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Papers by Effat Sheikhbahaeddinzadeh

Deleted Journal, Jun 1, 2023

PubMed, Sep 30, 2023

Introduction: As to the significance of clinical competency, the competency concept should be up-... more Introduction: As to the significance of clinical competency, the competency concept should be up-to-date periodically until clinical competency is evaluated based on it. This study aimed to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of a new tool to measure the postgraduate psychiatric nursing students' competencies. Methods: The current study was conducted with a sequential exploratory mixed-method, in Iran, in 2019 -2022. The qualitative part was conventional content analysis, and the quantitative part was a methodology study. The questionnaire was developed by the item generation via individual semi-structured interviews with 21 participants sampled purposefully, and a literature systematic review. In the quantitative phase, psychometric analysis was performed based on consensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments (COSMIN) criteria, and using face, content, and construct (i.e., convergent, known group, and exploratory factor analysis done on 199 postgraduate psychiatric nursing students by available sampling) validity. t-test analysis was used to compare the clinical competence ratings of two groups of experienced and inexperienced postgraduate psychiatric nursing students. Additionally, dependability was examined for internal consistency, stability over a one-month period, and measurement error. The sampling technique used for content validity was deliberate. Then, the responsiveness (through minimally detectable changes), and interpretability (through minimal important changes) were calculated. Results: The questionnaire consisted of 43 items. Construct validity assessment via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed that 67.53% of the cumulative variance was explained by two factors: "Education and nursing care" (23 items) and "Evidence based psychiatric nursing interventions" (20 items). The convergent validity with one golden standard instrument was 0.49. The difference of the clinical competency scores of the two groups of experienced and novice was significant (p<0.001). The internal consistency of the entire instrument, and the first and second factors analyzed using alpha Cronbach (α) were respectively 0.947, 0.897, and 0.891. Stability was confirmed by the ICC agreement 0.956 for interrater (CI 0.907-0.980). Standard error of measurement was 3.14. The competency score of students based on their demographic information was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The 43-item postgraduate psychiatric nursing students' clinical competency questionnaire is a valid and reliable newly developed instrument. Further studies are recommended to be conducted to assess competency with the largest sample size to promote instrument.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 31, 2022

Research Square (Research Square), Feb 4, 2021

Background: Due to getting optimal psychiatric nursing care, competent psychiatric nurses is requ... more Background: Due to getting optimal psychiatric nursing care, competent psychiatric nurses is required. One approach for MSc psychiatric nursing studentsò ptimal clinical competency is clinical education. Identifying the factors affecting on achieving maximum scienti c and technical abilities, education would be more effective. This study aims to explore the meta competency required in MSc students in psychiatric nursing. Methods: This is a qualitative study with content analysis approach conducted on 21 participants in Iran. Sampling were done based on purposive sampling. Data were collected using individual semi structured and in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis. The rigor of qualitative data were assessed using the 4 criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln. Results: Four dimensions were revealed: (1)Thinking and clinical reasoning skills, (2)Dynamic learning, (3)Research and evidence based practice, (4)Human and organizational management. Each category had several distinct sub-categories. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that meta-competency for psychiatric nursing MSc students is multidimensional concept. The ndings of the study can be used for educating MSc students in psychiatric nursing and evaluating meta competency. More studies on meta competency required psychiatric nursing students and designing an objective tool for assessing them meta competency in Iran are proposed.

Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Journal of Education and Health Promotion


Journal of psychiatric nursing, 2020

Introduction: "Clinical competency" is a complicated concept which is important in nurs... more Introduction: "Clinical competency" is a complicated concept which is important in nursing profession for safe caring. However; there is no certainty on clinical competence definition as the kind of psychiatric nursing services changes based on context. A clear definition of clinical competency leads to identify the essential components and its application in research or clinical practice and provides the best possible standards of care. The aim of present study was to analyze the clinical competency concept to identify its attributes, antecedents and consequences. Methods: Six step Rodgers’ concept analysis method was used. First, the key words were selected with reviewing articles. The key words of psychiatric nurse, clinical competency,competence, nursing, students , in databases of SID, PubMed, Archives of psychiatric nursing , IJPN were searched in Persian and English in single or combind. Regarding the evidences time period between 1980 to 2018 and the psychiatric co...


