bilaterally without gross damage to morphology by caries, attrition, or any other trauma were included in the study. Chi-square test with a significance level of P< 0.05 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of Carabelli cusps was 57% (61% in males and 53% in females). The various groups showed a prevalence of 58.7%, 50%, and 61.7% in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Karnataka population, respectively. The differences in the observations between groups and also gender were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). The small vertical ridge and groove form were observed most commonly (31%), and small pit with minor grooves diverging from a depression form was the least prevalent (1.5%). Conclusions: The findings on the maxillary first permanent molar demonstrate that there was no significant difference in the prevalence of Carabelli cusps among the study populations.

Clinics and Practice, 2012

Rhabdomyosarcomas are among the most common soft-tissue tumors in children. These tumors are deri... more Rhabdomyosarcomas are among the most common soft-tissue tumors in children. These tumors are derived from mesenchymal tissue with a tendency toward myogenic differentiation that probably originates from immature and highly invasive satellite cells associated with the embryogenesis of skeletal muscle. Some of these tumors are associated with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. The diagnosis is made by microscopic analysis and auxiliary techniques such as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, cytogenetic analysis, and molecular biology. We report a case of 28- year-old man who presented with a painless progressive swelling of gingiva since 3 months, which was gradually increasing in size without any systemic symptoms or signs of any metastatic spread. An incisional biopsy was done and histopathology reported an alveolar variant of rhabdomyosarcoma. Immuno - histochemistry with panel of markers was done which showed positivity for CD99, vimentin and negative for desmin and my...

Objective: To assess the prevalence and severity of developmental defects and their relationship ... more Objective: To assess the prevalence and severity of developmental defects and their relationship to fluoride levels in drinking water. Methods: 739 (406 male and 333 female) schoolchildren aged 13 years formed the study population. We used the ion selective electrode method to estimate the fluoride concentration in drinking water. A modified developmental defects of enamel index was used for recording the developmental defects. The Karl Pearson coefficient for correlation and the chi-square test were used for statistical estimation. Results: The fluoride concentration ranged from 0.64 to 2.64 ppm. The prevalence of developmental defects was 88.5%. The most common type of defect was diffuse opacity in 61.2 % of the children. There was a significant positive correlation between the type (r = 0.85; P <.001) and extent (r = 0.92; P <.001) of devel-opmental defects in relation to fluoride levels in drinking water. Conclusion: The observed prevalence demonstrates the need to ascerta...

Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada

To quantify and compare respiratory functions and further screen the oral mucosa of tobacco and n... more To quantify and compare respiratory functions and further screen the oral mucosa of tobacco and non-tobacco users. Material and Methods: First control group, non-tobacco users (n=55); Second group, smokers' group (n=168) who currently smoked cigarettes; Third group smokeless/chewing type, tobacco group (n=81); Fourth group, both smokeless and smoking type tobacco users (n=46). Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependences (FTND) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) instruments were used to assess nicotine dependence. Subsequently, spirometry and Toluidine Blue (TB) vital staining were performed. Chi-squared and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Fagerstrom test resulted in 48.8% of subjects with low dependency, followed by an increase in nicotine dependency from low to moderate (29.2%), moderate (15.6%), and highly dependent (6.4%) groups. All respiratory function tests and oral screening confirmed significant changes amongst tobacco and non-tobacco users. The forced vital capacity of non-smoker group was significantly different from other tobacco users' group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Early effects of tobacco use can lead to complications with the respiratory system and oral cavity. Such data can be used to delineate the harm of tobacco and should be used to urge individuals to evade the utilization of tobacco.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Objectives: To assess the in-vitro antifungal action of propolis in contrast with the standard me... more Objectives: To assess the in-vitro antifungal action of propolis in contrast with the standard medications, fluconazole and chlorhexidine against Oral Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) as well as MFC (Minimum fungicidal concentration) were attained from propolis, fluconazole and chlorhexidine against oral Candida albicans and GC-MS Analysis were completed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Repeated measures ANOVA tests were used for comparison of quantitative data. Results: The mean zone of inhibition showed an increasing trend with increase in concentration of all the extracts. At all concentrations mean zone of inhibition was identified to be significantly highest with chlorhexidine. The mean zone of inhibition at 25mcg/ml concentration was found to be most noteworthy for chlorhexidine followed by ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Propolis. Conclusions: Propolis has an antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The mean zone o...

