Elmira Kushta - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Elmira Kushta
International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Computational Science and Systems Engineering
In this paper we consider the apparent changes in consumer spending in a real market (Vlora Count... more In this paper we consider the apparent changes in consumer spending in a real market (Vlora County). By calculating the latent variable of discounts as it is done, we do not interpret the net of expenses. We found that discounts stimulate spending behavior, which shows that the consumer buys the minimum as well as the highest prices and not with the right budget. Essentially, the ecological steps here have functioned as data-oriented modeling that reduces subjective or am approaches to econometric and marketing analysis. The complexity of separate actions and then its dimensions and reduced the model of conclusion and improved analysis.
Journal of Human, Earth, and Future
Since the introduction of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) in 1992, the CI tests have been widel... more Since the introduction of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) in 1992, the CI tests have been widely used for measuring conceptual knowledge and for studying teaching issues in almost all disciplines and levels of study. A standard concept inventory analysis includes the design of a qualitative test, adequate realization of testing, calibration procedure, and comprehensive analysis of its findings. Usually, the CI test calibration is carried out through the Rasch sociometric technique, which is also used for calculating crucial indicators of knowledge such as item difficulties, students’ abilities, and many more. Whereas the quality of the tests’ design can be guaranteed by using certified and professional CI tests, the statistical adequacy of the testing merits critical attention before going on to the final step of the analysis. Also, the analysis of CI outcomes can be advanced by contemplating auxiliary tools and complementary techniques. In this framework, we propose to enforce th...
Journal of Advances in Mathematics, Mar 30, 2018
This study focuses on the family, enabling data collection and processing to come to the conclusi... more This study focuses on the family, enabling data collection and processing to come to the conclusion that it spends on average a month in a family in the city of Vlora. The data was collected in written and electronic form with a form that was drafted following the study of many models performed in economically developed countries. Contribution was given by more than 100 families involved in the survey. This paper aims to look at the essence of decision-making by applying the mathematical methods that approximate the average cost per capita for the city of Vlora and are equal to 1 328 lek, the understanding of the basic concepts of these managerial and conceptual disciplines and to increase the level of application of these methods and principles among stakeholders in decision-making in all levels of politics, economy, society, etc.
Journal of physics, 2021
In this work we have studied the spreading of militantism in 1D and 2D square lattice by operatin... more In this work we have studied the spreading of militantism in 1D and 2D square lattice by operating the q-XY opinion and its utility optimization as control mechanism for the update process. The average utility and opinion value for a pair of opinion nodes are calculated in the framework of standard statistical mechanics using the q-opinion utility U = − J 2 ( O → 2 − 2 ) − F O → + q ( J 2 ( O → 2 − 2 ) ∗ F O → ) . The agreement with an incoming zealot opinion is modelled as one by one dialogue starting from a random opinion configuration. Each time step one node updates its opinion value according to a set of rules and by specific probabilities based on local utility improvement. New opinion values are accepted with a Metropolis-like probability calculated by employing q-utilities of the nodes under updating process. For the chain opinion structure in the interaction type preserving regimes where 1 − q J 2 ( O → 2 − 2 ) > 0 given 0 ≤ O ≤ 1 it resulted that that both 1D and 2D structures accept the militant offer only partially. For bounded chain the agreement level is at average values for short chain and low values for bounded long opinion chain. Bounded chain structures are found resistant toward militantism accommodation. For square opinion lattices we obtained also that the militant attitude would never cover all the community. Homogenous-nodes group resulted somewhat deterring in accepting the militant opinion with an agreement level of around 0.6. For heterogonous communities the edge agreement level closed up to around 0.7-0.8. The model reproduces the fact that there would be always a fraction of opposition whatsoever regime is applied. It produces various outcomes imitating the complexity of the social behaviour.
