Edward Toton - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Edward Toton
Annals of Physics, Jul 1, 1972
A 3 + l-dimensional decomposition is made of a two-tensor theory of gravity proposed by Saiam et ... more A 3 + l-dimensional decomposition is made of a two-tensor theory of gravity proposed by Saiam et al. It is found that the gauge invariance roles of the two tensors are very symmetric, so that the massiveness or masslessness of the fields is ambiguous. Constraint equations are derived by elimination of gauge variables. The form of the constraints casts doubt on the sign of the total energy of the theory.
Journal of Mathematical Physics, May 1, 1970
By first casting the scalar-tensor theory into canonical form, the constraint equations are obtai... more By first casting the scalar-tensor theory into canonical form, the constraint equations are obtained from which it is possible to discuss the self-energy problem of the neutral particle and the electron. With the assumptions of Minkowski space and a constant scalar field as boundary conditions at infinity, it is shown by variational arguments that the inertia of these objects is unchanged from the corresponding general relativity values. Accordingly, if the boundary value of the scalar is altered by a change of matter at infinity, the mass of the electron is unchanged. From this point of view, the scalar-tensor theory is no more compatible with Mach's principle than is general relativity.
Journal of Chemical Physics, Jan 15, 1982
A simple physical model is developed for the interaction of molecules with compressive waves in c... more A simple physical model is developed for the interaction of molecules with compressive waves in condensed explosives. Multiphonon excitation of the internal vibrational levels of the molecules is shown to be possible and to exceed thermal dissociation rates. A calculation of the threshold condition for which a self-sustaining reaction can occur is given.
Annals of Physics, Sep 1, 1974
The two-and three-body correlation energies in liquid 3He are calculated within the framework of ... more The two-and three-body correlation energies in liquid 3He are calculated within the framework of Brueckner-Goldstone theory. Various approximations taken from nuclear matter calculations and used in previous liquid helium studies are examined and improved upon. The dependence of the g-matrix elements on the center of mass momentum of the interacting particles and the question of the self-consistency of the hole spectrum are treated more systematically and extensively than before. The contribution to the three-body energy of relative partial wave interactions with nonzero relative angular momentum is studied in some detail for the first time. Rotating Magnetic Neutron Stars in General Relativity.
Physical Review Letters, Nov 4, 1968
Journal of Mathematical Physics, Sep 1, 1970
In this part variational techniques are used to generate the differential equations determining t... more In this part variational techniques are used to generate the differential equations determining the static fields of a charged mass distribution. The equations are solved external to the source by the Hamilton-Jacobi method under the conditions of spherical symmetry. Solutions for a charged mass shell are investigated, the rigorous solution for the electron in general relativity is given and, by limit arguments, it is shown that the same external solution arises for the electron in the scalar-tensor theory.
Even if the US Cold War nuclear deterrence system could be regarded as a triumphant success becau... more Even if the US Cold War nuclear deterrence system could be regarded as a triumphant success because no nuclear war occurred between the United States and the Soviet Union, the strategic nuclear deterrence system of today must contend with a geopolitical landscape far more complicated than that of the Cold War. Seven acknowledged nuclear powers exist, and others, including transnational organizations, are attempting to join their ranks. Multiple nuclear states, nuclear capabilities that vary widely in technological sophistication, and different levels of stockpiles and security implementations all suggest that the nuclear deterrence landscape is far more uncertain in its risk of failure than at any other time in history. These components also suggest that the nuclear deterrence system has features that are consistent with the formal definition of complex systems; therefore, complex systems theory is most appropriate for addressing fundamental questions of risk. We explore these featu...
Statistics and Public Policy, 2022
Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security, 2009
ABSTRACT
Journal of Aerosol Science, 2012
The purpose of this research is twofold. First, we present a new generalized form of the discrete... more The purpose of this research is twofold. First, we present a new generalized form of the discrete Smoluchowski agglomeration equations derived from a weak formulation of the continuous equations which provides a direct extension of the equations to polysized particles. This formulation is shown to preserve particle mass conservation provided the test functions form a partition of unity, and yields a class of algorithms having straightforward and efficient implementations. Verifications and computed convergence rates of the numerical algorithm, comparisons to other methods, and validations of agglomeration due to turbulent shear are provided. Secondly, we use these algorithms for a study of two-species (agent-countermeasure) particle agglomeration. Computations based on the solution of the non-dimensional equations are provided and applied to an analysis of agent reduction through the introduction of countermeasure particles for both turbulent shear and acoustic agglomeration.