Background: One of the most important tasks of a university is to assess their weaknesses and bui... more Background: One of the most important tasks of a university is to assess their weaknesses and build upon their strengths. As the education and skill level of psychiatric nursing graduates in Iran is often unpredictable, we hope to improve the current curriculum by comparing it to a successful educational program. Objective: The current study compared the psychiatric nursing curriculum in Iran with that of Canada in order to assess differences and suggest improvements. Methods: This is a descriptive comparative study conducted in 2018. In order to obtain the required information on the psychiatric nursing field, we utilized the Iran Health Ministry website and several Canadian universities offering psychiatric nursing graduate programs. Data was collected through a comprehensive internet search using databases in both Persian and English. We utilized the four steps of the comparison model, also known as Bereday’s four-stage method. Comparative analysis was conducted on the following...

Background: Due to getting optimal psychiatric nursing care, competent psychiatric nurses is requ... more Background: Due to getting optimal psychiatric nursing care, competent psychiatric nurses is required. One approach for MSc psychiatric nursing students` optimal clinical competency is clinical education. Identifying the factors affecting on achieving maximum scientific and technical abilities, education would be more effective. This study aims to explore the meta competency required in MSc students in psychiatric nursing.Methods: This is a qualitative study with content analysis approach conducted on 21 participants in Iran. Sampling were done based on purposive sampling. Data were collected using individual semi structured and in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis. The rigor of qualitative data were assessed using the 4 criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln. Results: Four dimensions were revealed: (1)Thinking and clinical reasoning skills, (2)Dynamic learning, (3)Research and evidence based practice, (4)Human and organizational m...

Deleted Journal, Jun 1, 2023

PubMed, Sep 30, 2023

Introduction: As to the significance of clinical competency, the competency concept should be up-... more Introduction: As to the significance of clinical competency, the competency concept should be up-to-date periodically until clinical competency is evaluated based on it. This study aimed to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of a new tool to measure the postgraduate psychiatric nursing students' competencies. Methods: The current study was conducted with a sequential exploratory mixed-method, in Iran, in 2019 -2022. The qualitative part was conventional content analysis, and the quantitative part was a methodology study. The questionnaire was developed by the item generation via individual semi-structured interviews with 21 participants sampled purposefully, and a literature systematic review. In the quantitative phase, psychometric analysis was performed based on consensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments (COSMIN) criteria, and using face, content, and construct (i.e., convergent, known group, and exploratory factor analysis done on 199 postgraduate psychiatric nursing students by available sampling) validity. t-test analysis was used to compare the clinical competence ratings of two groups of experienced and inexperienced postgraduate psychiatric nursing students. Additionally, dependability was examined for internal consistency, stability over a one-month period, and measurement error. The sampling technique used for content validity was deliberate. Then, the responsiveness (through minimally detectable changes), and interpretability (through minimal important changes) were calculated. Results: The questionnaire consisted of 43 items. Construct validity assessment via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed that 67.53% of the cumulative variance was explained by two factors: "Education and nursing care" (23 items) and "Evidence based psychiatric nursing interventions" (20 items). The convergent validity with one golden standard instrument was 0.49. The difference of the clinical competency scores of the two groups of experienced and novice was significant (p<0.001). The internal consistency of the entire instrument, and the first and second factors analyzed using alpha Cronbach (α) were respectively 0.947, 0.897, and 0.891. Stability was confirmed by the ICC agreement 0.956 for interrater (CI 0.907-0.980). Standard error of measurement was 3.14. The competency score of students based on their demographic information was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The 43-item postgraduate psychiatric nursing students' clinical competency questionnaire is a valid and reliable newly developed instrument. Further studies are recommended to be conducted to assess competency with the largest sample size to promote instrument.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 31, 2022