WSEAS transactions on business and economics, Apr 24, 2023
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2013
Joyce Carol Oates is undoubtedly one of the contemporary writers in the American literature who w... more Joyce Carol Oates is undoubtedly one of the contemporary writers in the American literature who writes about the evils of the American society. But what adds originality to her approach is the absence of interpretations or value judgment about what she is reporting. She places herself in the position of an observer who merely states the facts that she sees. Through the employment of contemporary historical events and actual physical places, Oates is both a novelist and a social critic. She chooses this way, though not clearly stated, to show Americans that they are the characters of her novels and pointing out the direction in which their lives are headed. Her early novels,
Scientific Horizons
The relevance of the study is determined by the need to identify solutions to increase the produc... more The relevance of the study is determined by the need to identify solutions to increase the productivity of agricultural and food enterprises in Albania and to improve their production. The purpose of the study is to analyse the production of agricultural and food products, the level of remuneration of agricultural workers, the impact of state financial assistance on production volumes, and to provide proposals for increasing productivity in the agricultural sector. The methodological approach is based on: statistical analysis, the analogy method, graphical method, method of logical generalisation. The key findings are the substantiation of the expediency of mechanisation in the production of agricultural products, and an increase in the budgetary financial support and the wages of employees to boost the productivity of agricultural enterprises, reducing the dependence on imported goods and increasing the export of Albanian agricultural products to the world markets. The authors conf...
Key words: violence, superficial, realism, gothic, parody ABSTRACT This study aims at presenting ... more Key words: violence, superficial, realism, gothic, parody ABSTRACT This study aims at presenting a chronological view on Joyce Carol Oates's fiction, and thus its variation and evolution. The title of the paper springs from one of the most acclaimed short stories by the author in question, "Where are you going, Where have you been". A writing career which started with her first novel, With Shuddering Fall (1964), and continues to the day, speaks for an ongoing process of experimentation with the means of expression. If attempting to find a common thread pervading all her novels, violence can be said to carry the greatest weight in her thematic treatment. However, from the physical violence of the early stages, her novels of the 1980s move towards a more explicit featured violence reaching the phase where characters are able to verbalize violent incidents in the novels of the 1990s. The characters inhabiting her novels are as well a proof of this evolution process. Scholars have criticized the characters of the initial stage as being superficial and inarticulate, who sometimes commit suicide as they cannot bear the burden of their actions. Later novels witness characters, who despite their deficiencies, have learned to make their way through the dark reality of the American society, rarely resorting to suicidal attempts. The paper will also look at the issue of literary movements which have influenced and find reflection in the fiction of Joyce Carol Oates spanning over 5 decades.
A model is a statement of reality or its approximation. Most phenomena in the social sciences are... more A model is a statement of reality or its approximation. Most phenomena in the social sciences are extremely complex. With a model we simplify the reality and focus on a manageable number of factors. It is impossible to completely understand why consumers default and identify all the factors influencing customer’s default behavior. The bank manager sets up a statistical model that relates customer’s default behavior to only two important factors, the income and the education. There surely are thousands of other variables that may influence customer’s default behavior. This article describes the fundamentals of a statistical model building. We begin our discussion on the managerial justification for building a statistical model. Then we discuss three important statistical issues that are of prime importance to database marketers: model/variable selection, treatment of missing data, and evaluation of the model using Bootstrap Method.
International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 2018
In this paper we discuss some findings on the estimation of the informal economy in a particular ... more In this paper we discuss some findings on the estimation of the informal economy in a particular economical system, the Republic of Macedonia. We observed that undeviating application of standard models could produce different results and therefore some preliminary precaution has been taken. Therefore, by performing step by step analysis we conclude in acceptable values and in the evidencing of dominant factors that simulate informal economy. The work reveals the importance of model’s assumption fulfilling in the case of economic systems where observables are non-stationary and the economy itself is typically in dynamical evolution. As result of such improvement of the procedure we obtained that the country’s informal economy is going slight down starting from a local peak value touched in 2010-2011. By now it is stabilized around the values 33%-35% of GDP. We obtained herein that the majority of economic and political measures undertaken recently in the framework of informality red...