The body of unclassified and declassified documents and eyewitness testimony from participants on... more The body of unclassified and declassified documents and eyewitness testimony from participants on both sides of the Cuban missile crisis has revealed numerous instances of potential escalation to nuclear war. Some of the potential escalations resulted from incomplete information, others from inappropriate subordinate action, and still others from actual missteps. It can be argued that these represent "close calls" that provide an evidentiary basis for inferring the risk of failure of nuclear deterrence. On the other hand, according to the declassified Defense Department assessment of military operations during the crisis, "The military establishment responded to a threat to our national security promptly, with imagination, vigor, and an exemplary degree of professional competence and skill. " This statement is consistent with the optimistic view that the US deterrence system in place during the crisis had such a degree of reliability that close calls were either manageable or of such low risk that they did not jeopardize the system's overall performance.
The body of unclassified and declassified documents and eyewitness testimony from participants on... more The body of unclassified and declassified documents and eyewitness testimony from participants on both sides of the Cuban missile crisis has revealed numerous instances of potential escalation to nuclear war. Some of the potential escalations resulted from incomplete information, others from inappropriate subordinate action, and still others from actual missteps. It can be argued that these represent "close calls" that provide an evidentiary basis for inferring the risk of failure of nuclear deterrence. On the other hand, according to the declassified Defense Department assessment of military operations during the crisis, "The military establishment responded to a threat to our national security promptly, with imagination, vigor, and an exemplary degree of professional competence and skill. " This statement is consistent with the optimistic view that the US deterrence system in place during the crisis had such a degree of reliability that close calls were either manageable or of such low risk that they did not jeopardize the system's overall performance.
Annals of Physics, Jul 1, 1972
A 3 + l-dimensional decomposition is made of a two-tensor theory of gravity proposed by Saiam et ... more A 3 + l-dimensional decomposition is made of a two-tensor theory of gravity proposed by Saiam et al. It is found that the gauge invariance roles of the two tensors are very symmetric, so that the massiveness or masslessness of the fields is ambiguous. Constraint equations are derived by elimination of gauge variables. The form of the constraints casts doubt on the sign of the total energy of the theory.
Journal of Mathematical Physics, May 1, 1970
By first casting the scalar-tensor theory into canonical form, the constraint equations are obtai... more By first casting the scalar-tensor theory into canonical form, the constraint equations are obtained from which it is possible to discuss the self-energy problem of the neutral particle and the electron. With the assumptions of Minkowski space and a constant scalar field as boundary conditions at infinity, it is shown by variational arguments that the inertia of these objects is unchanged from the corresponding general relativity values. Accordingly, if the boundary value of the scalar is altered by a change of matter at infinity, the mass of the electron is unchanged. From this point of view, the scalar-tensor theory is no more compatible with Mach's principle than is general relativity.
Journal of Chemical Physics, Jan 15, 1982
A simple physical model is developed for the interaction of molecules with compressive waves in c... more A simple physical model is developed for the interaction of molecules with compressive waves in condensed explosives. Multiphonon excitation of the internal vibrational levels of the molecules is shown to be possible and to exceed thermal dissociation rates. A calculation of the threshold condition for which a self-sustaining reaction can occur is given.
Annals of Physics, Sep 1, 1974
The two-and three-body correlation energies in liquid 3He are calculated within the framework of ... more The two-and three-body correlation energies in liquid 3He are calculated within the framework of Brueckner-Goldstone theory. Various approximations taken from nuclear matter calculations and used in previous liquid helium studies are examined and improved upon. The dependence of the g-matrix elements on the center of mass momentum of the interacting particles and the question of the self-consistency of the hole spectrum are treated more systematically and extensively than before. The contribution to the three-body energy of relative partial wave interactions with nonzero relative angular momentum is studied in some detail for the first time. Rotating Magnetic Neutron Stars in General Relativity.