Journal of Forensic Research, 2021

Background: Forensic facial reconstruction (FFR) is a mixture of science and art, as it attempts ... more Background: Forensic facial reconstruction (FFR) is a mixture of science and art, as it attempts to reestablish the contours of the soft tissues over the skull. From a forensic point of view, identification of an unknown body relies heavily on this visual aspect of recognition. Accurate facial soft tissue thickness data are essential for acceptable results. Facial reconstruction (FR) relies on the relationships between the facial features, subcutaneous soft tissues and underlying bony structure of the skull. If impossible to compare questioned remains with possible familiar material, in such cases one of the last chances is to recreate ante mortem appearance is by FR. Within forensic anthropology facial reconstruction is employed when all other alternatives are unsuccessful, thus it is a last resort employed in the anticipation that someone, somewhere, will be able to identify the deceased and offer clues to law enforcement investigators which ultimately lead to an arrest.

Journal of Indian Dental Association Madras, 2021

INTRODUCTION: Malignant neoplasm is a major cause of death in developed countries, and its incide... more INTRODUCTION: Malignant neoplasm is a major cause of death in developed countries, and its incidence continues to grow. Diabetes mellitus is a serious and leading health problem. Recent studies demonstrated that Diabetes mellitus (DM) was associated with a higher risk of Head and Neck cancer. Only a few population-based studies, especially in Asian populations, have addressed these issues. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the relationship between Diabetes mellitus and Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) in reference to their socio-economic status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 483 HNC patients aged above 15 years. The data was collected from patients reporting to Mahavir Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Patna, and Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Center, Kanpur. Blood sugar level was tested to assess the status of diabetes mellitus. The demographic details such as place, social-economic status (SES), age and sex were recorded. Control group of 100 p...

among dentists of Udaipur, India

Aims: To evaluate the soft tissue destruction capacity by different kinds of concentrated acids d... more Aims: To evaluate the soft tissue destruction capacity by different kinds of concentrated acids during acid attack and to assess how much time is required for the acids to reach the teeth after destruction of soft tissues. Method: Upper anterior teeth were embedded in flesh (mutton) and placed in different concentrated acids such as 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl), 65% nitric acid (HNO3), and 96% sulphuric acid (H2SO4) for different time intervals (15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 3, 5 and 8 hours). Further findings were noted at every step for soft tissue changes and radiographs were taken for the tooth specimen at every time interval. Results: H2SO4 dissolved soft tissue rapidly than hard tissue (30 minutes) and HCl dissolved hard tissue more rapidly than soft tissue (5 hours). HNO3 took more time to dissolve soft and hard tissues compared to other two concentrated acids. Conclusion: The morphology of the tooth was maintained in HCl upto 3 hours, in HNO3 solution for 5 hours, and in H2SO4 f...

Objective Candida yeast species are widespread opportunistic microbes and incidence of its carria... more Objective Candida yeast species are widespread opportunistic microbes and incidence of its carriage in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic controls is not clearly defined. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify the candida species in type I, type II diabetes mellitus patients and in controls. Study comprised of 60 subjects in the age range of 20 to 65 years, consisting of two groups of diabetes patients with controlled diabetic status (20 subjects each with type I and type II) and 20 age and sex matched controls. Saliva samples were collected from all groups and inoculated on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) to check for the fungus growth. The confirmed candidal colonies were further inoculated on CHROMagar for different colour differentiation. Out of 60 samples, 40 (66.67%) showed a positive fungal prevalence. Out of 40 positive fungal prevalence 82.50% were representative of candida. The positive fungal prevalence for candida I was 48.48%, in group I...

Background : A major public concern in today’s world is child abuse and neglect (CAN). Teachers a... more Background : A major public concern in today’s world is child abuse and neglect (CAN). Teachers are in unique position to detect possible cases due to their daily contact with children. To assess the knowledge and awareness on recognizing and reporting child abuse and neglect among primary school teachers of Kanpur city. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 220 primary school teachers in 19 randomly selected schools of Kanpur city, Uttar Pradesh, India. A structured close ended questionnaire prepared in two languages (English and National language Hindi) comprising of 19 questions was used. Results: CAN was either never or rarely noticed among 47.3%. The criteria of recognizing the CAN was known by 57% and 90% felt comfortable considering an expert opinion in their schools and so can report confidently. Training to identify CAN was provided by school administration (36.4%) and was done on monthly basis (34.5%). Conclusion: Findings highlight the need for...

Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, 2021

Objective: To assess the current level of oral health knowledge and identify information sources ... more Objective: To assess the current level of oral health knowledge and identify information sources among adolescents in Bhubaneswar, India. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional examination was conducted among 1330 adolescents aged 13 to 15 years enrolled in 24 randomly selected government and private schools in Bhubaneswar. A specially designed self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the responses. Chi-square test with a level of significance set at 5% was used for statistical analysis. Results: Parents (55%) followed by media (18%) were the major sources of oral health information among the study population, which was statistically not significant in relation to gender and school type. Many subjects (95.3%) perceived sweets could cause tooth decay; however, this was statistically significant only among school type (p<0.05). Around (45%) knew about fluoride and only 36% properly identified fluoride's action as preventing cavities. This was statistically significant among both gender and school type (p<0.05). Seventy-five percent of students effectively distinguished gum disease symptoms, which was significant only with gender (p<0.05). Around 55% identified that oral habits have an influence on oral health, which showed significance among gender (p<0.05). Conclusion: Children oral health knowledge was not satisfactory, highlighting the need to utilize parents, schoolteachers and media to provide oral health education. It's essential for designing and implementing a person-centered care model in dentistry.

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal, 2018

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 2012

Context: Significant increase in vascularity occurs during the transition from normal oral mucosa... more Context: Significant increase in vascularity occurs during the transition from normal oral mucosa, through differing degrees of dysplasia, to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Aims: To evaluate microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in oral tumorigenesis and correlate it with the clinicopathological characteristics. Settings and Design: VEGF expression and MVD were quantified immunohistochemically using anti-VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody. Materials and Methods: For this study we used a total of 60 archival specimens, including 10 normal oral mucosa (NOM), 7 mild epithelial dysplasia (Mild ED), 8 moderate epithelial dysplasia (Mod ED), 5 severe epithelial dysplasia (SED), 14 well-differentiated SCC, 11 moderately-differentiated SCC, and 5 poorly-differentiated SCC. VEGF expression was assessed in relation to the localization, intensity, and area of the immunohistochemically stained cells. MVD was evaluated using the Image-Pro ® Plus software. Statistical Analysis: One-way ANOVA (F test) was carried out for comparing the parameters for multiple groups such as different histopathological grades of dysplasia and carcinoma. Comparison between groups was carried out using the Student's 't' test. Correlations between VEGF score and MVD were estimated using the Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation. Results: VEGF and MVD appeared to increase with disease progression and were statistically higher in oral SCC than in epithelial dysplasia and normal buccal mucosa. There was significant correlation between VEGF expression and MVD. Conclusions: These findings indicate that VEGF expression is upregulated during head and neck tumorigenesis.

Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 2015

Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed type of induced sensitivity (allergy) resulting fr... more Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed type of induced sensitivity (allergy) resulting from cutaneous contact with a specific allergen to which and patient has developed a specific sensitivity. This allergic reaction causes inflammation of the skin manifested by varying degrees of erythema, edema, and vesiculation. No diagnostic test exists for this. The diagnosis rests on the exclusion of other cutaneous diseases and on the clinical appearance skin at a site sufficiently exposed to a known cutaneous irritant. A case of ACD in a male patient of aged about 25 years who reported to the clinic with a chief complaint of redness and itching on right lateral region of the face since a day.

$Research paper thumbnail of Abfraction: Concepts Revisited$

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology

Abfractions are angular, wedge shaped defects present at cervical part of teeth. These are caused... more Abfractions are angular, wedge shaped defects present at cervical part of teeth. These are caused by mechanical overloading initiated by cuspal flexure. Clinically, present as notches in the tooth structure near or even under gum line usually on the cheek side of tooth. Up until now, research into the causes of abfractions seems to be divided into two camps; some researchers argue for tooth brushes and other artificial forces as the cause while some also point out the internal physiological sources as the culprit. The latter argument, though not providing a complete explanation, does offer a significant clue to the real cause of this troubling phenomenon. This article therefore deals with current facts and myths about abfraction.