International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 2018
In standard econometric application all variables are analyzed statistically before being used in... more In standard econometric application all variables are analyzed statistically before being used in mathematical models. In this framework we considered non-stationary distribution as an starting procedure on the study of consumer behavior in a local market area whereof non-homogeneity of buyers and small size effect could be present. By evaluation of the degree of non-stationary of the actual state for particular variable as observed, we hope to be able to estimate and interpret the model outcomes. Assuming the non-stationary of variables as indicator of the overall stet itself, we argue that the state where observation were made is non-stationary too, and for that reason, models are expected to not fit well. In the other hand, by dropping the significance level in model fitting process we expect to count for this instability whereas the model remains valid. Herewith, the logistic model for consumer behavior in our system is applied and calculated using significance level 0.85-0.90. ...
International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 2018
Here we consider the observed changes in the consumer expenses in a district of Albania following... more Here we consider the observed changes in the consumer expenses in a district of Albania following market sales discount. By calculating latent variable as the usefulness of the discounts offered we interpret the net expenses surplus as related to the actual marketing activities. Here we use a reduced set of variables related to the house holding as gender and age of principal buyers, and some few marketing aspects as telephone calls, whereas as response variable we choose the average days of market visits and expenses. In the area we investigated we obtained that the offered discounts promote rising expenses which in turn tells that the consumer behave as minimalist buyer as a responses of higher prices and not limited budged. This supports the idea that the consumers in this area are mostly rational. Next we see that the most accented effect is related to the average costume expenses that suggest the marketing activity related to this category of consumers.
Proceedings of The 3rd International Virtual Research Conference In Technical Disciplines, 2015
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2015
Albania is reforming its society and political mentality to better-fit new needs and responsibili... more Albania is reforming its society and political mentality to better-fit new needs and responsibilities toward the European Union and western values the country always dreamed. Nevertheless, the political mentality of the past, which today is part of the process of political reformation, is slowing the process of integration toward western values. Political forces somehow are resisting the upgrade of their political mentality to these newer western political concepts. Albania had made big steps reforming the economy, and the political class is committed in making the country desirable for foreign investors as well as creating comforts for domestic ones. A successful integration is occurring, although several challenges need to be considered in order to fasten this process.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS, 2020
The purpose of an analysis using this method is the same as that of any technique in constructing... more The purpose of an analysis using this method is the same as that of any technique in constructing models in statistics, namely to find the best and most reasonable model to describe the relationship between a result variable and a set of variables independent. We are interested in how the costs affect them and if a customer has a travel card. Credit card customers are shown to be 6 times more likely to use it regardless of the cost they make.It is also shown that a customer is more likely to use a travel card when costs increase Through logistic regression, which gives the probability that a result is an exponential function of the independent variables, we will see how through our data we will come to very important conclusions.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS, 2018
This study focuses on the family, enabling data collection and processing to come to the conclusi... more This study focuses on the family, enabling data collection and processing to come to the conclusion that it spends on average a month in a family in the city of Vlora. The data was collected in written and electronic form with a form that was drafted following the study of many models performed in economically developed countries. Contribution was given by more than 100 families involved in the survey. This paper aims to look at the essence of decision-making by applying the mathematical methods that approximate the average cost per capita for the city of Vlora and are equal to 1 328 lek, the understanding of the basic concepts of these managerial and conceptual disciplines and to increase the level of application of these methods and principles among stakeholders in decision-making in all levels of politics, economy, society, etc.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
In this work we have studied the spreading of militantism in 1D and 2D square lattice by operatin... more In this work we have studied the spreading of militantism in 1D and 2D square lattice by operating the q-XY opinion and its utility optimization as control mechanism for the update process. The average utility and opinion value for a pair of opinion nodes are calculated in the framework of standard statistical mechanics using the q-opinion utility U=−J2(O→2−2)−FO→+q(J2(O→2−2)∗FO→) . The agreement with an incoming zealot opinion is modelled as one by one dialogue starting from a random opinion configuration. Each time step one node updates its opinion value according to a set of rules and by specific probabilities based on local utility improvement. New opinion values are accepted with a Metropolis-like probability calculated by employing q-utilities of the nodes under updating process. For the chain opinion structure in the interaction type preserving regimes where 0$?> 1−qJ2(O→2−2)>0 given 0 ≤ O ≤ 1 it resulted that that both 1D and 2D structures accept the militant offer onl...