Physical Review Letters, Nov 4, 1968
Journal of Mathematical Physics, Sep 1, 1970
In this part variational techniques are used to generate the differential equations determining t... more In this part variational techniques are used to generate the differential equations determining the static fields of a charged mass distribution. The equations are solved external to the source by the Hamilton-Jacobi method under the conditions of spherical symmetry. Solutions for a charged mass shell are investigated, the rigorous solution for the electron in general relativity is given and, by limit arguments, it is shown that the same external solution arises for the electron in the scalar-tensor theory.
Even if the US Cold War nuclear deterrence system could be regarded as a triumphant success becau... more Even if the US Cold War nuclear deterrence system could be regarded as a triumphant success because no nuclear war occurred between the United States and the Soviet Union, the strategic nuclear deterrence system of today must contend with a geopolitical landscape far more complicated than that of the Cold War. Seven acknowledged nuclear powers exist, and others, including transnational organizations, are attempting to join their ranks. Multiple nuclear states, nuclear capabilities that vary widely in technological sophistication, and different levels of stockpiles and security implementations all suggest that the nuclear deterrence landscape is far more uncertain in its risk of failure than at any other time in history. These components also suggest that the nuclear deterrence system has features that are consistent with the formal definition of complex systems; therefore, complex systems theory is most appropriate for addressing fundamental questions of risk. We explore these featu...
Statistics and Public Policy, 2022
Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security, 2009
ABSTRACT
Journal of Aerosol Science, 2012
The purpose of this research is twofold. First, we present a new generalized form of the discrete... more The purpose of this research is twofold. First, we present a new generalized form of the discrete Smoluchowski agglomeration equations derived from a weak formulation of the continuous equations which provides a direct extension of the equations to polysized particles. This formulation is shown to preserve particle mass conservation provided the test functions form a partition of unity, and yields a class of algorithms having straightforward and efficient implementations. Verifications and computed convergence rates of the numerical algorithm, comparisons to other methods, and validations of agglomeration due to turbulent shear are provided. Secondly, we use these algorithms for a study of two-species (agent-countermeasure) particle agglomeration. Computations based on the solution of the non-dimensional equations are provided and applied to an analysis of agent reduction through the introduction of countermeasure particles for both turbulent shear and acoustic agglomeration.
The body of unclassified and declassified documents and eyewitness testimony from participants on... more The body of unclassified and declassified documents and eyewitness testimony from participants on both sides of the Cuban missile crisis has revealed numerous instances of potential escalation to nuclear war. Some of the potential escalations resulted from incomplete information, others from inappropriate subordinate action, and still others from actual missteps. It can be argued that these represent "close calls" that provide an evidentiary basis for inferring the risk of failure of nuclear deterrence. On the other hand, according to the declassified Defense Department assessment of military operations during the crisis, "The military establishment responded to a threat to our national security promptly, with imagination, vigor, and an exemplary degree of professional competence and skill. " This statement is consistent with the optimistic view that the US deterrence system in place during the crisis had such a degree of reliability that close calls were either manageable or of such low risk that they did not jeopardize the system's overall performance.
The body of unclassified and declassified documents and eyewitness testimony from participants on... more The body of unclassified and declassified documents and eyewitness testimony from participants on both sides of the Cuban missile crisis has revealed numerous instances of potential escalation to nuclear war. Some of the potential escalations resulted from incomplete information, others from inappropriate subordinate action, and still others from actual missteps. It can be argued that these represent "close calls" that provide an evidentiary basis for inferring the risk of failure of nuclear deterrence. On the other hand, according to the declassified Defense Department assessment of military operations during the crisis, "The military establishment responded to a threat to our national security promptly, with imagination, vigor, and an exemplary degree of professional competence and skill. " This statement is consistent with the optimistic view that the US deterrence system in place during the crisis had such a degree of reliability that close calls were either manageable or of such low risk that they did not jeopardize the system's overall performance.