Research Square (Research Square), Feb 4, 2021

Background: Due to getting optimal psychiatric nursing care, competent psychiatric nurses is requ... more Background: Due to getting optimal psychiatric nursing care, competent psychiatric nurses is required. One approach for MSc psychiatric nursing studentsò ptimal clinical competency is clinical education. Identifying the factors affecting on achieving maximum scienti c and technical abilities, education would be more effective. This study aims to explore the meta competency required in MSc students in psychiatric nursing. Methods: This is a qualitative study with content analysis approach conducted on 21 participants in Iran. Sampling were done based on purposive sampling. Data were collected using individual semi structured and in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis. The rigor of qualitative data were assessed using the 4 criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln. Results: Four dimensions were revealed: (1)Thinking and clinical reasoning skills, (2)Dynamic learning, (3)Research and evidence based practice, (4)Human and organizational management. Each category had several distinct sub-categories. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that meta-competency for psychiatric nursing MSc students is multidimensional concept. The ndings of the study can be used for educating MSc students in psychiatric nursing and evaluating meta competency. More studies on meta competency required psychiatric nursing students and designing an objective tool for assessing them meta competency in Iran are proposed.

Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Journal of Education and Health Promotion


Journal of psychiatric nursing, 2020

Introduction: "Clinical competency" is a complicated concept which is important in nurs... more Introduction: "Clinical competency" is a complicated concept which is important in nursing profession for safe caring. However; there is no certainty on clinical competence definition as the kind of psychiatric nursing services changes based on context. A clear definition of clinical competency leads to identify the essential components and its application in research or clinical practice and provides the best possible standards of care. The aim of present study was to analyze the clinical competency concept to identify its attributes, antecedents and consequences. Methods: Six step Rodgers’ concept analysis method was used. First, the key words were selected with reviewing articles. The key words of psychiatric nurse, clinical competency,competence, nursing, students , in databases of SID, PubMed, Archives of psychiatric nursing , IJPN were searched in Persian and English in single or combind. Regarding the evidences time period between 1980 to 2018 and the psychiatric co...


Background: One of the most important tasks of a university is to assess their weaknesses and bui... more Background: One of the most important tasks of a university is to assess their weaknesses and build upon their strengths. As the education and skill level of psychiatric nursing graduates in Iran is often unpredictable, we hope to improve the current curriculum by comparing it to a successful educational program. Objective: The current study compared the psychiatric nursing curriculum in Iran with that of Canada in order to assess differences and suggest improvements. Methods: This is a descriptive comparative study conducted in 2018. In order to obtain the required information on the psychiatric nursing field, we utilized the Iran Health Ministry website and several Canadian universities offering psychiatric nursing graduate programs. Data was collected through a comprehensive internet search using databases in both Persian and English. We utilized the four steps of the comparison model, also known as Bereday’s four-stage method. Comparative analysis was conducted on the following...

Background: Due to getting optimal psychiatric nursing care, competent psychiatric nurses is requ... more Background: Due to getting optimal psychiatric nursing care, competent psychiatric nurses is required. One approach for MSc psychiatric nursing students` optimal clinical competency is clinical education. Identifying the factors affecting on achieving maximum scientific and technical abilities, education would be more effective. This study aims to explore the meta competency required in MSc students in psychiatric nursing.Methods: This is a qualitative study with content analysis approach conducted on 21 participants in Iran. Sampling were done based on purposive sampling. Data were collected using individual semi structured and in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis. The rigor of qualitative data were assessed using the 4 criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln. Results: Four dimensions were revealed: (1)Thinking and clinical reasoning skills, (2)Dynamic learning, (3)Research and evidence based practice, (4)Human and organizational m...