Acta Universitatis Danubius: Oeconomica, 2019
In this paper we present some thematic aspects related to the study of informal sector in the Rep... more In this paper we present some thematic aspects related to the study of informal sector in the Republic of North Macedonia for the period [1998, 2016]. So, by conventional application of CDA model we perceived problematic issues in the estimation of the informal economy. To recover the model aftermaths, we assisted the calculation procedures by additional descriptive analysis aimed on avoiding the regression disturbances from critical dynamics. By evidencing the presence of self-organization regimes in some money-type variables, we identified the intervals where data series behaved highly nonlinearly. Consequently, by excluding parts of series up to a reasonable point (herein before 2004), the CDA predictions for the size of informal economy and the relationship with its factors has been improved remarkably. Next, we used factorial analysis to facilitate the design of the n-p-m MIMIC model. This investigation applied in 22 candidate factors suggested the configuration 9-2-3 as optima...
This article deals with the observed changes in consumer spending in a region of Albania followin... more This article deals with the observed changes in consumer spending in a region of Albania following the fall in market sales prices. The paper focuses on the statistical study of a local consumer system. In the meantime, we are striving for greater recognition. Respectively in a more generalized and mathematical perspective, the generalized customer or consumer is the user and consumer as the behavioral agent. The purpose of the paper is to identify the best or most appropriate model for the behavioral profile according to the profile determined by the inductive analysis of the variables themselves. For this reason, part of the purpose of the paper is to construct the behavioral profile ie what are the most characteristic variables and the factor group profile. In the region where the study was conducted, it has been found that the price reductions drive costs, which in turn shows that the consumer behaves as a minimalist buyer, in response to high prices rather than budgetary constr...
International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Computational Science and Systems Engineering
In this paper we consider the apparent changes in consumer spending in a real market (Vlora Count... more In this paper we consider the apparent changes in consumer spending in a real market (Vlora County). By calculating the latent variable of discounts as it is done, we do not interpret the net of expenses. We found that discounts stimulate spending behavior, which shows that the consumer buys the minimum as well as the highest prices and not with the right budget. Essentially, the ecological steps here have functioned as data-oriented modeling that reduces subjective or am approaches to econometric and marketing analysis. The complexity of separate actions and then its dimensions and reduced the model of conclusion and improved analysis.
Journal of Human, Earth, and Future
Since the introduction of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) in 1992, the CI tests have been widel... more Since the introduction of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) in 1992, the CI tests have been widely used for measuring conceptual knowledge and for studying teaching issues in almost all disciplines and levels of study. A standard concept inventory analysis includes the design of a qualitative test, adequate realization of testing, calibration procedure, and comprehensive analysis of its findings. Usually, the CI test calibration is carried out through the Rasch sociometric technique, which is also used for calculating crucial indicators of knowledge such as item difficulties, students’ abilities, and many more. Whereas the quality of the tests’ design can be guaranteed by using certified and professional CI tests, the statistical adequacy of the testing merits critical attention before going on to the final step of the analysis. Also, the analysis of CI outcomes can be advanced by contemplating auxiliary tools and complementary techniques. In this framework, we propose to enforce th...
Journal of Advances in Mathematics, Mar 30, 2018
This study focuses on the family, enabling data collection and processing to come to the conclusi... more This study focuses on the family, enabling data collection and processing to come to the conclusion that it spends on average a month in a family in the city of Vlora. The data was collected in written and electronic form with a form that was drafted following the study of many models performed in economically developed countries. Contribution was given by more than 100 families involved in the survey. This paper aims to look at the essence of decision-making by applying the mathematical methods that approximate the average cost per capita for the city of Vlora and are equal to 1 328 lek, the understanding of the basic concepts of these managerial and conceptual disciplines and to increase the level of application of these methods and principles among stakeholders in decision-making in all levels of politics, economy, society, etc.
Journal of physics, 2021
In this work we have studied the spreading of militantism in 1D and 2D square lattice by operatin... more In this work we have studied the spreading of militantism in 1D and 2D square lattice by operating the q-XY opinion and its utility optimization as control mechanism for the update process. The average utility and opinion value for a pair of opinion nodes are calculated in the framework of standard statistical mechanics using the q-opinion utility U = − J 2 ( O → 2 − 2 ) − F O → + q ( J 2 ( O → 2 − 2 ) ∗ F O → ) . The agreement with an incoming zealot opinion is modelled as one by one dialogue starting from a random opinion configuration. Each time step one node updates its opinion value according to a set of rules and by specific probabilities based on local utility improvement. New opinion values are accepted with a Metropolis-like probability calculated by employing q-utilities of the nodes under updating process. For the chain opinion structure in the interaction type preserving regimes where 1 − q J 2 ( O → 2 − 2 ) > 0 given 0 ≤ O ≤ 1 it resulted that that both 1D and 2D structures accept the militant offer only partially. For bounded chain the agreement level is at average values for short chain and low values for bounded long opinion chain. Bounded chain structures are found resistant toward militantism accommodation. For square opinion lattices we obtained also that the militant attitude would never cover all the community. Homogenous-nodes group resulted somewhat deterring in accepting the militant opinion with an agreement level of around 0.6. For heterogonous communities the edge agreement level closed up to around 0.7-0.8. The model reproduces the fact that there would be always a fraction of opposition whatsoever regime is applied. It produces various outcomes imitating the complexity of the social behaviour.
WSEAS transactions on business and economics, Apr 24, 2023
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2013
Joyce Carol Oates is undoubtedly one of the contemporary writers in the American literature who w... more Joyce Carol Oates is undoubtedly one of the contemporary writers in the American literature who writes about the evils of the American society. But what adds originality to her approach is the absence of interpretations or value judgment about what she is reporting. She places herself in the position of an observer who merely states the facts that she sees. Through the employment of contemporary historical events and actual physical places, Oates is both a novelist and a social critic. She chooses this way, though not clearly stated, to show Americans that they are the characters of her novels and pointing out the direction in which their lives are headed. Her early novels,
Scientific Horizons
The relevance of the study is determined by the need to identify solutions to increase the produc... more The relevance of the study is determined by the need to identify solutions to increase the productivity of agricultural and food enterprises in Albania and to improve their production. The purpose of the study is to analyse the production of agricultural and food products, the level of remuneration of agricultural workers, the impact of state financial assistance on production volumes, and to provide proposals for increasing productivity in the agricultural sector. The methodological approach is based on: statistical analysis, the analogy method, graphical method, method of logical generalisation. The key findings are the substantiation of the expediency of mechanisation in the production of agricultural products, and an increase in the budgetary financial support and the wages of employees to boost the productivity of agricultural enterprises, reducing the dependence on imported goods and increasing the export of Albanian agricultural products to the world markets. The authors conf...
Key words: violence, superficial, realism, gothic, parody ABSTRACT This study aims at presenting ... more Key words: violence, superficial, realism, gothic, parody ABSTRACT This study aims at presenting a chronological view on Joyce Carol Oates's fiction, and thus its variation and evolution. The title of the paper springs from one of the most acclaimed short stories by the author in question, "Where are you going, Where have you been". A writing career which started with her first novel, With Shuddering Fall (1964), and continues to the day, speaks for an ongoing process of experimentation with the means of expression. If attempting to find a common thread pervading all her novels, violence can be said to carry the greatest weight in her thematic treatment. However, from the physical violence of the early stages, her novels of the 1980s move towards a more explicit featured violence reaching the phase where characters are able to verbalize violent incidents in the novels of the 1990s. The characters inhabiting her novels are as well a proof of this evolution process. Scholars have criticized the characters of the initial stage as being superficial and inarticulate, who sometimes commit suicide as they cannot bear the burden of their actions. Later novels witness characters, who despite their deficiencies, have learned to make their way through the dark reality of the American society, rarely resorting to suicidal attempts. The paper will also look at the issue of literary movements which have influenced and find reflection in the fiction of Joyce Carol Oates spanning over 5 decades.
A model is a statement of reality or its approximation. Most phenomena in the social sciences are... more A model is a statement of reality or its approximation. Most phenomena in the social sciences are extremely complex. With a model we simplify the reality and focus on a manageable number of factors. It is impossible to completely understand why consumers default and identify all the factors influencing customer’s default behavior. The bank manager sets up a statistical model that relates customer’s default behavior to only two important factors, the income and the education. There surely are thousands of other variables that may influence customer’s default behavior. This article describes the fundamentals of a statistical model building. We begin our discussion on the managerial justification for building a statistical model. Then we discuss three important statistical issues that are of prime importance to database marketers: model/variable selection, treatment of missing data, and evaluation of the model using Bootstrap Method.
International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 2018
In this paper we discuss some findings on the estimation of the informal economy in a particular ... more In this paper we discuss some findings on the estimation of the informal economy in a particular economical system, the Republic of Macedonia. We observed that undeviating application of standard models could produce different results and therefore some preliminary precaution has been taken. Therefore, by performing step by step analysis we conclude in acceptable values and in the evidencing of dominant factors that simulate informal economy. The work reveals the importance of model’s assumption fulfilling in the case of economic systems where observables are non-stationary and the economy itself is typically in dynamical evolution. As result of such improvement of the procedure we obtained that the country’s informal economy is going slight down starting from a local peak value touched in 2010-2011. By now it is stabilized around the values 33%-35% of GDP. We obtained herein that the majority of economic and political measures undertaken recently in the framework of informality red...
International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 2018
In standard econometric application all variables are analyzed statistically before being used in... more In standard econometric application all variables are analyzed statistically before being used in mathematical models. In this framework we considered non-stationary distribution as an starting procedure on the study of consumer behavior in a local market area whereof non-homogeneity of buyers and small size effect could be present. By evaluation of the degree of non-stationary of the actual state for particular variable as observed, we hope to be able to estimate and interpret the model outcomes. Assuming the non-stationary of variables as indicator of the overall stet itself, we argue that the state where observation were made is non-stationary too, and for that reason, models are expected to not fit well. In the other hand, by dropping the significance level in model fitting process we expect to count for this instability whereas the model remains valid. Herewith, the logistic model for consumer behavior in our system is applied and calculated using significance level 0.85-0.90. ...
International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 2018
Here we consider the observed changes in the consumer expenses in a district of Albania following... more Here we consider the observed changes in the consumer expenses in a district of Albania following market sales discount. By calculating latent variable as the usefulness of the discounts offered we interpret the net expenses surplus as related to the actual marketing activities. Here we use a reduced set of variables related to the house holding as gender and age of principal buyers, and some few marketing aspects as telephone calls, whereas as response variable we choose the average days of market visits and expenses. In the area we investigated we obtained that the offered discounts promote rising expenses which in turn tells that the consumer behave as minimalist buyer as a responses of higher prices and not limited budged. This supports the idea that the consumers in this area are mostly rational. Next we see that the most accented effect is related to the average costume expenses that suggest the marketing activity related to this category of consumers.
Proceedings of The 3rd International Virtual Research Conference In Technical Disciplines, 2015
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2015
Albania is reforming its society and political mentality to better-fit new needs and responsibili... more Albania is reforming its society and political mentality to better-fit new needs and responsibilities toward the European Union and western values the country always dreamed. Nevertheless, the political mentality of the past, which today is part of the process of political reformation, is slowing the process of integration toward western values. Political forces somehow are resisting the upgrade of their political mentality to these newer western political concepts. Albania had made big steps reforming the economy, and the political class is committed in making the country desirable for foreign investors as well as creating comforts for domestic ones. A successful integration is occurring, although several challenges need to be considered in order to fasten this process.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS, 2020
The purpose of an analysis using this method is the same as that of any technique in constructing... more The purpose of an analysis using this method is the same as that of any technique in constructing models in statistics, namely to find the best and most reasonable model to describe the relationship between a result variable and a set of variables independent. We are interested in how the costs affect them and if a customer has a travel card. Credit card customers are shown to be 6 times more likely to use it regardless of the cost they make.It is also shown that a customer is more likely to use a travel card when costs increase Through logistic regression, which gives the probability that a result is an exponential function of the independent variables, we will see how through our data we will come to very important conclusions.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS, 2018
This study focuses on the family, enabling data collection and processing to come to the conclusi... more This study focuses on the family, enabling data collection and processing to come to the conclusion that it spends on average a month in a family in the city of Vlora. The data was collected in written and electronic form with a form that was drafted following the study of many models performed in economically developed countries. Contribution was given by more than 100 families involved in the survey. This paper aims to look at the essence of decision-making by applying the mathematical methods that approximate the average cost per capita for the city of Vlora and are equal to 1 328 lek, the understanding of the basic concepts of these managerial and conceptual disciplines and to increase the level of application of these methods and principles among stakeholders in decision-making in all levels of politics, economy, society, etc.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
In this work we have studied the spreading of militantism in 1D and 2D square lattice by operatin... more In this work we have studied the spreading of militantism in 1D and 2D square lattice by operating the q-XY opinion and its utility optimization as control mechanism for the update process. The average utility and opinion value for a pair of opinion nodes are calculated in the framework of standard statistical mechanics using the q-opinion utility U=−J2(O→2−2)−FO→+q(J2(O→2−2)∗FO→) . The agreement with an incoming zealot opinion is modelled as one by one dialogue starting from a random opinion configuration. Each time step one node updates its opinion value according to a set of rules and by specific probabilities based on local utility improvement. New opinion values are accepted with a Metropolis-like probability calculated by employing q-utilities of the nodes under updating process. For the chain opinion structure in the interaction type preserving regimes where 0$?> 1−qJ2(O→2−2)>0 given 0 ≤ O ≤ 1 it resulted that that both 1D and 2D structures accept the militant offer onl...
Acta Universitatis Danubius: Oeconomica, 2019
In this paper we present some thematic aspects related to the study of informal sector in the Rep... more In this paper we present some thematic aspects related to the study of informal sector in the Republic of North Macedonia for the period [1998, 2016]. So, by conventional application of CDA model we perceived problematic issues in the estimation of the informal economy. To recover the model aftermaths, we assisted the calculation procedures by additional descriptive analysis aimed on avoiding the regression disturbances from critical dynamics. By evidencing the presence of self-organization regimes in some money-type variables, we identified the intervals where data series behaved highly nonlinearly. Consequently, by excluding parts of series up to a reasonable point (herein before 2004), the CDA predictions for the size of informal economy and the relationship with its factors has been improved remarkably. Next, we used factorial analysis to facilitate the design of the n-p-m MIMIC model. This investigation applied in 22 candidate factors suggested the configuration 9-2-3 as optima...
This article deals with the observed changes in consumer spending in a region of Albania followin... more This article deals with the observed changes in consumer spending in a region of Albania following the fall in market sales prices. The paper focuses on the statistical study of a local consumer system. In the meantime, we are striving for greater recognition. Respectively in a more generalized and mathematical perspective, the generalized customer or consumer is the user and consumer as the behavioral agent. The purpose of the paper is to identify the best or most appropriate model for the behavioral profile according to the profile determined by the inductive analysis of the variables themselves. For this reason, part of the purpose of the paper is to construct the behavioral profile ie what are the most characteristic variables and the factor group profile. In the region where the study was conducted, it has been found that the price reductions drive costs, which in turn shows that the consumer behaves as a minimalist buyer, in response to high prices rather than budgetary constr...